Intermittent discussions are held by various parties and proposals put forward in an attempt to resolve the ongoing Israeli–Palestinian conflict through a peace process. Since the 1970s,there has been a parallel effort made to find terms upon which peace can be agreed to in both the Arab–Israeli conflict and in the Palestinian–Israeli conflict. Notably the Camp David Accords between Egypt and Israel,which included discussions on plans for "Palestinian autonomy",but did not include any Palestinian representatives. The autonomy plan would not be implemented,but its stipulations would to a large extent be represented in the Oslo Accords.
Dennis B. Ross is an American diplomat and author. He has served as the Director of Policy Planning in the State Department under President George H. W. Bush,the special Middle East coordinator under President Bill Clinton,and was a special adviser for the Persian Gulf and Southwest Asia to the former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. Ross is currently a fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy,a pro-Israel think tank,and Co-chairs the Jewish People Policy Institute Board of Directors.
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington,D.C.,focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East.
Since the 1960s,the United States has been a very strong supporter of Israel. It has played a key role in the promotion of good relations between Israel and its neighbouring Arab states—namely Jordan,Lebanon,Egypt,along with several others in the 2020 Abraham Accords—while also holding off hostility from other Middle Eastern countries such as Syria and Iran. Relations with Israel are a very important factor in the U.S. government's overall foreign policy in the Middle East,and the U.S. Congress has likewise placed considerable importance on the maintenance of a close and supportive relationship.
Efraim Halevy is an Israeli intelligence expert and diplomat. He was the 9th director of the Mossad and the 3rd head of the Israeli National Security Council.
Robert Malley is an American lawyer,political scientist and specialist in conflict resolution,who was the lead negotiator on the 2015 Iran nuclear deal known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA).
The Arab Peace Initiative,also known as the Saudi Initiative,is a 10 sentence proposal for an end to the Arab–Israeli conflict that was endorsed by the Arab League in 2002 at the Beirut Summit and re-endorsed at the 2007 and at the 2017 Arab League summits. The initiative offers normalisation of relations by the Arab world with Israel,in return for a full withdrawal by Israel from the occupied territories,with the possibility of comparable and mutual agreed minor swaps of the land between Israel and Palestine,a "just settlement" of the Palestinian refugee problem based on UN Resolution 194,and the establishment of a Palestinian state with East Jerusalem as its capital. The Initiative was initially overshadowed by the Passover massacre,a major Palestinian attack that took place on 27 March 2002,the day before the Initiative was published.
The Begin–Sadat Center for Strategic Studies is an Israeli think tank affiliated with Bar-Ilan University and supported by the NATO Mediterranean Initiative,conducting policy-relevant research on Middle Eastern and global strategic affairs,particularly as they relate to the national security and foreign policy of Israel and regional peace and stability. The center's mission is to contribute to promoting peace and security in the Middle East,through policy-oriented researches on national security in the Middle East. It is located at the Social Sciences Faculty of Bar-Ilan University. The center was founded by Thomas Hecht,a Canadian-Jewish leader,and was dedicated to Menachem Begin and Anwar Sadat,who signed the Egypt–Israel peace treaty,the first peace agreement ever signed between Israel and an Arab country.
Hady Amr is an American government official serving as special representative for Palestinian affairs since 22 November 2022. He was previously Deputy Assistant Secretary for Israeli and Palestinian Affairs in the Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs within the U.S. Department of State. The new position is a significant upgrade in relations with Palestine. He was appointed to the role under President Joe Biden on January 20,2021. He was born in Lebanon,and has close ties to the region,being praised by both Israeli and Palestinian leaders alike.
The Center for Middle East Policy is a center for research within the Brookings Institution focused on the United States' involvement in the Middle East. It was founded in May 2002.
Ron Prosor is an Israeli diplomat,writer,and columnist. He is the Head of the Abba Eban Institute for International Diplomacy in IDC Herzliya Lauder School of Government,Diplomacy &Strategy. On 29 December 2021,Prosor was named Israel's Ambassador to Germany. He served as Israel's Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 2011 to 2015. He has previously served as Israel's Ambassador to the United Kingdom,Director-General of Israel's Foreign Ministry and political consul at the Israeli embassy in Washington.
China–Palestine relations,also referred to as Sino–Palestinian relations,encompasses the long bilateral relationship between China and Palestine dating back from the early years of the Cold War.
Relations have existed between Bahrain and Israel since Bahrain achieved its independence in 1971. In recent years,relations between the two countries have been thawing,and the countries agreed to establish diplomatic relations in September 2020. The foreign minister of Bahrain Khalid bin Ahmed Al Khalifa has been quoted saying "Israel is part of the heritage of this whole region,historically. So,the Jewish people have a place amongst us." The common threat of Iran has provided common ground for a thaw in what were once tense relations. Bahrain's foreign policy traditionally supports the creation of an independent Palestinian state.
Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian National Authority took place throughout 2010 as part of the peace process,between United States President Barack Obama,Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu,and Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas. The ultimate aim of the direct negotiations is reaching an official "final status settlement" to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict by implementing a two-state solution,with Israel remaining a Jewish state,and the establishment of a state for the Palestinian people.
Political relations between the State of Palestine and the United States have been complex and strained since the 1960s. While the U.S. does not recognize the State of Palestine,it recognizes the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as the legitimate representative entity for the Palestinian people;following the Oslo Accords,it recognized the Palestinian National Authority as the legitimate Palestinian government of the Palestinian territories.
The State of Israel and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have never had formal diplomatic relations. In 1947,Saudi Arabia voted against the United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine,and currently does not recognize Israeli sovereignty. However,as of 2023,bilateral negotiations towards Israeli–Saudi normalization are ongoing,with the United States serving as the two sides' mediator.
The 2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks were part of the Israeli–Palestinian peace process. Direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians began on 29 July 2013 following an attempt by United States Secretary of State John Kerry to restart the peace process.
The two-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict centres around the establishment of an independent State of Palestine alongside the State of Israel,in the region west of the Jordan River.
Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani is a Qatari diplomat,economist,and politician who has been serving as the Prime Minister of Qatar since 7 March 2023 and Minister of Foreign Affairs since 2016. He has also been serving as Chairman of the Qatar Fund for Development (QFFD) since 2014,and is a member of Qatar's Supreme Council for Economic Affairs and Investments (SCEAI) since 2014.
The Trump peace plan,officially titled "Peace to Prosperity:A Vision to Improve the Lives of the Palestinian and Israeli People",was a proposal by the Trump administration to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. President Donald Trump formally unveiled the plan in a White House press conference alongside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on 28 January 2020. The plan had been delayed by two years and previously rejected by the Palestinians,who were not invited to the meeting.
