Mazowiecka street is a path in the city of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Its buildings still display a mix of eclectic architectural facades as well as highlight the important urban industrialisation in the history of the city.
A map of Bromberg dated 1876[3] depicts the pathway, without any naming nor plots. Two years later, the city address book makes the first reference to 8 buildings on Heinestraße.[1] The development of the street has been gradual and eventually achieved in 1910.[2]
The street bore the following names through its existence:[4]
19th century - 1920, Heinestraße or Heynestraße. Friedrich Hermann Heyne (1813-1856) was the Bürgermeister of Bromberg from 1845 to 1856,[5] at a time of dynamic economic development, in particular with the opening of the city to the network of the Prussian Eastern Railway.
German occupation (1939 - 1945), Memel straße,[6] in reference to the Memel Territory (German: Memelland), the northernmost part of the German province of East Prussia.
1920 - 1939 and since 1945, Ulica Mazowiecka .
The current appellation refers to the historical region of Mazovia, in mid-north-eastern Poland. It spans the North European Plain, roughly between Łódź and Białystok.
Initial address was Heinestraße 45, like the tenement at Nr.49, this building was initially the property of the municipality, as Bromberg city apartments (German: Wohnungsverein gehörig).[8] until 1910.[2] This system prevailed, even after Bydgoszcz re-integrated the Polish territory.
The facade of the building, recently renovated, displays nice neoclassical features, mirroring the abutting tenement at Nr.49, with a bit more motifs: pilasters, tympanum on Mazowiecka street and a corner facade with balustrade, topped by round ornaments.
Facade on Pomorska street
Corner detail
Detail of window adorning
Tenement at 53 Pomorska Street, corner with Mazowiecka street
Both buildings have been erected almost at the same period (1890-1892) and have always been owned by one landlord at the time. They had been built for the city (then German) housing cooperative, the Wohnungsverein in bromberg gehörig.[10] In 1920, they were managed by the Polish equivalent structure, the Towarzystwo mieszkaniowe.[11] Some other tenements managed by the city could also be found at 1 Kołłątaja Street or 13/15/17 Zygmunt Krasiński Street.
Both frontages display similar eclectic architectural details, with a slight avant-corps dividing them.
Robert Reeck, the first landlord,[12] was living at 21 Wörth strasse (present day Racławicka street).[12]
Renovated in 2014,[13] the facade presents characteristics of the first decade of the 20th century with early forms of Modern architecture and Art Nouveau elements: tall bay windows, long vertical lines and a variety of window shapes.
Then located at 43 Heyne strasse, Emil Leufen, a plasterer was its initial owner.[14] A year later, he sold it to Johann Buckolt, a musician, and moved to the neighboring tenement at 41/42 (today's 7/9).[15]
The passage to the courtyard has been used by Bydgoszcz-born artist Joanna Rajkowska[16] to create the public project “Thermometers and glasses” (Polish: Termometry i Szklanki) in 2012. Joanna Rajkowska covered the walls and ceiling with a mosaic of mirrors (700kg of them).[17] The Mirror gate (Brama z luster) has been restored in 2021.[18]
Emil Leufen, a plasterer, then owner in 1893 of the abutting building at 5, had these buildings erected a year later.[15] He had been eventually lived there from 1896 onwards.[14]
The large facade on the street displays eclectic and neo-baroque architectural details:
These buildings are among the oldest in the street, dating back to the late 1870s.[1] Their first landlord was Anton Czarnecki, who inhabited the house at 8 (then 4/4a Heinestraße).[19]
Both facades lost their architectural details with time. The house at 8 was renovated in 2020.[20]
The first landlord was Albert Bettyna, a locksmith.[14]Hasan Konopacki (1879–1953) lived there from 1946 to 1953. He was a Lipka Tatar, politician, journalist and military officer, closely connected with the Belarusian national movement. A commemorative plaque has been unveiled on the ground floor of the building.[21]
The facade renovated in 2022[21] displays eclectic characters: avant-corps, pilasters, stuccoes and top corbel table are worth noticing.
Carl Heller, a butcher, was the registered landlord of this tenement at its construction.[22]
The house, renovated in the 2010s, exhibits a balcony on the corner narrow facade. There are also stucooed corbels on the window lintel and the corbel table running beneath the roof.
Identified at its inception at 8 Heyne strasse, this large building was initially owned by Emil Röhl .[14] He lived there till the outbreak of WWI.[12]
The most impressive features of the tenement are the two grand balconies on the first and second level. Located above the main entrance, their balustrades are replicated on both sides under each window sills. In addition, window lintels are adorned with festoons, figureheads and mascaron.
The construction entrepreneur Wilhelm Herzberg built the building on behalf of Johann Bordanowicz,[23] a butcher living at then 25 Mittel straße[8] (present day 45 Sienkiewicza Street).
The recent renovation (2022)[23] recalls that at the time of construction, it was one of the most impressive tenement houses on the street,[23] especially with its large double entrance door which round transom light decorated with figures of flying angels.
Marian Rudnicki, a merchant, commissioned this tenement.[24] Its plot received three different house numberings: "25 Mittelstraße" in the 1890s, "45 Mittelstraße" (1915) and "38 Sienkiewicza street" in the present.
The corner building, in need of restoration, still possesses entrance door decoration, with pilasters flanking the side and a triangular pediment filled with plastered floral motifs and a smiling figure head. This ensemble is replicated on the door opening on Mazowiecka street.
View of both facades
Main door and portal, with the ancient street numbering (37)
Hugo Hecht, a merchant, commissioned this house. He was an important investor in the city: at the end of the 19th century, in addition to this tenement, he owned three other buildings in Gdańska Street, at 88/90, 92/94 and 96. Hecht was living at "30 Wilhelmstraße" (nonexistent today, in Jagiellońska street).[25]
The renovation carried out in 2020 reinforced the design of its facade. The stories are separated by cornices, the roof is supported by consoles and pediments are incorporated above the windows. Massive balconies are decorated with balustrades and the side garage entrance displays a large wrought iron fence.[26]
The initial homeowner was Alexander Olszynski, a carpenter.[27]
As one of the first house built in the street, it kept few architectural details, apart from the triangular pediment adorned with motifs above the entrance.
The first landlord in the mid-1880s was Albert ßrenzel, working as a metal turner.[25] He lived there until the mid-1910s.[12] The following owner was Emil Stadie: he had launched in 1892 a bicycle, then motorcycle workshop located at nearby 20a Mittel-strasse (present day 39 Sienkiewicza Street).[28] Both locations were linked by a series of backyards.[29]
Otto Jr. Kochanowski, the son of the coppersmith at N.12, was the first landlord. Otto Jr. was a building materials merchant.[24] in 1896, he moved to a house at then 25 Mittelstasse (modern-day Sienkiewicza Street).[14]
The city heritage building boasts two decorated facades and a large corner bay window stretching on two levels.
Johann Bordanowicz, a butcher who already owned the building at 3 Wileńska street, was the first landlord of this tenement.[24] At the time, it was located at the junction of Boiestraße and Heyne straße.
Restored in 2017,[32] the massive tenement displays two decorated facades on each street. The corner frontage features two heavy balconies.
Albin Cohnfeld was a wealthy Jewish merchant of Bromberg, member (and vice-president) of the "Jewish Management Board and the Council of Representatives" of the city, from 1903 to 1920.[33] At the end of the 1880s, Cohnfeld received a concession from the city to build barracks in todays' Pomorska street, which was completed in 1890:[34] nowadays, the plot is called Londynek.
Albin Cohnfeld was living in a lavish tenement in Bahnhofstrasse (today's 77 Dworcowa street) designed by architect Karl Bergner. At the turn of the 20th century, he purchased plots in the street[35] at 25 and 28.
At 25, he had this one level house constructed, which he sold in 1905.[36]
The commissioner of the building was a merchant, Wilhelm Habermann, running a company of wood transportation (German: holzspedition), Habermann & Moritz).[2] Living in Albert strasse (present day Garbary Street), he started renting the flats to more than 20 tenants,[2] but sold the tenement a year later in 1911.[37]
The large facade displays early forms of modern architecture, with tall and long vertical windows, under a wall gable still shaped with Art Nouveau design.
View from the street
Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology at 28
In 1890, the plot was acquired by Albin Cohnfeld (see details at paragraph Cohnfeld's house at 25): the municipal authorities commissioned him to build there barracks, as he did in Pomorska street.[30]
Former Company Galwana
The "Galwana" Joint Stock Company was established in February 1920 and began its operations in 1922.[38] The founders of the company were the brothers Baranowski: Bolesław was the administrative director and Kazimierz the technical director.[38] Krzysztof lived in an apartment next to the factory while his brother Bolesław had a flat at 5 Cieszkowskiego street.[39] The factory used the ancient Prussian barracks, making most of the space provided by the multi-story brick building, with side wings.[39] It was located at then 16/24 Heyne strasse, employed 200 people, of which 50 were artists trained at the National School of Arts and Crafts.[39] Galwana went bankrupt in 1925,[40] the premises were then owned by Bank M. Stadthagen Tow. Akc. w Bydgoszczy, one of the main share holder of the capital till the upset of WWII.[41]
Since 1971, the area is housing the faculty of the Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology. There former plant edifice has been refurbished and hosts today one of the building of the Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology of Bydgoszcz.
The plot of land had been acquired at the beginning of the 20th century by Hermann Wenzel, a merchant living at 72 Danzigerstrasse (today's 137 Gdańska Street.[42]
Carl Wenzel, Hermann's relative, set up the Carl Wenzel Kommanditgesellschaft. The company had the production site in Mazowiecka and a selling point in Długa Street (64 Friedrichstrasse).[12]
Advertising for Carl Wenzel company - 1915
Józef Fagiewicz, after selling his drugstore and retail warehouse in Świecie, purchased in 1919, Carl Wenzel's company.[43] It was one of the largest drugstore wholesalers (Polish: Hurtownia drogeryjna) in Pomerania at the time.[44] A few years later, he established also AVENA, an oatmeal factory.[44]
Józef Fagiewicz plant - 1923
In 1929, Wacław Millner moved here his rapidly growing firm, Fabryka wyrobów Metalowo-Masowych (Metal and Mass Products Factory).[45] Created three years earlier, the then small workshop was located at 59 Gdańska Street;[46] it developed by producing furniture fittings and moved to 17 Nowa street in the Szwederowo district and later to 134 Gdańska Street. In Mazowiecka street, the company initially employed 100 people and began to manufacture bicycles from 1937 onwards. The employment increased to 600 people till the start of WWII. After the conflict, the firm was nationalized.[28] At his heyday, Wacław Millner had even his personal villa built by the famous Bydgoszcz architect Jan Kossowski at 11 Markwarta Street.
Advertising for W. Millner company - 1933
Advertising for W. Millner company - 1936/37
Millner's villa at 11 Markwarta Street
In 1969, Jan Gogolewski set up there the firm JAGO Confectionery Factory (Polish: Fabryka Wyrobów Cukierniczych JAGO Jan Gogolewski).[47] It later now moved its seat to 2 Objazdowa street in Bydgoszcz.
The parcel was purchased in 1907 by Gustav Granobs, living at 20 Kronerstrasse (Józefa Sowińskiego street).[48] Granobs had a large factory built there to accommodate his booming firm Gustav Granobs - Fabryka Filników i Narzędzi created in 1910.[49] The company will eventually grow into today's firm Befana.
Located then at 17 Kronerstrasse, the building was first owned by Ernst Meißner, a railway administrative assistant.[10] He kept it till the start of WWI.[12]
The corner building, in need of restoration, has lost all of its architectural decoration.
The Oskar Ewald Tenement is a tenement located at 30 Gdańska Street, at the intersection with Krasinski Street, in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
The tenement at 91 Gdanska street is a historical habitation building located on Gdańska Street, in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Dworcowa Street is one of the main streets of Bydgoszcz, in Downtown district. Many of its buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Pomorska Street is an important street in downtown Bydgoszcz.
Kołłątaja street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Piotra Skargi street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Piastowski Square is a large and important square in downtown Bydgoszcz, bearing several buildings registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Mikołaja Reja Street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz.
Krakowska street is a small street located in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Garbary street is located in the Okole district of Bydgoszcz city, Poland. Its development occurred during the second half of the 19th century and today it displays several buildings listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage list, with a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist. The area also nurtured a series of local successful factories, under the Prussian and the Polish periods.
Kordeckiego street is located in downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. It has been laid in the 1850s. Many frontages on this street offer architectural interests: some of the buildings are registered on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship Heritage List.
Sienkiewicza Street is a long thoroughfare laid in the mid-1860s in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontage carries several tenements which have kept their original architectural features and their historical importance.
Chrobrego Street is an avenue located in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontage carries tenements which present a character of uniformity in their architectural features, several of them being listed at the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
Świętojańska Street is an historical avenue in downtown Bydgoszcz. Its frontages display various architectural features. A couple of them are listed on the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship heritage list.
Chocimska Street is a historical street of downtown Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Kwiatowa street is a short pathway in downtown Bydgoszcz, presenting several architectural buildings erected during a period stretching from the end of the 19th century to the 1930s.
Bocianowo Street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long path in the northern part of Bydgoszcz city. Its facades display various architectural styles and its history sticks with the end-of-19th-century development of the town.
Tadeusza Kościuszki street is a 600 metres (2,000 ft) long avenue in the northern part of Bydgoszcz. Its houses display various various architectural styles. The path is a witness of the end-of-19th-century industrial activity of the city.
Maksymiliana Jackowskiego street is a 500 metres (1,600 ft) long path in the north-west area of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Located near the Brda river, its frontages display a variety of architectural styles, from eclectic to early modernist.
Wileńska street is a short path of the downtown district of Bydgoszcz, Poland. Despite its length, its frontages display a variety of architectural styles.
↑ "Alphabetisches Berzeichnis der einwohner". Adressbuch nebst allgemeinem Geschäfts-Anzeiger von Bromberg und dessen Vororten auf das Jahr 1878 auf Grund amtlicher und privater Unterlagen. Mittler. 1878. p.12.
↑ Biegański, Zdzisław (1896). Kronika Bydgoska. Materiały do historii mniejszości Żydowskiej w Bydgoszczy w zbiorach archiwum w Moskwie[Bydgoszcz Chronicle. Materials on the history of the Jewish minority in Bydgoszcz in the collections of the archive in Moscow] (in Polish). Towarzystwo Miłosnikow Miasta Bydgoszczy - Bydgoskie Towarzystwo Naukowe. p.161.
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