Michael Boyle (archbishop of Armagh)

The Most Reverend Michael Boyle
Archbishop of Armagh Primate of All Ireland
Church	Church of Ireland
Archdiocese	Armagh
Appointed	21 January 1679
In office	1679–1702
Predecessor	James Margetson
Successor	Narcissus Marsh
Orders
Consecration	27 January 1661 by  John Bramhall
Personal details
Born	c. 1609
Died	(1702-12-10)10 December 1702 (aged 92-93)
Nationality	Irish
Denomination	Anglican
Previous post(s)	Dean of Cloyne Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross Archbishop of Dublin
Alma mater	Trinity College, Dublin

Michael Boyle, the younger (c. 1609 – 10 December 1702) was a Church of Ireland bishop who served as Archbishop of Dublin from 1663 to 1679 and Archbishop of Armagh from 1679 to his death. He also served as Lord Chancellor of Ireland, the last time a bishop was appointed to that office.

Early career

Boyle was born circa 1609, ^[1] the eldest son of Richard Boyle, Archbishop of Tuam and Martha Wright. His uncle was Michael Boyle the elder. It was through the descendants of his cousin Lieutenant Colonel Richard Boyle that the Boyle name became ennobled over the centuries with multiple peerages, including Earl of Cork, Earl of Orrery and Earl of Shannon. ^[2]

Boyle was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he proceeded M.A., ^[3] and on 4 November 1637 was incorporated M.A. of Oxford. ^[4] In 1637 he obtained a rectory in the diocese of Cloyne, received the degree of D.D., and became Dean of Cloyne in 1640. During the war in Ireland acted as chaplain-general to the English army in Munster. ^[1]

In 1650, the Protestant royalists in Ireland employed Boyle, in conjunction with Sir Robert Sterling and Colonel John Daniel, to negotiate on their behalf with Oliver Cromwell. The Marquess of Ormonde resented the conduct of Boyle in conveying Cromwell's passport to him, which he rejected. ^[5]

Restoration

At the Restoration, Boyle became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland, and was appointed Bishop of Cork, Cloyne and Ross. In addition to the episcopal revenues, he continued to receive for a time the profits of six parishes in his diocese, on the ground of being unable to find clergymen for them. For Boyle's services in England in connection with the Irish Act of Settlement 1662, the Irish House of Lords at Dublin ordered a special memorial of thanks to be entered in their journals in 1662. Boyle was translated to Archbishop of Dublin in 1663, and appointed Lord Chancellor of Ireland in 1665. ^[1] Though the appointment of a cleric as Lord Chancellor had previously been common, Boyle's was the last such appointment and it appears he was offered the position only because no professional lawyer of repute could be found to take it: the aged and ineffective Sir Maurice Eustace had remained in office as Chancellor until his death simply because of the difficulty in finding a suitable replacement. ^[6] In the event Boyle proved to be a hard-working and incorruptible Chancellor, who earned the regard of successive Lord Lieutenants. While he undoubtedly used his influence to advance the career of his son-in-law, Sir William Davys, who was appointed Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in 1680, such use of patronage was an accepted part of seventeenth-century politics.

In the county of Wicklow Boyle established a town, to which he gave the name of Blessington, and at his own expense erected there a church, which he supplied with plate and bells. In connection with this town, he in 1673 obtained the title of Viscount Blessington for his only surviving son, Murrough Boyle. In 1675 Boyle was promoted from the see of Dublin to that of Armagh. ^{[1] [7]}

On the accession of James II, Boyle was briefly continued in office as Lord Chancellor, and appointed for the third time as Lord Justice, in conjunction with the Earl of Granard, and held that post until Henry, Earl of Clarendon, arrived as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland in December 1685. Clarendon had formed a very high opinion of Boyle, and is said to have objected to his dismissal from the Chancellorship, despite his lack of legal training, and his increasing infirmities, of both body and mind. ^[1]

Last years

In Boyle's last years his faculties are stated to have been much impaired: "his memory gone, deaf and almost blind, a mere wreck of the past". After about 1683 he was unable to personally perform the functions of his office, ^[8] and he stepped down as Lord Chancellor in 1686. He attended the brief Patriot Parliament called by James II in 1689. He died in Dublin on 10 December 1702, in his ninety-third year, and was interred in St. Patrick's Cathedral there. Little of the wealth accumulated by Boyle was devoted to religious or charitable uses. Letters and papers of Boyle are extant in the Ormonde archives at Kilkenny Castle and in the Bodleian Library. Portraits of Archbishop Boyle were engraved by Loggan and others. ^[1]

Family

He married firstly Margaret Synge, daughter of Rt. Rev. George Synge, Bishop of Cloyne and his first wife Anne Edgeworth: she died in a shipwreck in 1641, along with their infant daughter Martha. He married secondly Mary O'Brien, daughter of Dermod O'Brien, 5th Baron Inchiquin and Ellen FitzGerald. In addition to his son, who was created Lord Blessington, he had six daughters by his second marriage, named Elizabeth, Mary (who died young), Margaret, Eleanor, Martha, and Honora. Elizabeth married Denny Muschamp of Horsely, Surrey, the Muster Master-General for Ireland, and was the grandmother of John Vesey, 1st Baron Knapton. Margaret married Samuel Synge, Dean of Kildare, who was the elder brother of Edward Synge, Archbishop of Tuam. Eleanor married William Hill of Hillsborough: they were the parents of Michael Hill (1672-1699). Martha married Sir William Davys, Lord Chief Justice of Ireland. Honora married three times: firstly to Thomas Cromwell, 3rd Earl of Ardglass; secondly Francis Cuffe MP; and thirdly Sir Thomas Burdett, 1st Baronet, of Dunmore. ^[2]

Notes

1. Gilbert 1886 , p. 113
2. Mosley, Charles, ed. (2003). Burke's Peerage, Baronetage & Knighthood (107 ed.). Burke's Peerage & Gentry. pp. 898–899. ISBN   0-9711966-2-1.
3. "Alumni Dublinenses: a register of the students, graduates, professors and provosts of Trinity College in the University of Dublin (1593–1860 George Dames Burtchaell/Thomas Ulick Sadleir p88: Dublin, Alex Thom and Co, 1935
4. ludworth-Brakell pp 142-170 Alumni Oxonienses 1500-1714
5. Letters of Boyle on these matters were printed in the second volume of the Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland, 1641–1652( Gilbert 1886 , p. 113).
6. Ball 1926 , pp.276–277
7. An autograph of Boyle at the time he was promoted to the see of Armagh, has been reproduced on plate lxxix of 'Facsimiles of National MSS. of Ireland,' part iv. p. 2 ( Gilbert 1886 , p. 113)
8. According to the Archbishop of Canterbury in Read v Bishop of Lincoln (1889) 14 PD 88

References

• Ball, F. Elrington (1926). The Judges in Ireland 1221–1921. London: John Murray.

Attribution:

•  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : Gilbert, John Thomas (1886). "Boyle, Michael (1609?–1702)". In Stephen, Leslie (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography . Vol. 6. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 113. endnotes:
  • Carte's Life of Ormonde, 1736;
  • Anthony Wood's Fasti (Bliss), i. 498;
  • Ware's Works (Harris), i. 130;
  • Journals of Lords and Commons of Ireland;
  • Peerage of Ireland;
  • Biographia Dramatica , 1812;
  • Richard Mant, History of Church of Ireland, 1840;
  • Granard Archives, Castle Forbes;
  • Elrington's Life of Ussher, 1848;
  • Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ, 1851;
  • Reports of Royal Commission on Hist. MSS.

Political offices
Preceded by Sir Maurice Eustace	Lord Chancellor of Ireland 1665–1686	Succeeded by Sir Charles Porter
Church of Ireland titles
Preceded by James Margetson	Archbishop of Dublin 1663–1679	Succeeded by John Parker