Millisecond

millisecond
Unit system	SI
Unit of	time
Symbol	ms
Conversions
1 ms in ...	... is equal to ...
SI units	0.001  s

A millisecond (from milli- and second; symbol: ms) is a unit of time in the International System of Units equal to one thousandth (0.001 or 10⁻³ or ¹/₁₀₀₀) of a second ^{[1] [2]} or 1000 microseconds.

A millisecond is to one second, as one second is to approximately 16.67 minutes.

A unit of 10 milliseconds may be called a centisecond, and one of 100 milliseconds a decisecond, but these names are rarely used. ^[3] To help compare orders of magnitude of different times, this page lists times between 10⁻³ seconds and 10⁰ seconds (1 milli second and one second). See also times of other orders of magnitude.

Horizontal logarithmic scale marked with units of time

Examples

The Apollo Guidance Computer used metric units internally, with centiseconds used for time calculation and measurement. ^[4]

• 1 millisecond (1 ms) – cycle time for frequency 1  kHz; duration of light for typical photo flash strobe; ^[5] time taken for sound wave to travel about 34 cm; repetition interval of GPS C/A PN code ^[6]
• 1 millisecond – time taken for light to travel 204.19 km in a single mode fiber optic cable for a wavelength of 1550 nm (frequency: 193 THz).
• 1 millisecond – nerve conduction velocity (neuron signal firing) happens on the order of milliseconds
• 1.000692286 milliseconds – time taken for light to travel 300 km in a vacuum
• 1 to 5 milliseconds – typical response time in LCD computer monitors, especially high-end displays
• 2 milliseconds – Shift time for a modern Formula One car using a seamless-shift semi-automatic sequential transmission ^[7]
• 2.27 milliseconds – cycle time for pitch A440, the most commonly used pitch for tuning musical instruments
• 3 milliseconds – a housefly's wing flap
• 3.3 milliseconds – normal delay time between initiation and detonation of a C4 explosive charge
• 4 milliseconds – typical average seek time for a 10,000 rpm hard disk
• 5 milliseconds – a honey bee's wing flap ^[8]
• 5 milliseconds to 80 milliseconds – a hummingbird's wing flap
• 8 milliseconds – 1/125 of a second, a standard camera shutter speed (125); fastest shifting time of a car's mechanical transmission
• 10 milliseconds (10 ms) – a jiffy, cycle time for frequency 100 Hz
• 10.378 milliseconds – rotation period of pulsar B1639+36A ^[9]
• 15.625 milliseconds – a two hundred fifty-sixth note at 60 BPM
• 16.67 milliseconds (1/60 second) – a third, cycle time for American 60 Hz AC electricity (mains grid)
• 16.68 milliseconds (1/59.94 second) – the amount of time one field lasts in 29.97 fps interlaced video (commonly erroneously referred to as 30 fps)
• 20 milliseconds – cycle time for European 50 Hz AC electricity
• 31.25 milliseconds – a hundred twenty-eighth note at 60 BPM
• 33.367 milliseconds – the amount of time one frame lasts in 29.97 fps video (most common for NTSC-legacy formats)
• 41.667 milliseconds – the amount of time one frame lasts in 24 fps video (most common cinematic frame rate)
• 41.708 milliseconds – the amount of time one frame lasts in 23.976 fps video (cinematic frame rate for NTSC-legacy formats)
• 50 milliseconds – the time interval between gear changes on a Lamborghini Aventador; with a 7-speed single-clutch automated manual transmission
• 50 milliseconds – cycle time for the lowest audible tone, 20 Hz
• 60 milliseconds – cycle time for European 16.7 Hz AC electrified railroad power grid
• 60 milliseconds – the time interval between gear changes on a Ferrari 458 Spider; with a 7-speed dual-clutch automatic transmission
• 62.5 milliseconds – a sixty-fourth note at 60 BPM
• 5 to 80 milliseconds – typical latency for a broadband internet connection (important for playing online games)
• 100 milliseconds – the time interval between gear changes on a Ferrari FXX; with a 6-speed single-clutch automated manual transmission
• 125 milliseconds – a thirty-second note at 60 BPM
• 134 milliseconds – time taken by light to travel around the Earth's equator
• 150 milliseconds – recommended maximum time delay for telephone service
• 100–400 milliseconds – the time for the human eye to blink ^[10]
• 185 milliseconds – the duration of a full rotation of the main rotor on Bell 205, 212, and 412 helicopters (normal rotor speed is 324 RPM)
• 200 milliseconds – the time it takes the human brain to recognize emotion in facial expressions
• 250 milliseconds – a sixteenth note at 60 BPM
• 400 milliseconds – time in which the fastest baseball pitches reach the strike zone
• 430 to 500 milliseconds – common modern dance music tempos (120–140  BPM)
• 495 milliseconds – an approximate average of the round trip time for communications via geosynchronous satellites
• 500 milliseconds – an eighth note at 60 BPM
• 770 milliseconds – revolution period of a 78 rpm record
• 860 milliseconds – average human resting heart cycle time
• 1000 milliseconds – one second; the period of a 1  Hz oscillator
• 86,400,000 (24 × 60 × 60 × 1000) milliseconds – one day
• 604,800,000 (24 × 60 × 60 × 1000 × 7) milliseconds – one week
• 31,556,925,974.7 (86,400,000 × approximately 365.242) milliseconds – one year
• 31,556,908,800... or (31,556,925,974.7 × approximately 10) milliseconds – one decade

See also

• International System of Units
• Second
• Microsecond
• Nanosecond
• Picosecond
• Femtosecond
• Attosecond

References

1. "Units: M". How Many? A Dictionary of Units of Measurement.
2. New Oxford Dictionary
3. Google nGrams shows them as much less than 0.5% of "millisecond" nGrams comparison of word frequency of centisecond and decisecond vs. millisecond
4. "The Moon landings". UK Metric Association. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
5. Ovchar, Illya (2022-04-16). "What Is Flash Duration in Photography?". PetaPixel. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
6. Van Sickle, Jan; A. Dutton, John. "The C/A Code". PennState College of Earth and Mineral Sciences. Retrieved 25 February 2025.
7. "Seamless Gearbox".
8. "Deciphering the Mystery of Bee Flight". California Institute of Technology. 2005-11-29. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
9. R. Lorimer, Duncan (18 June 2001). "Binary and Millisecond Pulsars at the New Millennium". Living Reviews in Relativity. 4 (1): 5. arXiv: astro-ph/0104388 . Bibcode:2001LRR.....4....5L. doi: 10.12942/lrr-2001-5 . PMC   5256072 . PMID   28179858.
10. "Blink and you miss it". 2005-08-03.

External links

• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)