Monument to victims of the attack against Alfonso XIII

Last updated
Former monument in 1908 Monumento a las victimas del atentado contra Alfonso XIII, de Goni, Blanco y Negro, 07-11-1908.jpg
Former monument in 1908

The monument to victims of the attack against Alfonso XIII, is a monument in Madrid, Spain, as well as a former monument that it replaced.

The current, smaller monument stands in the square formed by the confluence of the calles Mayor, del Sacramento and Pretil de los Consejos, near the Church of the Sacrament and the Palacio de los Consejos.

It was built in 1963, replacing an earlier sculpture, far greater than the current one, that was constructed in 1908 and dismantled by the Second Republic (1931–1939). It is located opposite the place where an attempt was made against the life of King Alfonso XIII on 31 May 1906, the day on which he married Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg.

The attack

The assassination attempt occurred during the wedding parade held at the end of the religious ceremony of the Hieronymites, as the king was returning to the Royal Palace in the middle of a large crowd. The delegation was composed of 19 royal carriages and 22 corresponding to the grandees of Spain.

The Catalan anarchist Mateu Morral, inspired by the anarchist movement in Spain, threw a homemade bomb, disguised in a bouquet of flowers, from the top floor of the building at Calle Mayor number 84, where the popular tavern Casa Ciriaco is located. The bomb was directed against the carriage carrying the royal couple but bounced off and ended up exploding into the crowd.

The king and queen were uninjured, but almost thirty were killed and a hundred wounded, in what is the second bloodiest attack in the history of the city, after the 2004 Madrid train bombings.

First monument

Former Monument to victims of the attack against Alfonso XIII; behind it is the Iglesia del Sacramento. Former Monument to victims of the attack of May 31, 1906 against Alfonso XIII.jpg
Former Monument to victims of the attack against Alfonso XIII; behind it is the Iglesia del Sacramento.

The first monument was designed by the architect Enrique Repullés y Vargas and executed by the sculptor Aniceto Marinas. It was completed in 1908, from an initiative of the Duchess of la Conquista.

At its summit was a sculpture of the Virgin of Beautiful Love, referring to the day the attack occurred, on which is celebrated this Catholic feast day. The sculpture was atop a large pedestal consisting of three columns, symbolizing the people, the army and the aristocracy. Several groups of floral wreaths climbed the columns to the feet of the Virgin.

At its base, the monument was widened to accommodate several tombstones, on which were inscribed the names of the deceased. The figure of an angel guarded the pedestal.

Current monument Madrid - Memorial de las victimas del atentado contra Alfonso XIII (1906).JPG
Current monument

After its dismantling by the Second Republic, the remains of this work were spread across various places in the city. Some of its elements, including the aforementioned tombstones, were used to erect another monument, intended for the regimental headquarters of Wad Ras, and others were stored in municipal warehouses. [1]

Parts of the pedestal are now preserved in the Parque de Olof Palme, in the District of Usera.

Current monument

On 13 July 1949 the Madrid municipal government held a competition for the design of a new monument in memory of the attack. The winning design, by Santiago Otalba Hernández, was a sculptural group comprising images of the Immaculate Conception and two angels holding the royal arms, along with a cross of dark granite with bronze embellishments. However, the project failed to materialize, with the resignation of the artist.

It took more than a decade to achieve the current monument, designed by Madrilenian sculptor Federico Coullaut-Valera and completed in 1963. It was not until 1970 that there was added a marble plaque with the commemorative legend "In memory of the victims of the attack against Their Majesties Don Alfonso XIII and Doña Victoria Eugenie on 31 May 1906".

The monument consists of a bronze sculpture of a semi-kneeling angel, holding a scroll in his hands, on a granite pedestal, behind which rises a simple stone monolith that surpasses him in height. It measures 2.6 metres (8.5 ft) high and 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) wide and is made of limestone veneer. On its main face, behind the angel, is a bronze plaque, on which there appears in relief a shield of Madrid stamped with the royal crown, surrounded by herbal decoration.

Related Research Articles

Victoria Eugenie of Battenberg Queen consort of Spain and Princess of Battenberg

Victoria Eugenie Julia Ena of Battenberg was Queen of Spain as the wife of King Alfonso XIII. A Hessian princess by birth, she was a member of the Battenberg family, a morganatic branch of the House of Hesse-Darmstadt. She was a relative of the British royal family as a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. Unlike other members of the Battenberg family, who were accorded the lower rank of Serene Highness, Victoria Eugenie was born with the rank of Highness due to a Royal Warrant issued in 1886 by Queen Victoria.

National War Memorial (Newfoundland)

The National War Memorial in Downtown St. John's is the most elaborate of all the post World War I monuments in Newfoundland and Labrador. It was erected at King's Beach on Water Street where, in 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert claimed Newfoundland for England. It was formally unveiled on Memorial Day, July 1, 1924 by Field Marshal Douglas Haig, 1st Earl Haig.

Monument to Nicholas I Equestrian statue in Saint Petersburg

The Monument to Nicholas I is a bronze equestrian monument of Nicholas I of Russia on St Isaac's Square in Saint Petersburg, Russia. Created by French sculptor Auguste de Montferrand and unveiled on July 7 [O.S. June 25] , 1859, the six-meter statue was considered a technical wonder at the time of its creation. It is one of only a few bronze statues with only two support points. Another example is the 1852 equestrian statue of U.S. President Andrew Jackson.

Ricardo Bellver

Ricardo Bellver was a Spanish sculptor.

Rizal Monument

The Rizal Monument is a memorial in Rizal Park in Manila, Philippines built to commemorate the executed Filipino nationalist, José Rizal. The monument consists of a standing bronze sculpture of Rizal, with an obelisk, set on a stone base within which his remains are interred, holding his 2 famous novels "El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere". A plaque on the pedestal's front reads: "To the memory of José Rizal, patriot and martyr, executed on Bagumbayan Field December Thirtieth 1896. This monument is dedicated by the people of the Philippine Islands."

Collyer Monument United States historic place

Collyer Monument is an historic monument to firefighters in Mineral Spring Park, at the corner of Mineral Spring Avenue and Main Street, in Pawtucket, Rhode Island, United States. The monument was built in 1890 by the sculptor Charles Parker Dowler to honor Samuel Smith Collyer, a fallen Pawtucket Fire Chief. The life-size bronze sculpture stands atop a pedestal of Westerly granite, which has a bronze plaque depicting the fatal accident while the reverse bears an inscription. The memorial represents a significant example of monumental work of the period and an early example of local civic pride. The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.

Monument to Alfonso XII Monument by José Grases Riera in Madrid, Spain

The Monument to Alfonso XII is located in Buen Retiro Park, Madrid, Spain. The monument is situated on the east edge of an artificial lake near the center of the park.

<i>Spanish–American War Soldiers Monument</i> Sculpture and war memorial in Portland, Oregon

The Spanish–American War Soldier's Monument, also known as the Spanish–American War Memorial or simply Soldiers Monument, is an outdoor sculpture and war memorial monument honoring the dead of the 2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry Regiment of the Spanish–American War and Philippine–American War, who fought to liberate the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam from the Spanish empire, and colonize them on behalf of the American empire. The monument was created by American artist Douglas Tilden and located in Lownsdale Square, in the Plaza Blocks of downtown Portland, Oregon. It features a bronze statue on a marble pedestal and granite base. The monument is part of the City of Portland and Multnomah County Public Art Collection courtesy of the Regional Arts & Culture Council.

<i>Mourning Angel</i>

Mourning Angel is a public monument in the Russian city of Tolyatti. It is a memorial to victims of political repression.

There are several monuments to commemorate the Haymarket affair.

Morral affair

The Morral affair was the attempted regicide of Spanish King Alfonso XIII and his bride, Victoria Eugenie, on their wedding day, May 31, 1906, and its subsequent effects. The attacker, Mateu Morral, acting on a desire to spur revolution, threw a bomb concealed in a flower bouquet from his hotel window as the King's procession passed, killing 24 bystanders and soldiers, wounding over 100 others, and leaving the royals unscathed. Morral sought refuge from republican journalist José Nakens but fled in the night to Torrejón de Ardoz, whose villagers reported the interloper. Two days after the attack, militiamen accosted Morral, who killed one before killing himself. Morral was likely involved in a similar attack on the king a year prior.

Monument to Simón Bolívar (Madrid)

Simón Bolívar or the Monument to Simón Bolívar is an instance of public art located in Madrid, Spain. Dedicated to Simón Bolívar "el Libertador", key figure in the emancipation of several Latin American nations, it consists of a bronze equestrian statue put on a stone pedestal.

Statue of Cervantes (Madrid) Monument in plaza de las Cortes, Madrid

Miguel de Cervantes or the Statue of Cervantes is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Erected in 1835, it is dedicated to Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra. It lies on the Plaza de las Cortes, in front of the Congress of Deputies.

Monument to Quevedo (Madrid) Monument in Madrid

Quevedo or the Monument to Quevedo is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. A work by Agustín Querol, it is dedicated to Francisco de Quevedo, distinguished writer of the Baroque era.

Monument to General Martínez Campos Monument in Madrid

The Monument to General Martínez Campos is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Designed by Mariano Benlliure, it consists of an sculptural ensemble presided by a equestrian statue of General Arsenio Martínez Campos, who played a key role in bringing the Bourbon Restoration by leading the coup d'etat of Sagunto in 1874. It lies on the centre of the plaza de Guatemala, in El Retiro.

Monument to General Perón (Madrid) Monument in Madrid

The Monument to General Perón is an instance of public art in Madrid, Spain. Located at the namesake avenue, it consists of a bronze statue of the Argentine president and general Juan Domingo Perón designed by Agustín de la Herrán put on top of a granite pedestal.

Monument to Daoiz and Velarde (Segovia) Monument in Segovia

The Monument to Daoiz and Velarde is an instance of public art in Segovia, Spain. Designed by Aniceto Marinas, it is a memorial to Luis Daoiz y Torres and Pedro Velarde y Santillán, two Spanish artillery officers who fell fighting against the French army at the 1808 Dos de Mayo Uprising, in the context of the Peninsular War. It is located near the Alcázar of Segovia.

Monument to Agustina de Aragón (Zaragoza) Monument in Zaragoza

Agustina Zaragoza y las Heroínas or the Monument to Agustina de Aragón is an instance of public art in Zaragoza, Spain. Designed by Mariano Benlliure, it consists of a bronze statue of Agustina de Aragón topping off a stone pedestal that displays two other sculptural groups and a number of reliefs. The latter subsidiarily pay homage to another six heroines of the Zaragozan theatre of the Peninsular War.

Monument to the heroes of Puente Sampayo Sculptural group in Pontevedra, Spain

The Monument to the Heroes of Puente Sampayo is a memorial and sculptural group created by the Spanish sculptor Julio González Pola, located in Pontevedra, Spain.

References

Coordinates: 40°24′54″N3°42′45″W / 40.41502°N 3.71239°W / 40.41502; -3.71239