Mosambaye Singa Boyenge | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Birth name | Alexandre Singa Boyenge |
| Born | October 10, 1932 Eastern Province (Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Died | July 21, 2001 (aged 68) Kinshasa |
| Allegiance |  Democratic Republic of Congo |
| Years of service | 1960–1980 |
| Rank | General |
General Mosambaye Singa Boyenge, born Alexandre Singa Boyenge on October 10, 1932, in Eastern Province (Democratic Republic of Congo) and died on July 21, 2001, in Kinshasa, was a Congolese soldier and statesman.
He became a lieutenant in 1960, at the independence of the former Belgian Congo, and rose to the rank of army general in January 1980.
After the fighting of the secession of Katanga in 1963, those against the rebellion of the troops of the East a year later, the confrontation in Kivu and in the Eastern province of Jean Schrame and the war of "80 days" where it succeeds to repel the invaders from Zairian territory, he was appointed military governor of Shaba (present-day Katanga) at the end of the so-called "6-day" battle in 1978. [1]
General Singa Boyenge also held political office in the Popular Movement of the Revolution (MPR). In the diplomatic field, he was also a military attache at the Zaire embassy in Rome in 1969, and ambassador of Zaire in Uganda in 1970. [2]
On June 11, 1975, as chief of the gendarmerie at that time, he led a revolutionary commission to investigate the coup d'état against the government (now known as "The coup d'etat monté et manqué"). This commission arrested several army officers, accused of conspiracy against Mobutu (attempted assassination), high treason and disclosure of military secrets. [3] [4]
The Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the state organisation responsible for defending the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The FARDC was rebuilt patchily as part of the peace process which followed the end of the Second Congo War in July 2003.
Laurent-Désiré Kabila or simply Laurent Kabila, was a Congolese revolutionary and politician who was the third President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1997 until his assassination in 2001.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo, informally Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo, the DRC, the DROC, or the Congo, and formerly and also colloquially Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered to the northwest by the Republic of the Congo, to the north by the Central African Republic, to the northeast by South Sudan, to the east by Uganda, Rwanda and Burundi, and by Tanzania, to the south and southeast by Zambia, to the southwest by Angola, and to the west by the South Atlantic Ocean and the Cabinda exclave of Angola. By area, it is the second-largest country in Africa and the 11th-largest in the world. With a population of around 108 million, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is the most populous officially Francophone country in the world. The capital and largest city is Kinshasa, which is also the nation's economic center.
Moïse Kapenda Tshombe was a Congolese businessman and politician. He served as the president of the secessionist State of Katanga from 1960 to 1963 and as prime minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo from 1964 to 1965.
The Congo Crisis was a period of political upheaval and conflict between 1960 and 1965 in the Republic of the Congo. The crisis began almost immediately after the Congo became independent from Belgium and ended, unofficially, with the entire country under the rule of Joseph-Désiré Mobutu. Constituting a series of civil wars, the Congo Crisis was also a proxy conflict in the Cold War, in which the Soviet Union and the United States supported opposing factions. Around 100,000 people are believed to have been killed during the crisis.
South Kasai was an unrecognised secessionist state within the Republic of the Congo which was semi-independent between 1960 and 1962. Initially proposed as only a province, South Kasai sought full autonomy in similar circumstances to the much larger neighbouring state of Katanga, to its south, during the political turmoil arising from the independence of the Belgian Congo known as the Congo Crisis. Unlike Katanga, however, South Kasai did not explicitly declare full independence from the Republic of the Congo or reject Congolese sovereignty.
The State of Katanga also sometimes denoted as the Republic of Katanga, was a breakaway state that proclaimed its independence from Congo-Léopoldville on 11 July 1960 under Moise Tshombe, leader of the local Confédération des associations tribales du Katanga (CONAKAT) political party. The new Katangese state did not enjoy full support throughout the province and was constantly plagued by ethnic strife in its northernmost region. It was dissolved in 1963 following an invasion by United Nations Operation in the Congo (ONUC) forces, and reintegrated with the rest of the country as Katanga Province.
Articles related to the Democratic Republic of the Congo include:
The Congolese National Liberation Front is a political party funded by rebels of Katangese origin and composed of ex-members of the Katangese Gendarmerie. It was active mainly in Angola and Zaire during the 1970s.
The Republic of the Congo was a sovereign state in Central Africa, created with the independence of the Belgian Congo in 1960. From 1960 to 1966, the country was also known as Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its northwestern neighbor, which is also called the Republic of the Congo, alternatively known as "Congo-Brazzaville". In 1964, the state's official name was changed to the Democratic Republic of the Congo, but the two countries continued to be distinguished by their capitals; with the renaming of Léopoldville as Kinshasa in 1966, it became also known as Congo-Kinshasa. After Joseph Désiré Mobutu, renamed Mobutu Sese Seko in 1972, commander-in-chief of the national army, seized control of the country, it became the Republic of Zaire in 1971. It would again become the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 1997. The period between 1960 and 1964 is referred to as the First Congolese Republic.
The Republican Guard of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, formerly known as the Special Presidential Security Group, is maintained by President Félix Tshisekedi. Military of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC) military officials state that the Garde Républicaine is not the responsibility of FARDC, but the Head of State. Apart from Article 140 of the Law on the Army and Defence, no legal stipulation on the DRC's Armed Forces makes provision for the GR as a distinct unit within the national army. In February 2005, President Joseph Kabila passed a decree which appointed the GR's commanding officer and 'repealed any previous provisions contrary' to that decree. The GR is more than 10,000 strong, and formerly consisted of three brigades, the 10th, at Kinshasa, the 15th, and the 16th, at Lubumbashi. It has better working conditions and is paid regularly, but still commits numerous crimes near their bases, including against United Nations officials.
The Land Forces, also called the Congolese Army, are the land warfare component and the largest branch of the Armed Forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (FARDC).
This is a list of Chiefs of Staff of the armed forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zaire.
Louis de Gonzague Bobozo was a Congolese military officer who served as commander-in-chief of the Armée Nationale Congolaise from 1965 until 1972.
Rémy Mwamba (1921–1967) was a Congolese politician who twice served as Minister of Justice of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. He was also a leading figure of the Association Générale des Baluba du Katanga (BALUBAKAT).
The Zairian Civil Guard was a militarised police force in Zaire, created to support the regime of Mobutu Sese Seko.
Frédéric Vandewalle was a Belgian colonel and diplomat in the Belgian Congo and independent Congo. He was an influential figure right before and after Congo's independence from Belgium. He was one of the organisers of the Katangese secession and led Operation Ommegang against the Simba rebellion during the Congo Crisis. His precise role in the assassination of Patrice Lumumba is the subject of debate among historians.
Pierre Yambuya Lotika Kibesi was a Zairean helicopter pilot, civil servant, and political refugee.
Jean-Baptiste Kibwe Pampala Uwitwa was a Congolese and Katangese politician who was the Minister of Justice and Vice-President of the State of Katanga.
During the presidency of President Mobutu Sese Seko of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, later Republic of Zaire (1965-1997), social and political rights were strongly curtailed. As a consequence, several Congolese/Zairean citizens went into exile for political reasons.