Motor Launch

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Motor Launch ML 59.jpg
A WW I motor launch - ML 59
Class overview
Builders Elco
OperatorsNaval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg  Royal Navy
Built1915–1918
In commission1915–1920s
Completed580
General characteristics ML.1–50 series
TypeMotor launch
Displacement34 t
Length75 ft (23 m)
Propulsion Petrol engine
Speed19  kn (35 km/h)
Complement8
Armament
General characteristics ML.51–550 series
TypeMotor launch
Displacement37 t
Length86 ft (26 m)
Propulsion Petrol engine
Speed19  kn (35 km/h)
Complement6
Armament
General characteristics ML.551–580
TypeMotor launch
Displacement37 t
Length80 ft (24 m)
Speed19  kn (35 km/h)
Complement8
Armament
  • 1 × 13-pdr
  • later replaced with 1 × 3-pdr

A motor launch (ML) is a small military vessel in Royal Navy service. It was designed for harbour defence and submarine chasing or for armed high-speed air-sea rescue. Some vessels for water police service are also known as motor launches.

Contents

World War I service

Although small by naval standards, it was larger than the preceding steam or diesel-engined harbour launches of 56ft and coastal motor boats of 40 and 55 ft length. The first motor launches entered service in the First World War. These were five hundred and eighty 80-foot-long (24 m) vessels built by the US Elco company for the Admiralty, receiving the numbers ML-1 to ML-580. They served with the Royal Navy between 1916 and the end of the war, defending the British coast from German submarines. [1] Some of the earliest examples, including ML 1, also served in the Persian Gulf from June 1916. After the Armistice of 11 November 1918 a flotilla of 12 Royal Navy motor launches travelled down the Rhine performing duty as the Rhine Patrol Flotilla. [2] The only known surviving example of a World War I era motor launch is ML-286, which now lies in a poor condition on the banks of the River Thames.

World War II types

Royal Norwegian Navy motor launches off Dover during the Second World War. Ole Friele Backer norske marinefartoyer.jpg
Royal Norwegian Navy motor launches off Dover during the Second World War.
Examples
TypeLengthWeightSpeedBuiltTotalLostDesigned for
Fairmile A motor launch 110 ft (34 m)57 tons25 knots (46 km/h)193912 Submarine chasing, later minelaying
Fairmile B motor launch 112 ft (34 m)85 tons20 knots (37 km/h)1940-451,284 Submarine chasing, many later roles including air-sea rescue
Harbour Defence Motor Launch 72 ft (22 m)54 tons12 knots (22 km/h)1940-4548647Defending harbours; anti-submarine
BPBC Type Two 63 ft High Speed Launch " Whaleback"63 ft (19 m)21.5 tons36 knots (67 km/h)1940-4270RAF air-sea rescue downed aircrew, particularly in the English Channel

The BPBC Type Two was succeeded by the Type Three 68 ft "Hants and Dorset".


Post-war, many motor launches were taken on as pleasure boats. A number of them are on the National Register of Historic Vessels. [3]

See also

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References

  1. Gardiner, p. 101
  2. Jeffrey Charles. "The Rhine Patrol Flotilla Part I: Establishment of the Flotilla".
  3. Gardiner and Chesneau, p. 71