In Shia Islam, the Imamah is a doctrine. According to which, certain personalities from the lineage of Prophet Muhammad, are leaders and guides of the ummah after the death of the Prophet. further that Imams possess, divine knowledge and authority (Ismah) as well as being part of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of Muhammad. These Imams have the role of providing commentary and interpretation of the Quran as well as guidance.
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad was the 11th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam, after his father Ali al-Hadi. He was also called Abu Muhammad and Ibn al-Ridha. Because Samarra, the city where he lived, was a garrison town, he is generally known as al-Askari. Al-Askari married Narjis Khatun and was kept under house arrest or in prison for most of his life. According to some Shia sources, he was poisoned at the age of 28 on the orders of the Abbasid caliph Al-Mu'tamid and was buried in Samarra. It was known that many Shia were looking forward to the succession of his son, Muhammad al-Mahdi, as they believed him to be the twelfth Imam, who was destined to remove injustice from the world.
The Alids are the dynasties descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib, cousin and son-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims consider him the First Imam appointed by Muhammad and the first rightful caliph.
Narjis was reportedly the wife of Imam Hasan al-Askari and the mother of the final Imam of Twelver Shia Islam. Her name has been recorded as Narjis, Saiyra, Katrina, Lilliana, and Anna in books. more sources have described her as a "Roman princess" who pretended to be a slave so that she might travel from her kingdom to Arabia. Mohammad Ali Amir-Moezzi, in Encyclopedia of Iranica, suggests that the last version is "undoubtedly legendary and hagiographic". According to Ibn Babawayh's account, Narjis saw Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Fatimah, the daughter of Muhammad, in her dreams and asked for her hand in marriage with Hassan al-Askari.
Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah, also known as Abu Hashim was a member of the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraish tribe in Mecca. He was one of the Salaf and a Narrator of hadith. After Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya died, his son Abu Hashim claimed the imamate. According to medieval mystic Jami, Abd-Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah was the first person to be called a "Sufi".
The Mahdi is an eschatological redeemer of Islam who, according to some Islamic traditions, will appear and rule for five, seven, nine, or nineteen years before the Day of Judgment and rid the world of evil.
The Major Occultation, according to Shia, is Mahdi's second occultation. According to Twelvers the Major Occultation which came around 329/941 is still in effect, and will not end until the End of Time when the Mahdi returns to reestablish Justice on earth.
Uthman ibn Sa'id al-Asadi was the first of the four deputies in Twelver Shia Islam, who was appointed as an agent and deputy of Muhammad al-Mahdi while the latter was in the minor occultation After ibn Sa'id's death, his son Abu Jafar Muhammad ibn Uthman was appointed as the second deputy by Muhammad al-Mahdi.
In Twelver Shia Islam, Abul Hasan Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri was the fourth and last of The Four Deputies appointed by the twelfth and final Imam Mahdi, while he was in the Minor Occultation. Unlike his predecessors he had no appointed successor, and the Major Occultation began after his death.
The Occultation in Shia Islam refers to a belief that the messianic figure, or Mahdi, who in Shi'i thought is an infallible male descendant of the founder of Islam, Muhammad, was born but disappeared, and will one day return and fill the world with justice and peace. Some Shia, such as the Nizari, do not believe in the idea of the Occultation.
In addition to the three mosques accepted by all Muslims as holy sites, Shi'ite Muslims consider sites associated with Muhammad, his family members and descendants, to be holy. After Mecca and Medina, Najaf, Karbala and Jerusalem are the most revered by Shias.
Muhammad ibn Ali ibne-Muhammed Nakî‘yyî’l-Hâdî was the son of Ali al-Hadi and the brother of Hasan al-Askari, the 10th and 11th Twelver Shia Imams, respectively. His Tomb was constructed between Samarra and Kazmeen that is situated about 93 kilometers north of Baghdad in Balad. Syed Muhammad Gaisu Daraaz was his grandson in 7th generation born in 1320/21 AD.
The Muhammadite Shia were a Shia sect who believed that due to the supposed lack of a son for Hasan al-Askari, they had to rethink the legitimacy of his Imamate. Therefore, they instead believed in the Imamate of his brother Muhammad ibn Ali al-Hadi, who died 7 years before the death of his father. However, the Muhammadites denied the death of Muhammad, and claimed that his father had pointed to him and appointed him as the Imam to succeed himself, and had mentioned him by his name and person. These beliefs, falsely according to them, are what were agreed by all.
The Khashabiyya Shia are an extinct subsect of the Zaidi branch of Shia Islam. They originated as followers of Al-Mukhtar and hence would have been expected to be categorized under the Kaysanite Shia sect. The Khashabiyya Shia were later known in Khurasan as the Surkhabiyya.
Imam Muhammad may refer to:
Jafar b. Ali b. Muḥammad who was known to Ja’far Kazzab and he was the son of the tenth Imam, Ali al-Hadi. By adventures, he established Ja’fariyyas of the sect.
