National Police of Ukraine

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National Police of Ukraine
Національна поліція України
Patch Police of Ukraine.svg
Patch of the National Police
Ukrainian National Police logo.svg
Emblem of the National Police
Badge of National Police of Ukraine.svg
Badge of the National Police
Flag of Ukrainian National Police.svg
Flag of the National Police
Common namePolice of Ukraine
AbbreviationNPU
MottoTo serve and protect
(Служити і захищати)
Agency overview
Formed4 July, 2015
Preceding agency
Employees130,000
  • 119,000 police officers
  • 11,000 civil personnel
Annual budget35,6 billion UAH (2022)
Jurisdictional structure
National agency Ukraine
Operations jurisdiction Ukraine
Size603,629 km²
Population44 million (approx.)
Governing body Government of Ukraine
Constituting instrument
  • Law on "National Police"
General nature
Operational structure
Overviewed by Ministry of Internal Affairs
Headquarters10, Academician Bohomolets
str., Kyiv, Flag of Ukraine.svg  Ukraine [1]
Agency executive
Facilities
Patrol cars Toyota Prius
Hyundai Sonata
Renault Duster
Mitsubishi Outlander
Škoda Rapid
Notables
Anniversary
  • Police Day, July 4 [3]
Website
Official website

The National Police of Ukraine (Ukrainian : Націона́льна полі́ція Украї́ни, romanized: Natsionálʹna polítsiya Ukrayíny, IPA:  [nɐt͡s⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnɐ poˈl⁽ʲ⁾it͡s⁽ʲ⁾ijɐ ʊkrɐˈjinɪ] ; abbr.НПУ, NPU), often simply referred to as the Politsiya (Поліція, 'Police'), is the national, and only, police service of Ukraine. It was formed on 3 July 2015, as part of the post-Euromaidan reforms launched by Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko, to replace Ukraine's previous national police service, the Militsiya. [4] [5] On 7 November 2015, all the remaining militsiya were labelled "temporary acting" members of the National Police. [4]

Contents

The agency is overseen by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. [6]

History

Prior to 3 July 2015, law enforcement in Ukraine was carried out directly by the Ministry of Internal Affairs as the militsiya . Plans to reform the ministry, which was widely known to be corrupt, had been advocated by various governments and parties, but these plans were never realised. [5] [7]

In the aftermath of the 2013–2014 Euromaidan movement and subsequent revolution, the need for reform was acknowledged by all parties. Parliamentary elections were held in October 2014, after which all five of the parties that formed the governing coalition pledged to reform the ministry and create a new national police service. [8]

As part of the reforms, the Minister of Internal Affairs, Arsen Avakov, presented plans to reduce the number of police officers in Ukraine to 160,000 by the end of 2015. [9] The reform plans started with the combination of the ministry's current State Auto Inspection (DAI) and the patrol service in the country's capital Kyiv in summer 2015. [10] [11] This new police patrol received funding from various countries. [12] 2,000 new policemen and women, picked from 33,000 applicants, were recruited to initiate the new service in Kyiv. Officers were trained in the North American style by police officers from the United States and Canada. [13]

23 August 2015 launch of the new patrol police in Lviv. Lviv Police Launch 10.JPG
23 August 2015 launch of the new patrol police in Lviv.

Upon the launch of Kyiv's new patrol police on 4 July 2015, the militsiya ceased all patrolling but continued working at precincts and administrative offices. [14] [12] [15] After that the new police patrol was rolled out across Ukraine. [12] The organisation was formally established as the National Police on 2 September 2015. [6] By late September 2015, 2,000 new constables were on duty in Kyiv, 800 were on duty in Kharkiv and 1,700 were on duty in the cities of Odesa and Lviv. [16] [14] At this point, the militsiya was 152,000 officers strong, and continued to handle most policing across Ukraine. [17] The basic salary of the new police force (almost $400 a month) is about three times as much the basic salary of the former militsiya; an attempt to decrease corruption. [18]

The new National Police officially replaced the old militsiya on 7 November 2015. [4] [19] On that day, the remaining militsiya were labelled "temporarily acting" members of the National Police. [4] The change allowed for them to become members of the National Police after "integrity checks", but they were only eligible if they met the age criteria and went through retraining. [4] [20] This transition period ended on 20 October 2016. [21] In this transition period 26% of police commanders were dismissed and 4,400 policemen and policewomen demoted and the same number of people promoted. [21]

Policeman by a destroyed police car during the Battle of Kharkiv at the Russian invasion of Ukraine Member of the Kharkiv police during the Russian attacks.jpg
Policeman by a destroyed police car during the Battle of Kharkiv at the Russian invasion of Ukraine

On 14 February 2022, the National Police was transferred to combat alert, as a response for the Russian military buildup and threat of the invasion. [22] The National Police and its tactical unit Rapid Operational Response Unit directly participated in hostilities against the invading Russian Armed Forces at the Kyiv offensive. [23] As the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine progressed, the National Police helped in the war effort by maintaining law and order in Ukrainian-controlled areas, escorting prisoners, operating checkpoints, capturing infiltrators and detaining prisoners of war. [24] [25] By 1 March, 17 policeman were killed, 50 injured and 2 missing in action. [25]

Terminology

According to Professor Oleksandr Ponomariv of the Kyiv University's Institute of Journalism, the correct Ukrainian language term for a police officer is 'politsiyant' (поліціянт). This is in contrast to the term 'politseysky' (поліцейський), a loan word from the Russian language, commonly used to refer to an officer of the National Police.

Ranks are rarely used by the public when addressing police officers in Ukraine; it is more common to hear the term Pan (Пан) (female - Pani (Пані) - Ukrainian for mister/miss - used to refer to police officers. Qualifying terms such as 'ofitser' (офіцер) or 'politseiskyi' (поліцейський) may also be used in conjunction with these forms of address.

Structure and branches

The National Police is divided into a number of different services. Each force has internal subdivisions. This leaves the police service with a large number of specialised branches which can more specifically target certain types of crime and apply more expert knowledge in the investigation of cases relating to their area of policing. In addition to these specific groups, all police forces retain a majority of officers for the purpose of patrol duty and general law enforcement.

The police contains the following subdivisions: [26]

In addition, the following special units exist:

Shoulder patches of the regional police subdivisions

Territorial forceDate of formation
Oblast / Municipality Police force
COA of Kyiv Kurovskyi.svg City of Kyiv Patch of Kiev Patrol Police.svg Kyiv Patrol Police4 July 2015 [27]
Coat of arms of Lviv.svg City of Lviv Patch of Lviv Patrol Police.svg Lviv Patrol Police23 August 2015 [28]
Arms of Odessa.svg City of Odesa Patch of Odesa Patrol Police.svg Odesa Patrol Police25 August 2015 [29]
Kharkiv-town-herb.svg City of Kharkiv Patch of Kharkiv Patrol Police.svg Kharkiv Patrol Police26 September 2015 [16]
COA of Kyiv Oblast m.svg Kyiv Oblast Patch of Kiev region Patrol Police.svg Kyiv Oblast Patrol Police7 October 2015 [30]
Coat of arms of the city of Uzhhorod.svg City of Uzhhorod Patch of Uzhhorod Patrol Police.png Uzhhorod Patrol Police29 November 2015 [31]
Mukachevo gerb.png City of Mukacheve Patch of Mukachevo Patrol Police.png Mukacheve Patrol Police29 November 2015 [31]
Coat of arms of Mykolaiv part.svg City of Mykolaiv Patch of Mykolaiv Patrol Police.png Mykolaiv Patrol Police6 December 2015 [32] [33]
Herb Lutsk.svg City of Lutsk Patch of Lutsk Patrol Police.svg Lutsk Patrol Police19 December 2015 [34]
Coat of Arms of Khmelnitsky.svg City of Khmelnytskyi Patch of Khmelnytskyi Patrol Police.svg Khmelnytskyi Patrol Police26 December 2015 [35]
Coat of arms of Dnipro.svg City of Dnipro Patch of Dnipropetrovsk Patrol Police.svg Dnipro Patrol Police17 January 2016 [36]
Ivano-Frankivsk COA.png City of Ivano-Frankivsk Patch of Ivano-Frankivsk Patrol Police.svg Ivano-Frankivsk Patrol Police30 January 2016 [37]
Coat of arms of Kherson.svg City of Kherson Patch of Kherson Patrol Police.png Kherson Patrol Police8 February 2016 [38]
Coat of Arms of Chernihiv.svg City of Chernihiv Patch of Chernigiv Patrol Police.svg Chernihiv Patrol Police19 February 2016 [39]
Coat of arms of Vinnycia.svg City of Vinnytsia Patch of Vinnytsia Patrol Police.png Vinnytsia Patrol Police22 February 2016 [40]
Coat of Arms of Kremenchuk.svg City of Kremenchuk Patch of Kremenchuk Patrol Police.png Kremenchuk Patrol Police27 February 2016 [41]
COA Cherkasy, Cherkaska, Ukraine.svg City of Cherkasy Patch of Cherkasy Patrol Police.png Cherkasy Patrol Police1 March 2016 [42]
Poltava coat.svg City of Poltava Patch of Poltava Patrol Police.svg Poltava Patrol Police5 March 2016 [43]
Coat of arms of Ternopil.svg City of Ternopil Patch of Ternopil Patrol Police.png Ternopil Patrol Police12 March 2016 [44]
Coat of Arms of Zhytomyr.svg City of Zhytomyr Patch of Zhytomyr Patrol Police (lesser).svg Zhytomyr Patrol Police22 March 2016 [45]
Coat of Arms Boryspil.png City of Boryspil Patch of Boryspil Patrol Police.jpg Boryspil Patrol Police24 March 2016 [46]
Cernivtsi gerb.png City of Chernivtsi Patch of Chernivtsi Patrol Police.png Chernivtsi Patrol Police27 March 2016 [47]
Gerb Zaporozh'ia 2003 goda.svg City of Zaporizhia Patch of Zaporizhia Patrol Police.png Zaporizhia Patrol Police16 April 2016 [48]
Coat of arms Rivne.svg City of Rivne Patch of Riwne Patrol Police.svg Rivne Patrol Police19 April 2016 [49]
Small Coat of Arms of Kirovohrad.png City of Kropyvnytskyi Patch of Kirovohrad Patrol Police.png Kropyvnytskyi Patrol Police28 April 2016 [50]
Sumy-COA.PNG City of Sumy Patch of Sumy Patrol Police.png Sumy Patrol Police12 May 2016 [51]
Kramatorsk gerb.png City of Kramatorsk Patch of Kramatorsk Patrol Police (greater).png Kramatorsk Patrol Police14 May 2016 [52]
Coat of Arms of Sloviansk.png City of Sloviansk Patch of Kramatorsk-Sloviansk Patrol Police (greater).png Sloviansk Patrol Police14 May 2016 [52]
Coat of Arms of Kryvyi Rih.svg City of Kryvyi Rih Patch of Kryvyi Rih Patrol Police (greater).png Kryvyi Rih Patrol Police19 May 2016 [53]
Severodoneck gerb.png Sievierodonetsk Patch of Syevyerodonetsk Patrol Police.png Sievierodonetsk Patrol Police22 May 2016 [54]
Coat of Arms of Lysychansk.svg Lysychansk Patch of Sievierodonetsk-Rubizhne-Lysychansk Patrol Police (lesser).png Lysychansk Patrol Police22 May 2016 [54]
Rubezhnoe gerb.png Rubizhne Patch of Sievierodonetsk-Rubizhne-Lysychansk Patrol Police (lesser).png Rubizhne Patrol Police22 May 2016 [54]
Mariupol gerb.png Mariupol Patch of Mariupol Patrol Police.png Mariupol Patrol Police30 May 2016 [55]

Rank hierarchy

Officers

Rank groupGeneral/flag officersSenior officersJunior officersOfficer cadet
Staff officersSupervisory officersSenior officers
Flag of Ukrainian National Police.svgUkraineNo equivalent
Ukrainian police shoulder mark 14.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 13.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 12.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 11.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 10.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 09.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 08.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 07.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 06.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 05.svg
First division general
Генерал поліції 1-го рангу
Second division general
Генерал поліції 2-го рангу
Third division general
Генерал поліції 3-го рангу
Colonel
Полковник поліції
Lieutenant colonel
Підполковник поліції
Major
Майор поліції
Captain
Капітан поліції
Senior lieutenant
Старший лейтенант поліції
Lieutenant
Лейтенант поліції
Junior lieutenant
Молодший лейтенант поліції

Junior officers

Rank groupSenior NCOsJunior NCOsEnlisted
Junior officers
Flag of Ukrainian National Police.svgUkraineNo equivalent
Ukrainian police shoulder mark 04.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 03.svg Ukrainian police shoulder mark 02.svg No equivalent Ukrainian police shoulder mark 01.svg
Staff sergeant
Старший сержант
Sergeant
Сержант
Corporal
junior sergeant
Капрал
Constable
police officer
Рядовий поліції

Equipment

Officers wear a camera that is constantly monitoring their performances. [14] The resulting videos are posted on social media and broadcast on a reality TV show. [14]

Vehicles

PictureMake and modelCountry of originUseQuantityNotes
Ukrainian police patrol.jpg Toyota Prius Flag of Japan.svg
Japan
Patrol car 1,568General purpose patrol car.
Supplied by Japan in return for Ukrainian emissions permits under the Kyoto Protocol.
Sluzhbovii avtomobil' patrul'noyi politsiyi Khiundai Sonata.jpg Hyundai Sonata Flag of South Korea.svg
South Korea
Highway patrol car 110Highway patrol car.
Former taxis operated under the SkyTaxi brand by Kyiv's Boryspil International Airport. Owned by the state and transferred to the police as surplus to SkyTaxi's requirements.
Sluzhbovii avtomobil' patrul'noyi politsiyi Isuzu D-Max.jpg Isuzu D-Max Flag of Japan.svg
Japan
Patrol car 38Procured for the police in the Western Ukrainian region of Volyn.
Mitsubishi Outlander Ukraine Police.jpg Mitsubishi Outlander Flag of Japan.svg
Japan
Patrol car 635Were bought by in 2017.
Sluzhbovii avtomobil' patrul'noyi politsiyi Reno Doker.jpg Renault Dokker Flag of Morocco.svg
Morocco
Police van192Badged as Renault and based on the Dacia Dokker. Assembled in Morocco.
Sluzhbovii avtomobil' patrul'noyi politsiyi Renault Duster.jpg Renault Duster Flag of Romania.svg
Romania
Patrol car 140+Badged as Renault and based on the Dacia Duster. Assembled in Romania. [56]
UAZ Patriot - przod(MSP16).jpg UAZ Patriot Flag of Russia.svg
Russia
Patrol car >20Were bought before 2014 by former Ukrainian Militsya [57]
Lada Niva front 20080228.jpg Lada Niva Flag of Russia.svg
Russia
Patrol car 9Were bought by Poltava Police in 2016. [58]
Ukraine Police Raketa-Futong FT 150.jpg Raketa-Futong FT 150 Flag of the People's Republic of China.svg
China
Flag of Ukraine.svg
Ukraine
Police motorcycle
Robinson-R44 1.jpg Robinson R44 Flag of the United States.svg
United States
Helicopter1Is used to maintain public order during mass events
Fiat Tipo Security Police Ukraine.jpg Fiat Tipo Flag of Turkey.svg
Turkey
Patrol Car 20Bought for Kyiv security police
Jetta 07-07-2019 (cropped).jpg Volkswagen Jetta Flag of Germany.svg
Germany
Patrol car bought in 2019
Skoda Rapid Police Ukraine.jpg Škoda Rapid Flag of the Czech Republic.svg
Czech Republic
Flag of Ukraine.svg
Ukraine
Patrol car 400First cars delivered in 2018. Assembled in Ukraine.
Peugeot 301 Flag of France.svg
France
Patrol car

Police Day

A corps of drums from the National Police. Ukrainian Independence Day 2019 03.jpg
A corps of drums from the National Police.

National Police Day (День Націона́льної полі́ції, Denʹ Nacionálʹnoyi políciyi, Ukrainian pronunciation:  [dɛnʲ nɐt͡s⁽ʲ⁾ioˈnɑlʲnoji poˈl⁽ʲ⁾it͡s⁽ʲ⁾iji] ) on 4 July [59] is the professional holiday of the Ukrainian Police. It commemorates the suspension of law enforcement duties by the Militsiya and the establishment of the National Police of Ukraine. It also coincides with the first oath of patrol policemen on Kyiv's Sofia Square. The holiday was introduced and first celebrated on 4 August 2015 and was celebrated on that day ever since until President Petro Poroshenko, by decree on 4 April 2018, declared that the holiday should be celebrated annually on 4 July and become a national holiday. [60]

Issues

Ukrayinska Pravda collected (from open sources) 64 crimes allegedly committed by Ukrainian police officers from 1 January 2020 until 30 May 2020. [61] Cases ranged from extortion to rape to killings. [61]

See also

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References

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