Naworth Castle

Naworth Castle
Naworth Castle
Brampton, Cumbria, England
	Aerial photograph of Naworth Castle
	Naworth Castle Location in the City of Carlisle district, Cumbria Naworth Castle Location in Cumbria, England
Coordinates	54°57′20″N2°41′20″W / 54.95556°N 2.68889°W Coordinates: 54°57′20″N2°41′20″W / 54.95556°N 2.68889°W
Grid reference	grid reference NY559625
Site history
Materials	Stone

Last updated September 10, 2022

Naworth Castle, also known or recorded in historical documents as "Naward", is a castle in Cumbria, England, near the town of Brampton. It is adjacent to the A69, about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Brampton. It is on the opposite side of the River Irthing to, and just within sight of, Lanercost Priory. It was the seat of the Barons Dacre and is now that of their cognatic descendants, the Earls of Carlisle. It is a Grade I listed building.^[1]

History

The castle is thought to have late 13th-century origins, in the form of a square keep and bailey. It was first mentioned in 1323, and in 1335, a licence to crenellate was granted to Ralph Dacre.

Thomas Dacre (1467–1525), who commanded the reserve of the English army at the Battle of Flodden and was known as "the Builder Dacre", built the castle's gateway and placed over it his coat of arms with the Dacre family motto below: Fort en Loialte (Norman-French: "Strong in Loyalty").^[2]

It is likely that the 18th-century walled garden lies within the boundaries of the original moat. In June 1568, when Mary, Queen of Scots was at Carlisle Castle, it was mentioned that "Naward Castle is moated about, and much stronger for her detention". Although Naworth was "strong, and fit" for Mary, there was no store of wine and beer at the castle.^[3]

Further additions were made in 1602 for Lord William Howard. He purchased back the Dacre family estate from King James and took up residence with his children and grandchildren at Naworth Castle. He restored the castle, improved the estate and established order in that part of the country. He had a large family of children, of whom Philip, his heir, was the grandfather of Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Carlisle, and his younger son Francis was the ancestor of the Howards of Corby.

William Morris, the artist and socialist, stayed at the castle in August 1874. In a letter to Aglaia Coronio, he writes "...all is very pleasant. Ned & I pass our mornings in a most delightful room in one of the towers that has not been touched since William Howard of Queen Elizabeth's time lived there: the whole place is certainly the most poetical in England."^[4]

From 1939 to 1940, Naworth was occupied by Rossall School from Fleetwood in Lancashire, which had been evacuated from its own buildings by various government departments.

It is currently occupied by the Hon. Philip Howard, younger brother and heir presumptive of the 13th Earl of Carlisle.^[5]

1844 fire

On Saturday, 18 May 1844, the castle caught fire, possibly as a result of the ignition of some soot in the flue of the Porter's Lodge. The structure's lack of internal walls allowed the fire to spread rapidly, and it remained unchecked until it reached the northern wing. Although some property was saved, by the time two fire engines had arrived by train from Carlisle, most of the roof had collapsed and the fire had spread to nearly every room on the three sides of the quadrangle. Water had to be passed in buckets from a rivulet at the foot of a steep hill on the north side of the castle. "Belted Will's Tower" was saved, while the fire continued until around one o'clock on Sunday morning, when it was brought under control.^[6] Subsequent restoration was undertaken by the architect Anthony Salvin.^[2]

Miscellanea

The castle has a well-preserved priest hole.
Francis Galton is said to have invented the concept of correlation at Naworth Castle.^[7]
Sir Walter Scott described the castle as:
"one of those extensive baronial seats which marked the splendour of our ancient nobles, before they exchanged the hospitable magnificence of a life spent among a numerous tenantry, for the uncertain honours of court attendance, and the equivocal rewards of ministerial favour."^[6]

Related Research Articles

Castle Howard is a stately home in North Yorkshire, England, within the civil parish of Henderskelfe, located 15 miles (24 km) north of York. It is a private residence and has been the home of the Carlisle branch of the Howard family for more than 300 years. Castle Howard is not a fortified structure, but the term "castle" is sometimes used in the name of an English country house that was built on the site of a former castle.

Earl of Carlisle is a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England.

Baron Dacre is a title that has been created three times in the Peerage of England, every time by writ.

Carlisle Castle is in Carlisle, in the English county of Cumbria, near the ruins of Hadrian's Wall. The castle is over 900 years old and has been the scene of many historical episodes in British history. Given the proximity of Carlisle to the border between England and Scotland, it has been the centre of many wars and invasions. During the Jacobite Rising of 1745–6, Carlisle became the last English fortress to undergo a siege. The castle was listed as a Scheduled Ancient Monument on 7 August 1996.

Lanercost Priory was founded by Robert de Vaux between 1165 and 1174, the most likely date being 1169, to house Augustinian canons. The priory is situated at the village of Lanercost, Cumbria, England, within sight of Naworth Castle, with which it had close connections.

Philip Speakman Webb was a British architect and designer sometimes called the Father of Arts and Crafts Architecture. His use of vernacular architecture demonstrated his commitment to "the art of common building."

Rosalind Frances Howard, Countess of Carlisle, known as The Radical Countess, was a promoter of women's political rights and temperance movement activist.

Brampton is a market town, civil parish and electoral ward within the City of Carlisle district of Cumbria, England, about 9 miles (14 km) east of Carlisle and 2 miles (3.2 km) south of Hadrian's Wall. Historically part of Cumberland, it is situated off the A69 road which bypasses it.

Lord William Howard was an English nobleman and antiquary, sometimes known as "Belted or Bauld (bold) Will".

Rosa Winifred Nicholson was a British painter. She was married to the painter Ben Nicholson, and was thus the daughter-in-law of the painter William Nicholson and his wife, the painter Mabel Pryde. She was the mother of the painter Kate Nicholson.

The William Howard School is a co-educational secondary academy school on Longtown Road (A6071) in Brampton, Cumbria, England for pupils aged 11–18.

Thomas Dacre, 2nd Baron Dacre of Gilsland, KG was the son of Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre of Gilsland and Mabel Parr, great-aunt of queen consort Catherine Parr, the sixth and final wife of King Henry VIII of England. His mother was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr of Kendal by his wife, Alice Tunstall.

George James Howard, 9th Earl of Carlisle, known as George Howard until 1889, was an English aristocrat, peer, politician, and painter. He was the last Earl of Carlisle to own Castle Howard.

Thomas Dacre, 6th Baron Dacre of Gilsland was a medieval English nobleman.

Hallbankgate is a village in Cumbria, England, 13 miles (21 km) east of Carlisle. A former coal and lead mining village, it straddles the A689 Brampton to Alston road. Limestone is quarried here and it once had a gasworks and a forge. The village has a primary school, a village shop and tea room and a pub. There are three other hamlets in the civil parish, Farlam, Kirkhouse and Tindale.

Walton is a village and civil parish in the far north of Cumbria, England. It is located 10 miles (16 km) from Carlisle and is about 2 miles (3 km) north of Brampton, on the north bank of the River Irthing. Nearby villages include Newtown, Banks and Lanercost.

Leonard Dacre was an English nobleman, one of the promoters of the Northern Rebellion against Queen Elizabeth.

Thomas Dacre, 4th Baron Dacre of Gilsland, also Baron Greystoke was an English Member of Parliament and after his father's death a peer and major landowner in the counties of Cumberland, Yorkshire and Northumberland.

Humphrey Dacre, 1st Baron Dacre of Gilsland, was an English soldier, Cumberland landowner and peer.

Stapleton is a village and civil parish in the City of Carlisle district, in the county of Cumbria, in the North West of England. It falls under this jurisdiction of Cumbria County Council.

References

↑ Historic England. "Naworth Castle (1087643)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 10 July 2015.
1 2 "Naworth Castle" . Bell's Weekly Messenger . 16 July 1855. Retrieved 17 November 2015– via British Newspaper Archive.
↑ Joseph Bain, Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 428 no. 698, 436 no. 703, 437 no. 706.
↑ P. Henderson, ed., The Letters of William Morris to His Family and Friends (London: Longmans, 1950)
↑ "Welcome to Naworth Castle". Naworth Castle. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
1 2 An Historical & Descriptive Account of Naworth Castle, and Lanercost Priory: With a Life of Lord William Howard, and an Account of the Destruction of Naworth Castle by Fire, May 18th, 1844. I. Fletcher Whitridge. 1844. p. vii-x1.
↑ Life of Francis Galton by Karl Pearson Vol 2, p. 393

External links

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[1] Historic England. "Naworth Castle (1087643)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 10 July 2015.

[BWM-2] 1 2 "Naworth Castle" . Bell's Weekly Messenger . 16 July 1855. Retrieved 17 November 2015– via British Newspaper Archive.

[3] Joseph Bain, Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 428 no. 698, 436 no. 703, 437 no. 706.

[4] P. Henderson, ed., The Letters of William Morris to His Family and Friends (London: Longmans, 1950)

[5] "Welcome to Naworth Castle". Naworth Castle. Retrieved 2 August 2015.

[Whit-6] 1 2 An Historical & Descriptive Account of Naworth Castle, and Lanercost Priory: With a Life of Lord William Howard, and an Account of the Destruction of Naworth Castle by Fire, May 18th, 1844. I. Fletcher Whitridge. 1844. p. vii-x1.

[7] Life of Francis Galton by Karl Pearson Vol 2, p. 393

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