The Nissan Laurel is a front-engine, rear-drive two- and four-door sedan manufactured and marketed by Nissan from 1969 to 2002. Introduced in 1968 as a new model positioned above the 1968 Datsun Bluebird 510, the Laurel offered the luxury of the Nissan Gloria A30 in a smaller size. In Japan, the Laurel was marketed solely as a Nissan model, rather than a Datsun model.
The name "laurel" is in reference to a laurel wreath, a symbol of triumph and is worn as a chaplet around the head, or as a garland around the neck.
The first Laurel was developed by the Nissan Tsurumi R&D Division and assembled at the Musashimurayama Plant of the former Prince Motor Company in 2-door and 4-door variants. Released as a Nissan after Prince merged with Nissan, Laurels shared many components and architectures with the Skyline range for all generations. The Laurel was not marketed new in Japan at Nissan Prince Shop locations that sold the Skyline and Gloria, former Prince products, and was offered as a luxurious, and upscale version of the Skyline. Instead the Laurel was sold at Nissan Motor Shop as the junior model to the larger V8-powered Nissan President.
Since 1968, eight generations of Laurel have been manufactured in Japan. Nissan intermittently listed the Laurel for sale in various Asian and European markets (it was also sold in Chile, Panama and other South American markets as the Datsun Laurel or Datsun 200l included Argentina, starting in the late seventies), and then mostly discontinued the export of this model from 1989.
In April 1968, Nissan presented its new Laurel in four-door deLuxe and Super deLuxe versions, both equipped with a 1.8 L inline-four engine, and in June 1970 a two-door hardtop coupé joined the lineup. The Laurel was conceived as a junior version of the all-new Gloria before Nissan acquired Prince, and one year later a 2000cc engine became available in the four-door sedan as well. Its competitors at introduction were the 1968 Toyota Corona Mark II sedan, and the Mazda Luce which was introduced in 1966.
The Laurel did not sell as well as expected, largely because the design was too similar to that of the smaller, cheaper Bluebird (510) which was developed as a competitor before Nissan bought Prince.[2] The Bluebird was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Store, while the Laurel was exclusive to Nissan Motor Store, where higher-content luxury cars were offered.
This car was developed by the Nissan Tsurumi vehicle development team, but the C30 Laurel was fitted with the Prince four-cylinder SOHC engine, the G18 of 1,815cc capacity. Conversely, the GC10 Skyline 2000GT was developed by the former Prince Ogikubo vehicle development team but was fitted with Nissan's L20six-cylinder SOHC engine. The suspension is the same MacPherson struts for the front wheels and Semi-trailing arm independent suspension for the rear wheels that was fitted on the C10 Skyline.
The Laurel Hardtop model was equipped with the SOHC 1,990cc 110 or 120PS (81 or 88kW)G20-series four-cylinders. The four-door sedan was originally only available with the lesser G18. The SU twin-carburetted 2000GX received sporty equipment.
August 1970 saw the release of a modified version of the four-door sedan version, now with the same roof angle as that of the hard top. The instrument panel received redesigned panel meters, and the more luxurious GL grade was added.
In April 1972, the second Laurel generation appeared, again in four-door saloon and two-door hardtop coupé form affectionately known as the Butaketsu Laurel ("pig butt") because of its ample rear quarter panels and tail section, with the taillights incorporated into the rear bumper. The saloon continued to use MacPherson struts for the front wheels but now used a rear beam axle and semi-elliptic leaf spring, while the coupé continued to use MacPherson struts for the front wheels and Semi-trailing arm for the rear suspension, again identical to the Skyline. In addition to the 1.8 and 2.0 L four-cylinder engines, a 2.0 L inline-six was now available, joined, from October, 1973, by a 2.6 L six; the latter was replaced by a 2.8 L six in late 1975. The G-20 4-cylinder and L20 six-cylinder engines were equipped with SU twin carburetors but were eliminated February 1976 due to emission regulations.
The styling of the coupe appears to be influenced by the 1970 Ford Torino and the 1971 Mercury Cougar, reflecting a popular styling trend during the 1960s and 1970s called "coke bottle". Sales in Japan (very few were exported) ran to about 96,000 per year, with three-quarters sedans.[3] The Toyota competitor was the Mark II coupé and sedan.
Datsun 200L sedan (Europe)
Engines available at the time were the four-cylinder 1815cc G18 and 1990cc G20, and the six-cylinder 1998cc L20. Both the G20 and L20 were available with twin SU carburettors as an option. However, only the G20 equipped cars outwardly announced this with a "Twin Carburettor 2000GX" badge.
In October 1973 the first Laurel with the 2565cc L26 six-cylinder engine was added and badged as "2600SGL". Since the engine was over two litres, it was not restrained by the size limits imposed by Japanese regulations, and therefore it was fitted with bigger bumpers than regular Laurels. The installation of the 2.6-litre engine in Japanese models helped identify this generation as a luxury car, as the larger engine obligated Japanese drivers to pay higher amounts of annual road tax.
In September 1975, in order to meet the new emissions regulations for that year, the L26 was replaced by the larger yet 2753cc L28 six-cylinder. By October the carburettors in the L20 were replaced with electronic fuel injection and the engine was now dubbed L20E. Because of the difficulty in meeting the emissions regulations, the twin-carburetted engines were all discontinued. The 1,770cc L18 replaced the G18 in the lineup.
In February 1976 carburetted 1.8-litre and 2.0-litre engines which met the 1976 emissions regulations were introduced, and were identified with the Nissan NAPS badge.
Nissan Laurel 2000SGX Hardtop (C130) with non-standard wheels
Laurel C130-EV
In 1974 Nissan developed an electric passenger sedan based on the Nissan Laurel. The Nissan Laurel C130-EV - referred to as the Datsun 200L-EV in export markets - developed to be used by the VIPs at the 1975 International Oceanographic Exposition in Okinawa.[4] It was originally engineered by the Prince Motor Company, but produced by Nissan when the company assumed Prince operations in 1966.
The C130-EV uses one 16.0kW (21.5hp) electric motor, rear-mounted and driving the rear axle through a two-speed automatic transmission. The Nissan Laurel C130-EV has a claimed top speed of 85km/h (53mph)[4] and a range of 65km (40mi). Nissan's next electric car venture would be the 1998 Altra.
The third generation appeared in January 1977. For the first time, the C230 was available in either saloon and hardtop coupé form, but also as a hardtop saloon without B-posts. The hardtop was only available with six-cylinder engines. Buyers could choose between a 1.8-litre four, a 2.0-litre inline-six (carburetted or fuel-injected, a first for the Laurel), a 2.8-litre six, or a 2.0-litre diesel four, sourced from Nissan Diesel as an alternative to the diesel-powered Toyota Mark II and the Isuzu Florian. Transmissions were mainly four- or five-speed manuals or a three-speed automatic, although a three-speed manual with a column shift was also available in the lower spec and commercial versions.[5] In the Autumn of 1978, the C230 received a mild facelift (type C231), marked visually by squared instead of round double headlights. The Toyota competitor was the Mark II coupé and sedan. Again, comfort was prioritized over handling and agility, while still using the identical MacPherson struts for the front wheels and Semi-trailing arm for the rear suspension from the Skyline.
1978 Nissan Laurel SGL Hardtop, rear view
One year later (January 1978) Nissan released a tenth anniversary edition, which adopted a special deep red body color known as "Laurel's Crimson", as well as trim-specific emblems, aluminum wheels and front grille. In 1979, the 2.4-litre L24 engine was added to the lineup.[5] European outputs were 71 and 83kW (97 and 113PS) DIN for the 2.0 and the 2.4 inline-sixes. European buyers were attracted to the Laurel for its overall reliability, low price, and ample equipment.[6] Datsun-Nissan South Africa also developed a two-litre four-cylinder option not offered elsewhere to suit local needs with a lower-cost, torquier engine than the two-litre six sold elsewhere. The L20B engine offered 72kW (98PS) and was paired with somewhat lower equipment than the 100kW (136PS) 280L sold alongside it.[7]
November 1978 brought minor changes to the Laurel, including squaring off of the front headlights. The highest trim level, "Medalist", received air conditioning in addition to its OHC four-cylinder two-litre diesel engine. The 1800cc cars switched to the newer Z18 crossflow engine and all Laurels now met the Showa 53 (1979) gasoline vehicle emission regulations.
Later, in October 1979, a two-litre four-cylinder gasoline option (Z20-series) was added in several markets. Also new were the options of automatic transmission and the SGL equipment grade on diesel vehicles.
1979 Datsun 200L (Chile)
In February 1980, an electric sunroof was added to the hardtop version of the Medalist. This was the first year in which a sunroof was a model option.
In July 1980, a special limited edition "gold medalist" top-of-the-line trim was released.
The C31 model, introduced in November 1980, was the first model that was only available in a four-door form, either as a sedan or hardtop. Engines for the C31 were 1.8-liter, 2.0-liter L20, 2.4-liter L24 gasoline, and 2.8-liter diesel. The coupé was replaced by the new Nissan Leopard F30, while the Laurel, Leopard and Skyline continued to use the same MacPherson Struts for the front wheels and multi-link rear suspension. The Laurel remained exclusive to Nissan Motor Store, the Skyline at Nissan Prince Store, but the new Leopard coupe was exclusive to Nissan Motor Store while the sedan was now available at Nissan Bluebird Store as an upscale alternative to the Bluebird.
The Toyota competitor was the Cresta hardtop and the Chaser sedan. November 1982 saw the introduction of the Limited "Givenchy Version" with Hubert de Givenchy doing the TV commercials in Japan, borrowing a marketing concept for an American luxury coupe, the Lincoln Continental Mark IV. In 1981, the Nissan Laurel Spirit was offered as a smaller alternative to the Laurel, while still offering the luxury content of the larger car.
1981 Datsun Laurel 2.4 Hardtop (C31, Chile)
Development Supervisor, Itirou Makoto Sakurai, was in charge of developing the Laurel together with the Skyline. The Laurel's redesign was carried out in a European style and tone. The coefficient of drag (Cd value) of the four-door hardtop is 0.38. The lowest-priced Z18 is a four-cylinder engine, as is the 2-litre Z20. The L20-series are inline-six cylinder models, also available in fuel injected L20E type, and as the turbocharged L20ET - the first turbocharged Laurel. On top of the lineup was the 2.8-litre L28E, and for some export markets the 2.4-litre L24 engine (usually carburetted) was also offered. Mostly for commercial use there was the four-cylinder LD20 diesel engine, while private users usually preferred the larger six-cylinder LD28 type which was also available with much better equipment.
In February 1981, the GX trim level was added. L20E sedan with independent rear suspension in the vehicle suspension formula (a six-link independent rear suspension was equipped as standard on the turbocharged cars). In November 1981, the car received some improvement and the Turbo Medalist model was new to the lineup.
In September 1982, there was a minor change. Up a sense of luxury and large-scale extrusion in the chrome bumpers and rear license plate holder. The taillamp design was changed as well. Instead of the Z18 series engine, the new OHC four-cylinder 1809cc CA18S engine was fitted to the Laurel 1.8. The engine range was overhauled at the time and now included the CA18S, L20E, turbocharged L20ET, the four-cylinder SOHC Z20S, and the diesel LD20 and LD28-6 models. The carburetted L20, the L28E, and the column-shifted LD20 (six-seater) were discontinued. The six-cylinder gasoline-powered car with automatic transmission and Super Touring equipment received an overdrive gear at the same time.
In November 1982, the Givenchy limited version was released. In February 1983, the "50 Special" released. In March, the Givenchy II version went on sale. In May, another 50 Special II vehicles were launched. In July, electrically retractable fender and door mirrors were introduced, a first. In October, taxi and driver instruction vehicles with an OHC LPG four-cylinder engine (Z18P, Standard or GL equipment) were added. SGL Grand Touring car (with a hubcap for Medalist colored bumper and large) and 50 Special Release III.
January 1984 saw the abolition of the 1.8-litre GL models, while the Givenchy III limited edition also went on sale.
1982 Datsun Laurel 2.4 SGL Sedan (C31, The Netherlands)
European export models received the carburetted 2.0 (DX or SGL trim) and 2.4 inline-sixes (SGL), with 71kW (97PS) and 88kW (120PS) respectively, or with the large 2.8 diesel with 60kW (82PS).[8][9] A fuel injected 2.4 with 127PS (93kW) later appeared for some markets.[10] The 2.4-liter six only developed 113PS (83kW) in Swedish-market petrol cars as a result of that country's stringent emissions standards.[11] As large Japanese cars are not very popular with private buyers in Europe, the diesel saw the lion's share of sales, mainly for taxi usage. Fitted with a detuned version of the L24 engine, the Laurel was introduced to the Middle Eastern (mainly Saudi) market in 1982.
Fifth generation (C32; 1984–1989)
Most of the information in this article was translated from the Nissan Laurel article on Japanese Wikipedia at ja:日産・ローレル.
In October 1984, the C32 Laurel was released. Osamu Ito, Development Supervisor of the R31/32 Skyline, was assigned to redesign the Laurel. He saw the car needed significant changes and set about doing so. Some of the Laurel's new features included a 4-door sedan body, variations in the hardtop, and a more overall angular appearance, and also introduced the world's first electric retractable door mirrors.[12] The C32 was the last model to be sold in Europe, where the Laurel was replaced by the front-wheel-drive Nissan Maxima which was not available as a diesel and had a sportier, more luxurious air.
The C32 were fitted with a variety of gasoline engines, inline-fours and V6 engines ranging from 1.8 to 3.0 liters. Some engines, like the L24 and the electronically carbureted VG30S were reserved for export. The C32 Laurel also came with the LD28 diesel. In 1987, there were a minor facelift which revised the bumpers, new grilles and new lights in the front and back. The LD28 diesel engine were swapped out in favor of the similarly dimensioned RD28. This generation was the first Laurel to be equipped with a V6 engine.
The styling of the Nissan Laurel began to resemble the larger Nissan Gloria but on a slightly smaller platform, with reduced tax liability based on the vehicles dimensions. The Toyota competitor was the Cresta hardtop and the Chaser sedan and in 1986, the Honda Vigor.
The RB20E engine was equipped with six-cylinder series SOHC2.0L, VG20ET-SOHC2.0L V6 turbo, CA18S-series four-cylinder (LPG and specifications), LD28-series 6-cylinder diesel SOHC2.8L. The car's system also shared a Skyline rack-and-pinion steering rack.
In May 1985, the Grand Extra Limited edition was released. Detail improvements were made in October 1985 and January 1986.
In October 1986, there were mechanical changes along with significant modifications to the exterior. There was a new turbocharged DOHC engine, the 2.0-liter RB20DET 24-valve six-cylinder, while the LD28 diesel engine was replaced by the new RD28-series six-cylinder diesel engine.
In May 1987, the "Grande Extra White Special" edition was released. In August of the same year, the Grande Touring Limited was added to lineup.
Beginning January 1988, the Laurel was joined by a longer version at 2,735mm (107.7in) of the Nissan Gloria stablemate, called the Nissan Gloria Cima which offered an improved version of the V6 engine available on the Laurel, and an optionally available turbocharged version of the same V6.
In February 1988, there was an improved and some 20 releases Super medalist anniversary special edition. In May 1988, the "White Limited" model was released. In September of the same year, the Super Series Selection was added to the lineup. In December, private car and driving school versions were discontinued, leaving only taxis and other commercial models. In January 1989, Laurels with an automatic gearbox received a shift lock.[13]
The taxi/commercial versions of the fifth generation were finally discontinued in July 1993, when they were replaced by the Nissan Crew.
Rear view of fifth generation Laurel (pre-facelift)
In December 1988, the C33 Laurel was announced. A month later, in January 1989, the C33 went on sale, originally only available as a hardtop four-door. The base engine offering again was a 1.8-litre four, the available options consisted of a 2-litre six (SOHC, DOHC or DOHC Turbo) and a 2.8-litre diesel inline-six. Early in 1991, a DOHC 2.5-litre inline-six coupled to a five-speed automatic became available.
Nissan Laurel Medalist in Japan
The Nissan Laurel used a rear-wheel drive layout, making it a popular car to modify for drifting use. The C33 in particular is very popular as a drift car, because it has the same floor plan as the Nissan A31 Cefiro and the four-door Nissan Skyline R32. They also have many interchangeable parts which makes them ideal for modification.
The Toyota competitor was the Cresta and there was also the new Honda Inspire in the same segment. The Laurel was repositioned slightly higher as a larger luxury sedan, as its exterior dimensions matched with the more senior Nissan Cedric and Nissan Gloria which were exclusive to separate Japanese Nissan dealerships (Nissan Bluebird for the Cedric, Nissan Prince for the Gloria). The Laurel remained exclusive to Japanese dealership Nissan Motor Store locations.
Trim levels included the Medalist, Medalist Club S and Gran Limited. The Club S was the only C33 Laurel with the RB25DE option and a front lip spoiler, with other models offering only the RB20, CA18, and RD28 engines.
V6 engines were no longer available; instead, the RB20E type (SOHC), RB20DE type (DOHC), RB20DET type (single turbo DOHC) series 6-cylinder 2.0L, CA18i series four-cylinder SOHC1.8L and RD28-series six-cylinder diesel engines were offered. In addition to this, the improved HICAS-II suspension configuration was used. Four-cylinder model (CA18i) series and six-cylinder diesel engine (RD28) in the presence and instruction car specifications.
In January 1991, the Laurel was facelifted and a new RB20E/RB20DE-powered 5-speed AT model crept into the range. In November 1991, 3-series cars RB25DE Catalogue DOHC2.5L add a grade-six-cylinder engine. 2.5L existing and additional models equipped with previous-generations high-mount side lamp, side-door airbags. Organizing models in the senior grades.
The new Laurel C34 was released in January 1993. To meet stricter side impact legislation it was no longer available in a pillarless hardtop sedan configuration; the single body style offered was a regular saloon with B-posts. Gone as well was the four-cylinder engine. Available engines included a 2.0 L six (SOHC or DOHC), a 2.5 L DOHC six, and a 2.8 L diesel six. The diesel engine now had three valves per cylinder, for a total of 18. A wider and longer body meant that there was no longer a compact sedan version on offer. Under Japanese vehicle classification regulations all Laurels were now in the large car category due to vehicle length and width were no longer in compliance, even those models with engines displacing less than 2000cc. Japanese owners were now liable for additional taxes paid yearly in addition to standard registration, road tax, and inspection costs. Large cars have a leading "3" at the top of the license plate, while compact cars have a "5". Manufacturing remained at the Murayama plant. The smaller Laurel Spirit was replaced by the all-new Nissan Presea.
Some of the later models featured more sophistication such as Nissan's proprietary 4-wheel steering (HICAS) and 4-wheel drive (ATTESA) systems, which were shared with the Skyline models. The Laurel also offered ASCD (auto speed control) with steering wheel switches on the top-of-the-line Medalist VG Selection. The S Club has electrical Super HICAS and ABS brakes. A 5-speed manual transmission was only available in the Medalist diesel version, with no manually shifted gasoline cars offered. Diesels and single-cam gasoline cars received four-speed automatics; more powerful gasoline cars all got a five-speed automatic.
In May 1993, an RB20E-engined Club S was added, as the 2.5-only Club S was not a strong seller. In July and August 1993, special editions were launched to celebrate Nissan's 60th anniversary, the Medalist S 60th Anniversary and the Club SJ 60th Anniversary respectively.
Early/Mid-series Nissan Laurel Club S in Japan
January 1994 saw a mid-life facelift for the C34 Laurel. Medalist versions received a center grille finisher, while the Club S received a sportier looking grille and an exclusive front bumper design, necessitating other minor changes around the front end. Medalist and Club S specifications were more differentiated than before. The Club S also received a new engine, the turbocharged 24-valve DOHC RB25DET straight-six, while the 24-valve RB20DE model was discontinued. The turbo version received a four-speed automatic, as the engine produces too much torque for the five-speed JATCO RE5R01A. The new Club S Type X was a more expensive version, while the regular Club S received a few downgrades, such as a Premium Tricot interior rather than the earlier Ultrasuede which was now only a cost option on the Type X. The Medalist J and the basic Grand Cruise model were replaced by the Medalist L and the Grand Saloon. Minor cost cutting led to Medalists using wheel trims shared with other Nissan automobiles, while the stereo head was changed from a Laurel-only dedicated size to a single DIN regular format.
Facelifted rear end of a 1996-1997 Laurel 25 Medalist Cellencia
The Laurel underwent a minor change in September 1994, with a significant rear end redesign. Front end design remained largely untouched, while a driver's SRS airbag became standard fitment. New was the first four-wheel-drive Laurel, and a Medalist Turbo model. The Medalist Turbo received the same sporty-looking front end as the Club S. In January 1995, a new well-equipped Club S Selection was introduced. In September 1995, another special edition appeared, the 20E-engined Medalist Dual Limited.
A final update took place in May 1996. The steering wheel design was changed and a passenger airbag became standard. More special editions also appeared, in the form of the "Celencia" which received dedicated seat fabric and a unique grille, as well as tinted window glass. In February 1997, the ABS-equipped Celencia SV and Celencia Medalist SV appeared. Production ended in May 1997 with sales continuing from stock until the eighth generation Laurel replaced it.
Eighth generation (C35; 1997–2002)
Most of the information in this article was translated from the Nissan Laurel article on Japanese Wikipedia at ja:日産・ローレル.
The eighth and last generation debuted in June 1997. The number of available models was further reduced; the models had a DOHC two-liter engine, a 2.5 L six, or a 2.8 L diesel six. In late 2002 Laurel production was ended. The competitors were the Toyota Cresta and the Honda Inspire. In this generation, no manual transmission was offered anymore. It was replaced in 2003 by the Nissan Teana.
Nissan Note - the second-generation top version has reintroduced the "Medalist" badge
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1 2 Sacket, Sheldon R. (1979). The Complete Book of Electric Vehicles. Domus Books. p.103. ISBN978-0891960850.
1 2 Braunschweig, Robert; Büschi, Hans-Ulrich, eds. (March 6, 1980). "Automobil Revue '80" (in German and French). 75. Berne, Switzerland: Hallwag, AG: 262.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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↑ Wright, Cedric, ed. (August 1978). "New model: Datsun 200L". CAR (South Africa). Vol.22, no.7. Ramsay, Son & Parker (Pty) ltd. p.71.
↑ Kurki-Suonio, Hannu (1985-03-19). "Autotieto 1985" [Car specifications 1985]. Tekniikan Maailma (in Finnish). Vol.41, no.5/85. Helsinki: TM-Julkaisu. p.Automaailma 34. ISSN0355-4287.
↑ Mastrostefano, Raffaele, ed. (1985). Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1985 (in Italian). Milano: Editoriale Domus S.p.A. p.672. ISBN88-7212-012-8.
↑ Sundfeldt, Björn (1982-04-21). "Komplett Paket" [Complete Package]. Teknikens Värld (in Swedish). Vol.34, no.9. Stockholm, Sweden: Specialtidningsförlaget AB. p.62.
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