Ottoman–Persian War (1821–23)

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Ottoman-Qajar War
Part of Ottoman–Persian Wars
A Persian Cavalier smoking (Letters from the Caucasus and Georgia).jpg
Persian cavalry troops at the Caucasus front.
Date1821–1823
LocationIranian–Turkish Border, Erzurum, Eastern Anatolia
Result Persian military victory [1]
Treaty of Erzurum
Territorial
changes		 Recognition of Pre-War Boundaries.
Belligerents
State Flag of Iran (1924).svg Qajar dynasty Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Ottoman Empire
Commanders and leaders
State Flag of Iran (1924).svg Abbas Mirza Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg Mahmud II

The Ottoman–Qajar War was fought between the Ottoman Empire and Qajar Empire from 1821 to 1823. [2]

Ottoman Empire Former empire in Asia, Europe and Africa

The Ottoman Empire, historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. It was founded at the end of the 13th century in northwestern Anatolia in the town of Söğüt by the Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman I. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

Contents

Reasons

Tensions between the two empires had been rising due to the Ottoman Empire's harboring of rebellious tribesmen from Iranian Azerbaijan [ citation needed ]. Although secretly, the Russian Empire was attempting to put pressure on the Ottoman Empire, which was at war with the Greeks [ citation needed ].

Azerbaijan (Iran) region in northwestern Iran

Azerbaijan or Azarbaijan, also known as Iranian Azerbaijan, is a historical region in northwestern Iran that borders Iraq, Turkey, the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. Iranian Azerbaijan is administratively divided into West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan, Ardabil, and Zanjan provinces. The region is mostly populated by Azeris, with minority populations of Kurds, Armenians, Tats, Talysh, Assyrians and Persians.

Russian Empire Former country, 1721–1917

The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia or simply Russia, was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

War

Crown Prince Abbas Mirza of Persia, at the instigation of the Russian Empire, invaded Western Armenia and the areas surrounding Iranian Azerbaijan. [3] The governor of Baghdad's invasion of Persia is defeated by Mohammed Ali Mirza who then besieges Baghdad, his untimely death ends the siege. [4] Meanwhile, Abbas Mirza marched into eastern Anatolia with 30,000 troops and met an Ottoman army of 50,000 at the Battle of Erzurum. Abbas Mirza scored a crushing defeat over the Ottomans despite being severely outnumbered and his army suffering from a cholera epidemic. [3]

Abbas Mirza Qajar crown prince

Abbas Mirza was a Qajar crown prince of Persia. He developed a reputation as a military commander during the Russo-Persian War of 1804-1813 and the Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 with neighbouring Imperial Russia, as well as through the Ottoman-Persian War of 1821-1823 with the Ottoman Empire. He is furthermore noted as an early modernizer of Persia's armed forces and institutions, and for his death before his father, Fath Ali Shah. Abbas was an intelligent prince, possessed some literary taste, and is noteworthy on account of the comparative simplicity of his life.

Western Armenia a term used for eastern parts of Turkey (formerly the Ottoman Empire) that were part of the historical homeland of Armenians.

Western Armenia, located in Western Asia, is a term used to refer to eastern parts of Turkey that were part of the historical homeland of Armenians. Western Armenia, also referred to as Byzantine Armenia, emerged following the division of Greater Armenia between the Byzantine Empire and Sassanid Persia in 387 AD.

Anatolia Asian part of Turkey

Anatolia, also known as Asia Minor, Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Armenian Highlands to the east and the Aegean Sea to the west. The Sea of Marmara forms a connection between the Black and Aegean seas through the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits and separates Anatolia from Thrace on the European mainland.

Result

Peace was not concluded until the Treaty of Erzurum two years later; both sides recognized the previous borders, with no territorial changes. Also included in the treaty, was the guaranteed access for Persian pilgrims to holy sites within the Ottoman Empire. [3]

Notes

  1. ↑ Farmanfarmaian, Roxane (2008-01-30). War and Peace in Qajar Persia: Implications Past and Present. Routledge. pp. 88–97. ISBN   9781134103089.
  2. ↑ Sicker 2001, p. 118.
  3. 1 2 3 Tucker 2010, p. 1140.
  4. ↑ Ward 2009, p. 76.

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References


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