Oyo | |
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Nicknames: | |
![]() Location of Oyo State in Nigeria | |
Coordinates: 8°00′N4°00′E / 8.000°N 4.000°E [1] | |
Country | ![]() |
Date created | 3 February 1976 |
Capital | Ibadan |
Government | |
• Body | Government of Oyo State |
• Governor [2] | Seyi Makinde (PDP) |
• Deputy Governor | Bayo Lawal (PDP) |
• Legislature | Oyo State House of Assembly |
• Senators | C: Yunus Akintunde (APC) N: Abdulfatai Buhari (APC) S: Sharafadeen Alli (APC) |
• Representatives | List |
Area | |
• Total | 28,454 km2 (10,986 sq mi) |
Population (2006) [3] | |
• Total | 5,580,894 [4] |
• Estimate (2022) | 7,976,100 [5] |
GDP (PPP) | |
• Year | 2021 |
• Total | $23.8 billion [6] |
• Per capita | $2,560 [6] |
Time zone | UTC+01 (WAT) |
postal code | 200001 |
ISO 3166 code | NG-OY |
HDI (2022) | 0.603 [7] medium · 15th of 37 |
Website | www |
Oyo is a state in southwestern Nigeria. Its capital is Ibadan, the third most populous city in the country and formerly the second most populous city in Africa. [8] Oyo State is bordered to the north by Kwara State for 337 km, to the southeast by Osun State for 187 km, partly across the River Osun, and to the south by Ogun State, and to the west by the Republic of Benin for 98 km. With a projected population of 7,976,100 in 2022, Oyo State is the sixth most populous in the Nigeria. [9]
The vast majority of Oyo State residents are Yoruba. [10] Nicknamed the "Pace Setter State", present-day Oyo State sits on territory formerly ruled by the great Oyo empire.[ citation needed ] The Oyo Empire was a powerful Yoruba empire that ruled much of Oyo state and by extension major parts of Yoruba lands from c. 1300 to 1896. [11] Built in the 1830s, the modern city of Oyo "New Ọyọ" (Ọ̀yọ́ Àtìbà) is considered a remnant of the imperial Oyo era to distinguish itself from the former capital to the north, 'Old Oyo' (Ọ̀yọ́-Ilé). Although the medieval great Oyo empire collapsed in 1835, The Alaafin (owner and custodian of the palace) continues to serve a ceremonial role in the new city of Oyo in present Oyo state. [12]
Oyo State is the biggest state in Southern Nigeria in terms of landmass and is the second most populated state in Southern Nigeria after Lagos. According to the 2006 census the state is ranked the 4th most populous state in Nigeria with a population of 5,580,894. The recent extimate in 2022 projected the state population to be around 7,976,100 making it the sixth most populous in the Nigeria. [9] Noted for being the site of the first university in Nigeria, [13] the University of Ibadan, [14] founded in 1948, the state is acclaimed to be the state of many first in Nigeria including the First television station, first road in Nigeria, first stadium in Nigeria, First railway line in Nigeria, first teaching hospital in Nigeria amongst others.
The capital city of Ibadan, is the 3rd most populated city in Nigeria according to the 2006 official census. The state has the highest number of towns and cities mentioned in the top 50 most populous towns in Nigeria with Ibadan, Ogbomoso, Oyo, Saki and Iseyin all featuring in the list. The state economy remains largely agrarian, with the western city of Shaki being described as the state's breadbasket. cassava, cocoa, and tobacco are among the most important crops to Oyo State's economy. [15] [16]
Oyo State covers approximately an area of 28,454 square kilometers and is ranked 14th by size. [17] The landscape consists of old hard rocks and dome shaped hills, which rise gently from about 500 meters in the southern part and reaching a height of about 1,200 metres above sea level in the northern part. [18] Some principal rivers such as Ogun, Oba, Oyan, Otin, Ofiki, Sasa, Oni, Erinle and Osun river originate in this highland. The southern and southeastern parts of the state form a continuous plain. [17]
Oyo State contains a number of natural features including the Old Oyo National Park, Agodi parks and gardens. In this location there was earlier habitat for the endangered African wild dog, Lycaon pictus ; [19] however, this canid is thought to have been locally extirpated at the present.[ citation needed ]
The climate is equatorial, notably with dry and wet seasons with relatively high humidity. The dry season lasts from November to March while the wet season starts from April and ends in October. Average daily temperature ranges between 25 °C (77.0 °F) and 35 °C (95.0 °F), almost throughout the year. [20]
It was formed in 1976 [21] from Western State, and included Ọsun State, which was split off in 1991. Oyo State is homogenous, mainly inhabited by the Yoruba ethnic group who are primarily agrarian but have a predilection for living in high-density urban centres. [22] The indigenes mainly comprise the Oyos, the Oke-Oguns, the Ibadans [23] and the Ibarapas, all belonging to the Yoruba family. Ibadan had been the centre of administration of the old Western Region since the days of British colonial rule. [24]
Apart from Ibadan, other notable cities and towns in Ọyọ State include Ọyọ, Ogbomọsọ, Isẹyín-Okeogun, Ipapo-Okeogun, Kíṣì-Okeogun, Okeho-Okeogun, Saki-Okeogun, Igbeti-Okeogun, Igboho-okeogun [Igboho], Eruwa-Ibarapa, Iroko, Lanlate, OjeOwode-Okeogun, Sepeteri-Okeogun, Ilora-Oyo, Jobele-Oyo, Awe-Oyo, Ilérò-Okeogun, Okaka-Okeogun, Igbo Ora-Ibarapa, Idere [25]
In 2024, Yoruba separatists unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow the state government in Ibadan. [26]
The first degree awarding institution in Nigeria is the University of Ibadan (established as a college of the University of London [27] when it was founded in 1948, and later converted into an autonomous university in 1962). [28] The other universities in the state are: Lead City University, Ibadan, [29] Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, [30] Koladaisi University, [31] Dominican University, Ibadan, and Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso. [32] The Polytechnic, Ibadan, [33] Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo Ora, [34] Adeseun Ogundoyin Polytechnic, Eruwa are located in Oyo State. [35]
There are 324 secondary schools and 1,576 public primary schools in the state. Other noteworthy institutions in the city include the University College Hospital, Ibadan; [36] the first teaching hospital in Nigeria and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA). [37] Cocoa House located in Ibadan was the first skyscraper built in Africa. [38]
The state is home to NTA Ibadan, [39] the first television station in Africa, and the Obafemi Awolowo (formerly, Liberty) Stadium, a stadium with a capacity of 35,000. [40]
Other major tourist attractions located in the state include: Agodi Botanical Garden, Ado-Awaye Suspended lake, Mapo Hall, University of Ibadan Zoological Garden, Ido Cenotaph, Trans-Wonderland Amusement Park, Old Oyo National Park located in the historical site of the ancient capital of the famous old Oyo Empire, Iyamopo and Agbele Hill in Igbeti, Bower's Tower and the Cultural Centre, Mokola. The state hosts the first FM radio, and the first private television station, Galaxy Television [41] in the country. [42]
Under the Nigerian 1999 constitution [43] the government of Oyo State, and those of the other 35 Nigerian States, is divided into three branches to be in line with the government of the Federal Republic of Nigeria which is also three tier: the executive branch, the legislative branch and the judiciary. [44] The executive branch of Oyo State government is headed by an elected executive governor who presides over the State Executive Council made up of appointed cabinet members. The present governor of Oyo State is Seyi Makinde with Bayo Lawal serving as deputy governor. [45] The legislative branch is headed by an elected Speaker of the House of Assembly. The current Speaker is Hon. Debo Ogundoyin. [46] And lastly, the judiciary is headed by the Chief Judge of Oyo State High Court. [47] The present Chief Judge of the state is Muktar Abimbola. [48]
Presently, Oyo State has 2,004 public schools (primary), 971 private nursery/primary schools, 969 public secondary schools including 7 schools of Science and 57 private secondary schools. The state also has five government technical colleges at Oyo, Ogbomoso, Ibadan, [49] Shaki-Okeogun [50] and Iseyin-Okeogun with enrolment of 2,829 students in the 2000/2001 academic session. The National Youth Service Corp [51] [52] (NYSC) permanent orientation camp is located in Iseyin. [53]
The Ebedi Writers' Residency situated at the hill-side of barracks area of Iseyin is an international residency that has brought great writers, journalists and authors all over the world including Africa's first Nobel Laureate, Prof. Wole Soyinka, Jumoke Verissiomo, Funmi Aluko, Richard Ali, Paul Liam and others. [54]
Historically prominent secondary schools include St Anne's School Ibadan (1869), [55] Wesley College, Ibadan (1905), Ibadan Grammar School (1913), Government College, Ibadan (1927), [56] St Theresa's College Ibadan (1932), Ibadan Boys' High School (1938), Olivet Heights Oyo (1945), Queen's School, Ibadan (1952), Loyola College, Ibadan (1954), St. Bernadine's Oyo (1957), Lagelu Grammar School Ibadan (1958), Iseyin District Grammar School Iseyin (1964), Methodist High School, Ibadan (1961) St Patrick's Grammar School Ibadan (1962) and several others. It is also home to Africa's leading fountain of knowledge, the iconic University of Ibadan (The university was originally instituted as an independent external college of the University of London, then it was called the University College, Ibadan [57] [58] ).
Two new technical colleges located at Iseyin, Iseyin Local Government area and Ikija in Oluyole Local Government area were established in the 2001/2002 academic session. A college of education, Oyo State College of Education, Oyo. [59] There is a Polytechnic, The Polytechnic, Ibadan [33] with 2 satellite campuses at Eruwa [60] and Shaki-Okeogun, (now known as The Oke-Ogun Polytechnic) and a State-owned University, The Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso [32] [61] which is jointly owned by Oyo and Osun State Governments. The federal premier university The University of Ibadan [62] is also located in the State capital. A private Polytechnic (SAF Polytechnic, Iseyin) is located in Iseyin. There is a vocational Institute in Saki West Local Government named: The Kings Poly, Shaki-Okeogun. [63] [ citation needed ]
There are also the Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan; [64] Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo, [65] the Federal School of Surveying, Oyo; Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN), Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T), the Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT), the Federal College of Forestry, Ibadan (FEDCOFOR), [66] a subsidiary of Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) [67] and the Nigerian Institute Of Social And Economic Research (NISER), all in Ibadan. [68] [69] [ citation needed ]
Similarly, there are 15 Nomadic schools in the State. They are Gaa Jooro and Gaa Baale, both in Kisi (Irepo Local Government); Baochilu Government; Arin-Oye, Abiogun, Okaka and Baba-Ode (Itesiwaju Local Government); Iganna (Iwajowa Local Government); Igangan and Ayete (Ibarapa North Local Government); Gaa Kondo and Igbo-Ora, (Ibarapa Central Local Government) and Sepeteri (Saki East Local Government). There are 213 continuing education centres spread all over the State.[ citation needed ] [70]
15 special primary schools and 8 special units in secondary schools cater for handicapped children. There are 11,732 teaching staff in the state public secondary schools and 2,789 non-teaching staff.[ citation needed ]
The Agency for Adult and Non-formal Education (AANFE) caters for illiterate adults who had no opportunity of formal education. The agency has 455 classes in existence in the 33 Local Government areas of the State, while 200,000 illiterate adults and over 80,000 post-illiterate adults have been trained recently. [71]
The following are universities located within Oyo State; [72]
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These include:
Other major roads include:
Ibadan is a major terminus on the Western Railway from Lagos to Kano (1899) on the 1067 mm (3ˈ6") Cape Gauge, with a new 1435 mm (4ˈ8½") standard gauge line from Lagos to Ibadan opened 2021.
Ibadan Airport has services to Abuja and Lagos by Air Peace and Overland Airways.
Commissioner/Officer | Ministry/Office |
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Oluwaseyi Makinde | Governor |
Bayo Lawal | Deputy Governor |
Adebo Ogundoyin | Speaker of the State House of Assembly |
Olubamiwo Adeosun | Secretary to the State Government |
Hon. Segun Ogunwuyi | Chief of Staff |
Akinola Ojo | Commissioner for Finance |
Hon. Temilolu Ashamu | Commissioner for Energy & Mineral Resources |
Amidat O. Agboola | Head of Service |
Mikail Adebayo Lawal | Commissioner for Local Government & Chieftaincy Affairs |
Oyelowo Oyewo | Attorney-General & Commissioner for Justice |
Agriculture is the main occupation of the people of Oyo State. The climate in the state favours the cultivation of crops like maize, yam, cassava, millet, rice, plantains, cocoa, palm produce, cashew etc. There are a number of government farm settlements in Iseyin/Ipapo, Ilora, Eruwa, Ogbomosho, Iresaadu, Ijaiye, Akufo and Lalupon. There is abundance of clay, kaolin and aquamarine. There are also vast cattle ranches at Saki, Fasola and Ibadan, a dairy farm at Monatan in Ibadan and the statewide Oyo State Agricultural Development Programme with headquarters at Saki. A number of international and federal agricultural establishments are located in the state.[ citation needed ]
Oyo State consists of 33 Local Government Areas. [79] They are:
The state government is led by a democratical elected governor who works closely with members of the state's house of assembly. The capital city of the state is Ibadan. [82]
The governor of each state is selected using a modified two-round system. To be elected in the first round, a candidate must receive the plurality of the vote and over 25% of the vote in at least two -third of the State local government Areas. If no candidate passes threshold, a second round will be held between the top candidate and the next candidate to have received a plurality of votes in the highest number of local government Areas. [83]
Ibadan is the capital and most populous city of Oyo State, in Nigeria. It is the third-largest city by population in Nigeria after Lagos and Kano, with a total population of 3,649,000 as of 2021, and nearly 4 million within its metropolitan area. At 3,080 square kilometres it is the country's largest city by geographical area. At the time of Nigeria's independence in 1960, Ibadan was the largest and most populous city in the country, and the second-most populous in Africa behind Cairo. Ibadan is ranked one of the fastest-growing cities in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the UN Human Settlements Program (2022). It is also ranked third in West Africa in the tech startups index. Ibadan joined the UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities in 2016.
Ogbomosho is a city in Oyo State, south-western Nigeria. It was founded in the mid 17th century. The population was approximately 655,517 in 2024. It is the second largest city in Oyo State and also among the most populated in Nigeria. It is the 3rd most populated city in South Western Nigeria after Lagos and Ibadan. The City itself has 5 local governments, which makes it one of the largest cities in Nigeria. And the city is set to be the capital of the newly proposed state "OYO STATE". Although the principal inhabitants of the city are the Yoruba people, there are people from other parts of Nigeria and other West African countries who are residents in the city.
Ogun is a state in southwestern Nigeria. As a Nigerian state, Ogun is the second most industrialised state after Lagos, with a focus on metal processing. It has good road and rail connections to the harbours in Lagos and Lekki. Wole Soyinka, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature 1986, lives in Abeokuta, Ogun.
Osun, is a state in southwestern Nigeria; bounded to the east by Ekiti and Ondo states for 84 km and for 78 km respectively, to the north by Kwara State for 73 km, to the south by Ogun State for 84 km and to the west by Oyo State, mostly across the River Osun. Named for the River Osun—a vital river which flows through the state—the state was formed from the southeast of Oyo State on 27 August 1991 and has its capital as the city of Osogbo.
Iseyin is a town located in Oyo, Nigeria. It is approximately 100 km (62 mi) north of Ibadan. The town was estimated to have a population of 236,000, according to United Nations 2005 estimate, which increased to 362,990 in 2011, and has a total land mass of 2,341 km2 (904 sq mi). Its inhabitants are mostly of Yoruba origin and its ruler is the Aseyin of Iseyin, with the current being Oba Sefiu Oyebola Adeyeri III, Ajirotutu I.
Shaki is a city-town situated in the northern part of Oyo State in western Nigeria.
Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) is a public research institution located in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. The university enrolls over 30,000 students and employs more than 3,000 workers including contract staff.
The Nigerian National Assembly delegation from Oyo comprises three Senators representing Oyo South, Oyo Central, and Oyo North. It has fourteen Representatives representing the following federal constituencies: Ona-Ara/Egbeda; Iseyin/Kajola/Iwajowa/Itesiwaju; Ibadan North- East/South- East; Lagelu/Akinyele; Ibarapa East/Ido; Ibadan North, Oluyole; Atisbo/Saki East/Saki West; Ibadan North West/South West; Ibarapa Central/Ibarapa North; Afijio/Atiba/Oyo East/Oyo West; Ogo-oluwa/Surulere Oluyole; Ogbomosho-North/South/Orire; and Olurunssogo/Orelope/Irepo.
The Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineers (NSChE) is an organization for chemical engineers in Nigeria. NSChE was officially inaugurated on 12 March 1969 at a meeting at BP House in Lagos attended by twenty four Chemical Engineers, all trained abroad. In 1999 it became a Division of the Nigerian Society of Engineers. The Society publishes the Nigerian Society of Chemical Engineering Journal.
Sepeteri is the biggest town in the Saki East Local Government Area of Oke-Ogun Oyo State, Nigeria. The Yoruba people of Sepeteri are related with fon (ruler) of Dahomey and Ifon in Osun State their crownship is Obatala, Obalufon lineage under Oyo Empire. Sepeteri is located between Igboho, Ago-amodu and Oje Owode to Shaki, Ago-Are and Iseyin.
Ibarapa East is a Local Government Area in Oyo State, Nigeria, made up of the Ibarapa people. Its headquarters are in the town of Eruwa.
Joseph Adebowale Atanda was a Nigerian native of Eruwa, in Oyo State, Nigeria. He obtained his B.A. (Hons) in History in 1964 from the University of London and a PhD. in history in 1967 from the University of Ibadan.
Abdur-Raheem Adebayo Shittu (born 23 March 1953) is a Nigerian lawyer and politician who served as minister of communications of Nigeria from 2015 to 2019. Before becoming minister, he had earlier served as a member of the Oyo State House of Assembly, becoming the youngest Honourable member at age 26, to take the office.
Eruwa (Yoruba: Èrúwà or fully meaning 'pieces of yam are available here' is a town and the headquarters of Ibarapa East Local Government Area in south-western Nigeria located in Oyo state. Eruwa is 72 km south west of Ibadan and 60 km north east of Abeokuta.
The Ibarapa are a Yoruba people group located in the Southwestern corner of Oyo State. The name of the group is derived from a local cultivar of the melon plant, known locally as Egusi Ibara, which was historically acknowledged by neighboring peoples such as the Egbas, Ibadans and Oyos to be extensively cultivated in the area.
The Òǹkò, otherwise known as Òkè Ògùn people, are a Yoruba people group inhabiting the areas drained by the upper Ogun river in Northwestern Oyo state in Nigeria. They were historically a part of the once expansive Oyo empire, but are distinct from the Oyo proper.
The South West is one of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria representing both a geographic and political region of the country's southwest. It comprises six states — Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo. It makes up part of Yorubaland in Nigeria, with Kwara and parts of Kogi completing it.
Olusegun Oke Library (OOL) is the main academic library of the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso in Oyo State, Nigeria. It was formerly known as LAUTECH Library and was established in July 1990, some months after the inauguration of the university. It was set up as one of the academic units in the university.
The Adeseun Ogundoyin Polytechnic, Eruwa is a state government higher education institution located in Eruwa, Oyo State, Nigeria. The current acting Rector is Peter Adejumo.
The 2023 Nigerian presidential election in Oyo State will be held on 25 February 2023 as part of the nationwide 2023 Nigerian presidential election to elect the president and vice president of Nigeria. Other federal elections, including elections to the House of Representatives and the Senate, will also be held on the same date while state elections will be held two weeks afterward on 11 March.
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