Palace of the Carrancas

	Palace of the Carrancas(Palácio dos Carrancas)
	Soares dos Santos National Museum
	Palace (Palácio)
	A view of the former-Palace of the Carrancas, home to the Soares dos Santos National Museum
	Official name:Palácio das Carrancas/Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis
Country	Portugal
Region	Norte
Subregion	Grande Porto
District	Porto
Municipality	Porto
Location	Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória
- coordinates	41°8′51.85″N8°37′17.56″W / 41.1477361°N 8.6215444°W Coordinates: 41°8′51.85″N8°37′17.56″W / 41.1477361°N 8.6215444°W
Architects	Joaquim da Costa Lima Sampaio,Luís Chiari, Vieira Portuense, Fernando Távora
Materials	Granite, Marble, Wood, Masonry, Stucco, Tile
Origin	18th century
- Initiated	1795
Owner	Portugal
For public	Private
Visitation	Closed
Easiest access	Rua de D. Manuel II; near the Rua Adolfo Casais Monteiro
Management	Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico
Operator	Direção Geral do Património Cultural (Decree 114/2012, Diário da República, Série 1, 102 (25 May 2012)
Status	Property of Public Interest; Imóvel de Interesse Público
Listing	Decree 24/003, Diário do Governo, Série 1, 136 (12 June 1934); Special Protection Zone non aedificandi, Dispatch, Diário do Governo, Série 2, 73 (27 March 1962)
	Wikimedia Commons: Palácio dos Carrancas

Last updated April 30, 2019

The Palace of the Carrancas (Portuguese : Palácio das Carrancas/Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis) is a former-residence in the civil parish of Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória, in the northern Portuguese city of Porto.

Portuguese is a Western Romance language originating in the Iberian Peninsula. It is the sole official language of Portugal, Brazil, Cape Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique, Angola, and São Tomé and Príncipe. It also has co-official language status in East Timor, Equatorial Guinea and Macau in China. As the result of expansion during colonial times, a cultural presence of Portuguese and Portuguese creole speakers are also found in Goa, Daman and Diu in India; in Batticaloa on the east coast of Sri Lanka; in the Indonesian island of Flores; in the Malacca state of Malaysia; and the ABC islands in the Caribbean where Papiamento is spoken, while Cape Verdean Creole is the most widely spoken Portuguese-based Creole. Reintegrationists maintain that Galician is not a separate language, but a dialect of Portuguese. A Portuguese-speaking person or nation is referred to as "Lusophone" (Lusófono).

Freguesia, usually translated as "parish" or "civil parish", is the third-level administrative subdivision of Portugal, as defined by the 1976 Constitution. It is also a local administrative unit in the former Portuguese overseas territories of Cape Verde and Macau. In the past, was also an administrative division of the other Portuguese overseas territories. The parroquia in the Spanish autonomous communities of Galicia and Asturias is similar to a freguesia.

Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória is a civil parish in the municipality of Porto, Portugal. It was formed in 2013 by the merger of the former parishes Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau and Vitória. The population in 2011 was 40,440, in an area of 5.43 km². It covers the historic part of the city of Porto.

History

In the 18th century, D. Brites Maria Felizarda de Castro acquired a series of lots in order to build a great house for a residence and to be able to establish a factory in 1795.^[1] The project was attributed to Joaquim da Costa Lima Sampaio, and architect who had previously worked on the building of the Hospital of Santo António and the Feitoria Inglesa ( British Factory House ), Neo-Palladian buildings designed by English architects based in Porto. This influence explains the style of the Palace, which follows the Neoclassical style that characterised late 18th and 19th-century architecture in Porto. The interior of the palace was decorated with stucco work attributed to the Italian Luis Chiari as well as wall paintings.

The British Factory House, also known as the British Association House) is an 18th-century Neo-Palladian building located in the northern Portuguese centre of Porto, associated with the influence of Britain in the Porto Wine industry.

Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from and inspired by the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio (1508–1580). What is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of Palladio's original concepts. Palladio's work was strongly based on the symmetry, perspective and values of the formal classical temple architecture of the Ancient Greeks and Romans. From the 17th century Palladio's interpretation of this classical architecture was adapted as the style known as Palladianism. It continued to develop until the end of the 18th century.

Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century. In its purest form, it is a style principally derived from the architecture of classical antiquity, the Vitruvian principles, and the work of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.

Between 1800 and 1801, the family Moraes e Castro moved to the location, bringing to the location not only a coat-of-arms, but also a nickname to the site associated with them: the Carrancas, which means scowls/frowns.^[1]

During the course of the Peninsular Wars, in 1808, the building became the official residence of the Corregedor-mor Tamboreau and General Marquez de Valladares, and in the following year (1809) the residences of General Soult and, later, headquarters of General Wellesley.^[1]

The Corregedor was a position established by the Portuguese crown in the 14th-15th century, with the authority to "correct" acts of a local, administrative or judicial nature within the kingdom. Although common throughout the kingdom, the role was more common and important in the administration of the Azores.

Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, was a British soldier and Tory statesman who was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th-century Britain, serving twice as Prime Minister. His victory against Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 puts him in the first rank of Britain's military heroes.

Similarly, it was the residence of General Beresford following the Peninsular Warm, and during the Siege of Porto (1832), King Peter IV used the palace as his headquarters for four months. In 1861, though, there was a promissory note to sell the palace by D. Pedro V.^[1]

General William Carr Beresford, 1st Viscount Beresford, 1st Marquis of Campo Maior, was an Anglo-Irish soldier and politician. A general in the British Army and a Marshal in the Portuguese Army, he fought alongside The Duke of Wellington in the Peninsular War and held the office of Master-General of the Ordnance in 1828 in Wellington's first ministry.

The Liberal Wars, also known as the Portuguese Civil War, the War of the Two Brothers or Miguelite War, was a war between liberal constitutionalists and conservative absolutists in Portugal over royal succession that lasted from 1828 to 1834. Embroiled parties included the Kingdom of Portugal, Portuguese rebels, the United Kingdom, France, the Catholic Church, and Spain.

Peter V, nicknamed "the Hopeful", was King of Portugal from 1853 to 1861.

A velodrome was located in the lands of the palace in 1894.^[1]

By 1903, there was work completed on the front of the building.^[1]

In the 1915 testament, King D. Manuel II determined that the Palace be given to the Santa Casa da Misericórdia, which was only recognized in 1932.^[1]

In 1937, work was performed in the building in order to adapt it into a museum.^[1]

Beginning in 1940 the structure received various upgrades and renovations, as it was adapted to take on the role as museum. This also includes repairs and installation of electrical services (such as those carried out in 1967).^[1] A general expansion and restoration of the building began in 1969, that included repair to the electrical system and water-heating equipment.^[1] In 1971, restructure and remodeling of the interior was accomplished, but continued in for another year. Ironically, further work on the electrical system was effected beginning in 1974, but extended to the restoration worked carried out in 1976, that included various parts of the museum.^[1] Following the Carnation Revolution, the Soares dos Reis Museum continued to benefit assistance from the state, resulting in work to conserve the interior paint, the installation of a fire system and a remodelling of the central heating system, which was eventually replaced in 1984, which continued to 1987.^[1]

On 9 August 1991, the museum that was established was integrated into the administration of the Instituto Português de Museus (Portuguese Institute of Museums), under decree 278/91 (Diário da República, Série-1A).^[1] By the end of the 20th century, there was further work completed in the interior on the staircases, vertical accesses and washrooms, along with remodelling of the galleries on the first floor occupied by the secretariat and administration of the museum, as well as the warehouse in 1993.^[1] This culminating in the third-phase expansion of the spaces between 1994 and 1999.^[1]

In 2001, the president of the municipal council reformulated the tunnel project of Ceuta (initiated in 1996), to include two exits at Carregal and the other along Rua D. Manuel II (alongside the accessway to the palace).^[1] But, by 14 January the IPPAR denied the extension of the tunnel and the project along Rua D. Manuel II was concluded.^[1] On 29 July, the Tunnel of Ceuta, was inaugurated with its only exit at the Garden of Carregal, and the exitway along Rua D. Manuel II was closed.^[1]

On 29 March 2007, the property became administrated by the Instituto dos Museus e Conservação (Institute for Museums and Conservation), under decree 97/2007 (Diário da República, Série 1, 63).^[1]

Architecture

The palace is located in an urban context, with the Hospital de Santo António to the rear.^[1] The immense stature of the building is diluted by its position within a series of lots, aligned to the profile of the road. Access to the annexes are made from the lateral iron gates that connect to the rear of the building (the old accessways to the old factory, but today providing access to the museum galleries).^[1]

The group of volumes include four areas: the palace, with three floors designed in a "U" shape; the galleries which extend from the main building and third rear gallery; the central patio between them; and an ample open space in the rear.^[1] The main building includes a grandioso facade, with the main state room elevated, its central corpo protruding and supported by three arches, crowned by frontispiece.^[1] The rhythm of the openings of the first floor alternate between curved and triangular pediments, with medallions underpinned by garlands, while the entire structure is surmounted by balustrade decorated with vases and urns.^[1]

Over the years the spaces have suffered many alterations, due to the mobility of families and frequent use by visitors. Nonetheless, there are obvious uses that can be identifiable.^[1] On the first floor, along with the great atrium of the entranceway, are accessways leading into the various warehouses, former-stables and carriage houses of the old building.^[1] The second floor was used by the family, while the state rooms reserved for important peoples.^[1] The final floor was used for servants quarters and the offices of the seigneurial factory. The kitchens occupied two wings that encircled the interior garden.^[1]

Related Research Articles

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References

Notes

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Sereno, Isabel; Santos, João (1994), SIPA, ed., Palácio das Carrancas / Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (IPA.00005684/PT011312080020) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 13 November 2016

Sources

Os Carrancas e o seu Palácio (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Museu Nacional de Soares dos Reis, 1984
MOP, ed. (1953), Relatório da Actividade do Ministério no ano de 1952 (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: Ministério das Obras Públicas
Quaresma, Maria Clementina de Carvalho (1995), Inventário Artístico de Portugal. Cidade do Porto (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal
Pais, Alexandre Manuel Nobre da Silva (1998), Presépios Portugueses Monumentais do século XVIII em Terracota [Dissertação de Mestrado na Universidade Nova de Lisboa] (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal

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[SIPA-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Sereno, Isabel; Santos, João (1994), SIPA, ed., Palácio das Carrancas / Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis (IPA.00005684/PT011312080020) (in Portuguese), Lisbon, Portugal: SIPA – Sistema de Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, retrieved 13 November 2016

Palace of the Carrancas(Palácio dos Carrancas)
Soares dos Santos National Museum
Palace (Palácio)
A view of the former-Palace of the Carrancas, home to the Soares dos Santos National Museum
Official name:Palácio das Carrancas/Museu Nacional Soares dos Reis

Country	Portugal
Region	Norte
Subregion	Grande Porto
District	Porto
Municipality	Porto

Location	Cedofeita, Santo Ildefonso, Sé, Miragaia, São Nicolau e Vitória
- coordinates	41°8′51.85″N8°37′17.56″W / 41.1477361°N 8.6215444°W / 41.1477361; -8.6215444 Coordinates: 41°8′51.85″N8°37′17.56″W / 41.1477361°N 8.6215444°W / 41.1477361; -8.6215444

Architects	Joaquim da Costa Lima Sampaio,Luís Chiari, Vieira Portuense, Fernando Távora
Materials	Granite, Marble, Wood, Masonry, Stucco, Tile

Origin	18th century
- Initiated	1795
Owner	Portugal

For public	Private
Visitation	Closed
Easiest access	Rua de D. Manuel II; near the Rua Adolfo Casais Monteiro

Management	Instituto Gestão do Patrimonio Arquitectónico e Arqueológico
Operator	Direção Geral do Património Cultural (Decree 114/2012, Diário da República, Série 1, 102 (25 May 2012)
Status	Property of Public Interest Imóvel de Interesse Público
Listing	Decree 24/003, Diário do Governo, Série 1, 136 (12 June 1934); Special Protection Zone non aedificandi, Dispatch, Diário do Governo, Série 2, 73 (27 March 1962)

Wikimedia Commons: Palácio dos Carrancas

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