ꥀꥋꥏꤶꤾꥉꤸ꥓ꤷꥏ
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Total population | |
3,800,000 [1] | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Indonesia (South Sumatra) | |
Languages | |
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Religion | |
Related ethnic groups | |
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Palembang, [2] [3] Palembangs, or Palembangese [4] (Palembang: wong Palembang; [5] wong kito galo) [6] are one of the indigenous Sumatrans native to the southeastern Sumatra regions of Palembang in Indonesia. There are approximately 3,800,000 native Palembang [1] living in regions across Indonesia, [7] [8] and there are about 30,000 Palembang diaspora living outside of Indonesia, mainly in Singapore. [9]
Traditionally, the Palembang indigenous traditional houses are having its own characteristics and symbolism that portrayed in architectural form. Each traditional house has its own historical and influences meaning.
Baghi house is one of the traditional Palembang houses that been well-preserved since ancient times, heavily influenced by the tribal Musi architecture. Baghi house can't be separated with the Palembang history, it is considered as one of the prominent native (Musi) architectural in terms of traditional house.
The architectural aspect of Baghi house is depicted on the coat of arms of South Sumatra to represent Palembang as the capital city of South Sumatra and to symbolize the harmony and safety of Palembang city and South Sumatra province in general that been genuinely preserved since ancient times. In 2021, the Baghi house are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [10]
Etymologically, the Cagho Godang might refers to the warehouse due to its elongated building shape that looks like warehouse, but probably also might derived from Minangkabau : Gadang, which literally means 'huge' or 'big'. But however, Cagho Godang house of Palembang are different than the well-known Minangkabau's Gadang house.
The shape of this house is like a stage and elongated with a pole as high as 2m. The main material for building this traditional house is wood. The wood used comes from tembesu, unglen, and petanang types of wood. These woods are used because apart from being strong, they are also sturdy. The Cagho Godang traditional house is divided into 3 parts, namely the back part, the middle part, and the front part. The back has a room that functions as an indoor room, kitchen, or bedroom. The middle part has a room that functions as a room for honorable or elderly guests. Meanwhile, the front has a room that is functioned as a place to rest, gather, or be used as a place to hold a feast.
In 2010, the Cagho Godang which is the traditional Palembang type of house are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [11]
The Limas house are associated with the nobility and other people of high status by the Palembang people. [12] In 2010, the Limas house (Indonesian : Rumah Limas) are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [13]
The Musi river is one of the veins of South Sumatra, according to the Dutch historical account, in early 19th century, Palembang are also known as 'the Venice of the East' or 'the water city' because more than 100 rivers and its tributary are flowing through the Palembang city. For the Palembang, the existence of rivers serves as a source of food, livelihood, and especially clean water sources. In architecture that has a 'built environment' concept, buildings are always influenced by its environmental conditions. In other words, natural conditions will directly affect human behavior, including in designing the architectural form of the house.
The Rakit house is the oldest form of traditional house in Palembang, and may have existed way before the existence of the famous Srivijaya empire. The Rakit house is also a hallmark of the community living on the river as the first floating residential dwelling that also known to the Komering community. In 2010, these type of traditional Palembang house are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [14]
The Palembang culture is one of the oldest civilisations, especially in the southern hempishere region of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is sometimes considered as a form of cultural fusion between the Javanese and Minangkabau cultures.
The Aesan is the traditional native Palembang cultural clothing. Aesan has several types, mainly the Aesan Gede and Aesan Paksangkoa.k.a.Aesan Pasangkong. Back in ancient times, Aesan were only worn by the aristocrats or wong jegho (lit. 'royal people') of Palembang, but nowadays the common Palembang community (wong jabo) could also wear these traditional costume as the cultural symbol of Palembang ethnic. It is also usually worn during the cultural Palembang ethnic events, including the traditional Palembang wedding ceremonies. In 2021, these traditional Palembang costume are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [15]
Gadis Palembang is the traditional dance of Palembang people usually performed by the female teenagers.
Gending Sriwijaya generally refers to the traditional Javanese-influenced Palembang performance whether it is a song, musical form, as well as the dance performance. Historically, Palembang was the center of Srivijaya empire (Palembang: Kadatuan Sriwijaya), the Gending Sriwijaya dance performance particularly created by the Palembang people to describes the splendor, cultural refinement, glory, and the grandeur of Srivijaya empire that once succeed on dominated much of western maritime Southeast Asia hemisphere region. In 2010, the Gending Sriwijaya are officially recognized as the Intangible Cultural Heritage by the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture. [16]
Pagar Pengantin is the traditional Palembang dance usually performed by the female dancers in the traditional cultural Palembang wedding ceremony, this dance is believed by the natives could bring the good luck or good fortune for the newly married couple. It is one of the most common traditional Palembang dances performed in Palembang wedding.
The history of Palembang is inseparable from the history of Palembang itself as the origin place and main cultural center region of Palembang people. Palembang is one of the ancient regions in Southeast Asia that plays significant role especially in trade activities. During early 6th century, Palembang functioned as the capital region of Srivijaya empire. One of the ancient inscriptions found in Palembang mentioned that Dapunta Hyang (the dynastic founder of Srivijaya empire) was originated from Minang regions in western Sumatra hemisphere:
"...marlapas dari Minānga..."
"...originating from the Minangkabau..."— information extracted from the Kedukan Bukit inscription, dates back to 600s CE
According to George Coedes, "in the second half of the 9th century, Java and Sumatra were united under the rule of a Javanese dynasty of Sailendra reigning in Java...and its centre at Palembang." [17] : 92 This is probably one of the significant factors why Palembang people had so much Javanese influence elements especially in terms of linguistic, noble system, norms, etc.
The native Palembang people speak the Palembang language (known locally as baso Palembang or kecek Palembang) as their first language. Unlike another native Sumatran languages, the Palembang language could be categorized as a mixed language between Sumatran and non-Sumatran (Minangkabauic and Javanic to be exact), which make it clumped together under the linguistic family of Javo-Sumatran languages; its existence was arose due to the Minangkabau and Javanese social trade contact in the region that been occurred since ancient times, another factors are also due to historical Javanese power who took control over the regions of southern and southeastern Sumatra hemisphere (which includes Palembang), the regions used to be under direct Javanese rule for quite long time especially during the Shailendra dynasty era [17] : 92 and Majapahit empire era. Linguistically speaking, the speech varieties within the Palembang language and the languages of its surrounding area (which include native areas of Lampung-speakers) are significantly influenced by Javanese (especially through liturgical Old Javanese), down to their core vocabularies. [18]
Javo-Sumatran | Translation | ||
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Javanese (basa Jawa) | Palembang (baso Palembang) | Minangkabau (bhaso Minangkabau) | |
abang | abang | mirah | red |
banyu | banyu | aia | water |
enak | lemak | lamak | delicious; tasty |
(h)ijo | ijo | (h)ijau | green |
iwak | iwak | ike | fish |
melok | melok | ikuik | to follow |
metu | metu | kalua | to get out |
ulo | ulo | ula | snake |
uyah | uyah | garam | salt |
wae | bae | sajo | just; only |
wong | wong | urang | people |
sitok | sikok | ciek | one |
telu | telu | tigo | three |
limo | limo | limo | five |
pitu | pitu | tujuah | seven |
According to its prominent role, the Palembang people are categorized into two main sociogrouping, the first one is the wong jegho (lit. 'aristocrats'), and the other one is wong jabo (lit. 'commoners'). The noble titles of Palembang are heavily influenced by the Javanese nobility system due to the Javanese royals relationship with the Palembang royals.
Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 475,807.63 km2 (182,812 mi.2), including adjacent islands such as the Simeulue, Nias, Mentawai, Enggano, Riau Islands, Bangka Belitung and Krakatoa archipelago.
Palembang is the capital city of the Indonesian province of South Sumatra. The city proper covers 352.51 square kilometres on both banks of the Musi River in the eastern lowlands of southern Sumatra. It had a population of 1,668,848 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 1,729,546. Palembang is the second most populous city in Sumatra, after Medan, and the twelfth most populous city in Indonesia.
Srivijaya, also spelled Sri Vijaya, was a Buddhist thalassocratic empire based on the island of Sumatra that influenced much of Southeast Asia. Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to the 11th century AD. Srivijaya was the first polity to dominate much of western Maritime Southeast Asia. Due to its location, Srivijaya developed complex technology utilizing maritime resources. In addition, its economy became progressively reliant on the booming trade in the region, thus transforming it into a prestige goods-based economy.
South Sumatra is a province of Indonesia, located in the southeast of the island of Sumatra. The capital and largest city of the province is the city of Palembang. The province borders the provinces of Jambi to the north, Bengkulu to the west and Lampung to the south, as well a maritime border with the Bangka Belitung Islands to the east. It is the largest province in the island of Sumatra, and it is slightly smaller than Portugal. The Bangka Strait in the east separates South Sumatra and the island of Bangka, which is part of the Bangka Belitung Islands province. The province has an area of 91,592.43 km2 (35,364 sq mi) and had a population of 8,467,432 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid-2022 was 8,657,008. The province is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, natural gas and coal. The province is inhabited by many different ethnic groups, with Palembangese being largest ethnic group. Most speak the Palembang language, which is mutually intelligible to both Indonesian and local Palembang Malay. Other ethnic groups include the Javanese, Sundanese, Minangkabau and Chinese. Most are concentrated in urban areas and are largely immigrants from other parts of Indonesia.
The culture of Indonesia has been shaped by long interaction between original indigenous customs and multiple foreign influences. Indonesia is centrally-located along ancient trading routes between the Far East, South Asia and the Middle East, resulting in many cultural practices being strongly influenced by a multitude of religions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Hinduism, and Islam, all strong in the major trading cities. The result is a complex cultural mixture, often different from the original indigenous cultures.
Malay houses refer to the vernacular dwellings of the Malays, an ethno-linguistic group inhabiting Sumatra, coastal Borneo and the Malay Peninsula.
Gelora Sriwijaya Stadium, also known as Jakabaring Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium located in Jakabaring Sport City complex in Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Holding 23,000 spectators., the stadium is currently used mostly for football matches. The construction began in 2001 and finished in 2004 to host the 2004 Indonesia National Games. The stadium was initially named as Jakabaring stadium after the location of the stadium in southern outskirt of Palembang. However, later the stadium was renamed "Gelora Sriwijaya", to honor and celebrate the 7th—13th century Indonesian empire of Srivijaya. The Third Place Playoff of the 2007 AFC Asian Cup was held in this stadium. The football club Sriwijaya is based at the stadium.
Songket or sungkit is a tenun fabric that belongs to the brocade family of textiles of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. It is hand-woven in silk or cotton, and intricately patterned with gold or silver threads. The metallic threads stand out against the background cloth to create a shimmering effect. In the weaving process the metallic threads are inserted in between the silk or cotton weft (latitudinal) threads in a technique called supplementary weft weaving technique.
Talempong is a traditional music of the Minangkabau people of Western Sumatra, Indonesia. The talempong produce a static texture consisting of interlocking rhythms.
The Melayu Kingdom was a classical Buddhist kingdom located in what is now the Indonesian province of Jambi in Sumatra.
Dance in Indonesia reflects the country's diversity of ethnicities and cultures. There are more than 1,300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. Austronesian roots and Melanesian tribal forms are visible, and influences ranging from neighboring Asian and even western styles through colonization. Each ethnic group has its own dances: there are more than 3,000 original dance forms in Indonesia. The old traditions of dance and drama are being preserved in the many dance schools which flourish not only in the courts but also in the modern, government-run or supervised art academies.
The Indonesian island of Sumatra is the sixth largest island in the world. The rich ethnic diversity and historical heritage in Sumatra is reflected in the range of architectural styles in the island. The vernacular style is the native Sumatran ethnic groups architecture of dwellings, while the Hindu-Buddhist architecture reflected through the cultural historical heritage of candis built in Sumatra. The third wave is Islamic architecture adopted in mosques and palace in Sumatra, especially in Aceh, North Sumatra, and Malay cultural sphere in the island.
The national costume of Indonesia is the national attire that represents the Republic of Indonesia. It is derived from Indonesian culture and Indonesian traditional textile traditions. Today the most widely recognized Indonesian national attires include batik and kebaya, although originally those attires mainly belong within the island of Java and Bali, most prominently within Javanese, Sundanese and Balinese culture. Since Java has been the political and population center of Indonesia, folk attire from the island has become elevated into national status.
The Minangkabau legend told the story of the origin of the name "Minangkabau". It is thought to be a conjunction of two words, minang ("victorious") and kabau ("buffalo").
Kedatuan were historical semi-independent city-states or principalities throughout ancient Maritime Southeast Asia in the present-day Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia. In a modern Indonesian/Malay sense, they could be described as kingdoms or polities. The earliest written record mentioning the term kadatuan was the 7th-century Srivijayan Telaga Batu and Kota Kapur inscription from Sumatra, Indonesia.
Gending Sriwijaya is the name of the traditional performance whether it is a song, music, as well as dance that originated from Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Both of the song and the dance was created to describes the splendor, cultural refinement, glory and the grandeur of Srivijaya empire that once succeed on unifying the western parts of Indonesian archipelago and Malay world generally.
Pacu Jalur is a traditional cultural Minangkabau boat race originated from the Central-Western Sumatran region of Kuantan Singingi on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. The Pacu Jalur is held annually in the river of Batang Kuantan under the Pacu Jalur Festival series of events, it is the largest annual festival for the local communities for hundreds of years.
Adityawarman Museum is a State Museum located in Padang, Western Sumatra. As a State Museum, Adityawarman Museum is officially known as the State Museum of West Sumatra. The museum displays ethnographic collections of items related to the culture of the Province of West Sumatra, particularly the culture of Minangkabau and Mentawai.
Balaputradeva Museum, officially the State Museum of South Sumatra Province "Balaputradeva", is an ethnographic museum located in Southern Sumatra's capital Palembang. The museum is the state museum of the Province of South Sumatra. The name Balaputradeva is derived from Balaputra, a 9th century sovereign of Srivijaya kingdom and the former head of the Sailendra dynasty whose main center was located in the vicinity of Palembang. Balaputradeva Museum displays the history and traditions of the province of South Sumatra.
Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II Museum is a municipal museum in Palembang, Indonesia. The museum is established inside a 19th-century building former of the office of the colonial resident of South Sumatra. The building also houses the tourist department of Palembang.
Indonesian: Wong Palembang Asli atau orang Palembang asli adalah suku yang berasal dari Palembang [The indigenous Wong Palembang or the Palembang people are the indigenous or ethnic group native to Palembang]