The Kingdom of Travancore (/ˈtrævənkɔːr/),also known as the Kingdom of Thiruvithamkoor,was an Indian kingdom from c. 1729 until 1949. It was ruled by the Travancore Royal Family from Padmanabhapuram,and later Thiruvananthapuram. At its zenith,the kingdom covered most of the south of modern-day Kerala,and the southernmost part of modern-day Tamil Nadu with the Thachudaya Kaimal's enclave of Irinjalakuda Koodalmanikyam temple in the neighbouring Kingdom of Cochin. However Tangasseri area of Kollam city and Anchuthengu near Attingal in Thiruvananthapuram district,were British colonies and were part of the Malabar District until 30 June 1927,and Tirunelveli district from 1 July 1927 onwards. Travancore merged with the erstwhile princely state of Cochin to form Travancore-Cochin in 1950. The five Tamil-majority Taluks of Vilavancode,Kalkulam,Thovalai,Agastheeswaram,and Sengottai were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to Madras State in 1956. The Malayalam-speaking regions of Travancore-Cochin merged with the Malabar District and the Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam-state of Kerala on 1 November 1956,according to the States Reorganisation Act,1956 passed by the Government of India.
Sree Padmanabhadasa Sree Chithira Thirunal Balarama Varma,popularly known as Sree Chithira Thirunal,was the last ruling Maharaja of the Indian princely state of Travancore,in southern India until 1949 and later the Titular Maharajah of Travancore until 1991. His reign is known for several notable reforms that have indelible impact on the society and culture of Kerala.
Travancore–Cochin,or Thiru–Kochi,was a short-lived state of India (1949–1956). It was originally called United State of Travancore and Cochin following the merger of two former kingdoms,Travancore and Cochin on 1 July 1949. Its original capital was Thiruvananthapuram. It was renamed State of Travancore–Cochin in January 1950. Travancore merged with erstwhile princely state of Cochin to form Travancore–Cochin in 1950. The five Tamil-majority Taluks of Vilavancode,Kalkulam,Thovalai,Agastheeswaram,and Sengottai were transferred from Travancore-Cochin to Madras State in 1956. The Malayalam-speaking regions of the Travancore–Cochin merged with the Malabar District and the Kasaragod Taluk of South Canara district in Madras State to form the modern Malayalam-state of Kerala on 1 November 1956,according to the States Reorganisation Act,1956 passed by the Government of India.
The Praja Socialist Party,abbreviated as PSP,was an Indian political party. It was founded when the Socialist Party,led by Jayaprakash Narayan,Rambriksh Benipuri,Acharya Narendra Deva and Basawon Singh (Sinha),merged with the Kisan Mazdoor Praja Party led by J. B. Kripalani.
Raman Sankar was an Indian politician,statesman,administrator,orator,educationist,writer and editor who served as the 3rd Chief Minister of Kerala from 1962 to 1964. He is the only Chief Minister of Kerala to have been ousted through No-confidence motion.
C. Kesavan was a politician,social reformer,statesman and the Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin during 1950–1952. He led the Nivarthana agitation in Travancore to gain the democratic authority for the citizens to decide on the legislation and to attain opportunities regardless of caste or social and economical status.
Paravoor Thazhathuveettil Krishnan Kartha Narayana Pillai was an Indian freedom fighter during the British Raj in India and was a member of the Indian National Congress (INC) which fought against the British rule in India. He was the last Prime Minister of Travancore and the first Chief Minister of Travancore-Cochin at the time of its formation in 1949. He was commonly known as Parur TK.
Kunnathur Kesavan Raman Pillai,also known as Raja Kesavadas was the Dewan of Travancore during the reign of Dharma Raja Karthika Thirunal Rama Varma. He is well known for his military tactics and administrative acumen. He was the mastermind in developing the Alappuzha town.
P. G. N. Unnithan was the last Diwan of independent Travancore. He succeeded C. P. Ramaswami Iyer on 20 August 1947 following the latter's resignation. He chaired the Travancore Constitutional Reforms Committee. He relinquished office on 24 March 1948 when people's government led by Pattom Thanu Pillai as Prime Minister took over.
Palai Central Bank was a commercial bank headquartered in Kerala,South India that functioned during the middle of last century. Although it was started in a small,remote city,the bank grew to become not only the largest bank but the latest institution in Kerala,after the state government,and the 17th largest among the 94 scheduled banks in India. The Kerala High Court in 1960 ordered the liquidation of Palai Central Bank on a petition from the Reserve Bank of India.
Thandaaneth Mathai Varghese (1886–1961) was an India freedom fighter,lawyer,statesman,former minister and politician from Kerala.
Akkamma Cherian was an Indian independence activist from Travancore (Kerala),India. She was popularly known as the Jhansi Rani of Travancore.
Pulloli Thomas Chacko, was an Indian politician from Chamampathal,Kottayam in central Kerala. A member of the Travancore and Travancore-Cochin Assemblies and the Constituent Assembly,Chacko served as the first Leader of Opposition of the newly formed state of Kerala. He was also the Home Minister of Kerala holding the additional portfolios of Revenue and Law during the period 1960–64. Resignation of Chacko from Congress-led cabinet in 1964 resulted in the formation of the regional party Kerala Congress.
The Sree Moolam Popular Assembly in the erstwhile state of Travancore was the first popularly elected legislature in the history of India.
Annie Mascarene was an Indian independence activist,politician and lawyer from Thiruvananthapuram,Kerala who served as a Member of the Parliament of India and was the first woman to do so.
The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960.
The present-day Kanyakumari district and parts of tenkasi district of Tamil Nadu state in India was originally a part of the Travancore-Cochin state. Between 1945 and 1956,especially after the Government of India announced plans to reorganize states along linguistic lines,the people of Tamil-majority Kanyakumari campaigned for its inclusion in the Madras State instead of the Malayalam-majority Kerala state. In Tamil,the campaign is also known as Therkku Ellai Porattam.
The Pattom A. Thanu Pillai ministry was a Kerala government ministry formed on 22 February 1960 and lasted till 26 September 1962.
Changanassery Parameswaran Pillai popularly Changanassery,was a social reformer,lawyer,judge,attorney general and the former president of the Nair Service Society. He was elected four times to the Sree Moolam Popular Assembly.
Travancore State Congress also known as the State Congress is a political party which was formed in 1938 to demand responsible governance in the princely state of Travancore.
