Paul Wegener

Last updated

Paul Wegener
Paul Wegener 2.jpg
Wegener in 1916
Born(1874-12-11)11 December 1874
Died13 September 1948(1948-09-13) (aged 73)
OccupationActor
Spouse(s) Lyda Salmonova (divorced, remarried)
Greta Schröder (m.1924, divorced)
Children1
Relatives Alfred Wegener (cousin)
Kurt Wegener (cousin)

Paul Wegener (11 December 1874 – 13 September 1948) was a German actor, writer, and film director known for his pioneering role in German expressionist cinema.

Contents

Acting career

At the age of 20, Wegener decided to end his law studies and concentrate on acting, touring the provinces before joining Max Reinhardt's acting troupe in 1906. In 1912, he turned to the new medium of motion pictures and appeared in the 1913 version of The Student of Prague . It was while making this film that he first heard the old Jewish legend of the Golem and proceeded to adapt the story to film, co-directing and co-writing the script with Henrik Galeen. His first version of the tale The Golem (1915, now lost) was a success and firmly established Wegener's reputation. In 1917, he made a parody of the story called Der Golem und die Tänzerin, but it was his reworking of the tale, The Golem: How He Came into the World (1920) which stands as one of the classics of German cinema and helped to cement Wegener's place in cinematic history.

Another of his early films was Der Yoghi (1916), in which he played the role of a yogi and young inventor, and which provided him with the opportunity to accommodate three of his interests, trick photography (it was one of the first films to feature invisibility), the supernatural and Eastern mysticism.

In 1926, he appeared in his only Hollywood film, Rex Ingram's The Magician , in which he played the Aleister Crowley-esque Oliver Haddo in an adaptation of Somerset Maugham's story, followed by The Strange Case of Captain Ramper in 1927. In 1928, he starred alongside Brigitte Helm in his old collaborator Henrik Galeen's adaptation of Hanns Heinz Ewers' Alraune , playing the Frankenstein-like Professor ten Brinken.

In 1932, Wegener made his sound debut in Richard Oswald's black comedy/horror film Unheimliche Geschichten , in which he made fun of himself as well as the whole expressionist movie genre.[ citation needed ]

Life under the Nazi regime

Wegener acting as Nathan the Wise with Gerda Muller (standing) and Agathe Poschmann in Berlin in September 1945 Fotothek df pk 0000018 030 Paul Wegener in der Titelrolle, Agathe Poschmann als Recha, Kai Moller als Sulta.jpg
Wegener acting as Nathan the Wise with Gerda Müller (standing) and Agathe Poschmann in Berlin in September 1945

When in 1933 the Nazis came to power, theatre companies were disbanded and many of the actors and directors were arrested, persecuted or exiled. However Wegener became an actor of the state and appeared in Nazi propaganda films such as Mein Leben für Irland in 1941 and Kolberg , a 1944–45 propaganda film epic about the Napoleonic Wars. [2] As the war closed Wegener was one of the first to rebuild cultural life in Berlin. He appeared in the title role in a production of Lessing's "Nathan the Wise" at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin in September 1945. [1] Despite ill health, he became president of an organization to improve standards for its inhabitants.

Personal life

He was married six times, thirdly and sixthly to the actress Lyda Salmonova (his co-star on several occasions), who became his widow. His fourth wife was Greta Schröder (previously married to the dancer Ernst Matray), who had portrayed the leading lady in F.W. Murnau's Nosferatu (1922). The geographer Alfred Wegener and the meteorologist Kurt Wegener were his cousins, and the physicist Prof. Peter P. Wegener was his son.

Late career and death

Wegener's last film was Der Grosse Mandarin (1948). In July 1948 he reprised his old role as Nathan the Wise at the Deutschen Theatre, but in the very first scene he collapsed and the curtain was brought down. Two months later, on 13 September 1948, he died in his sleep.

Selected filmography

Actor

Director

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hanns Heinz Ewers</span> German actor, poet, philosopher and writer

Hanns Heinz Ewers was a German actor, poet, philosopher, and writer of short stories and novels. While he wrote on a wide range of subjects, he is now known mainly for his works of horror, particularly his trilogy of novels about the adventures of Frank Braun, a character modeled on himself. The best known of these is Alraune (1911).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard Oswald</span> Austrian film director (1880–1963)

Richard Oswald was an Austrian film director, producer, screenwriter, and father of German-American film director Gerd Oswald.

Der Golem is a partially lost 1915 German silent horror film written and directed by Paul Wegener and Henrik Galeen. It was inspired by a Jewish folktale, the most prevalent version of the story involving 16th century Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel who created the Golem to protect his people from antisemites. Wegener claimed the film was based on Gustav Meyrink's 1915 novel The Golem, but, as the movie has little to do with existing Jewish traditions, Troy Howarth states "it is more likely that simply drew upon European folklore".

Rochus Gliese was a German actor, director, production designer, and Academy Award-nominated art director of early films from the 1910s and 1920s. He was born in Berlin.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Guido Seeber</span> German cinematographer

Guido Seeber was a German cinematographer and pioneer of early cinema.

<i>The Golem: How He Came into the World</i> 1920 film

The Golem: How He Came into the World is a 1920 German silent horror film and a leading example of early German Expressionism. Director Paul Wegener, who co-directed the film with Carl Boese and co-wrote the script with Henrik Galeen based on Gustav Meyrink's 1915 novel, stars as the titular creature, a being in Jewish folklore created from clay. Photographer Karl Freund went on to work on the 1930s classic Universal horror films years later in Hollywood.

<i>Alraune</i> (1928 film) 1928 film

Alraune is a 1928 German silent science fiction horror film directed by Henrik Galeen and starring Brigitte Helm in which a prostitute is artificially inseminated with the semen of a hanged man. The story is based upon the legend of Alraune. In this version, the blasphemous sexual union causes the progeny to grow to adulthood quickly, behave in a sexually promiscuous fashion and cause the men who fall in love with her nothing but hardship, heartache and financial ruin, if not death.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Werner Krauss</span> German actor (1884–1959)

Werner Johannes Krauss was a German stage and film actor. Krauss dominated the German stage of the early 20th century. However, his participation in the antisemitic propaganda film Jud Süß and his collaboration with the Nazis made him a controversial figure.

<i>The Student of Prague</i> (1926 film) 1926 film

The Student of Prague is a 1926 German Expressionist silent film by actor and filmmaker Henrik Galeen.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Gottowt</span> Austrian actor

John Gottowt was an Austrian actor, stage director and film director for theatres and silent movies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nils Olaf Chrisander</span> Swedish actor and film director

Nils Olaf Chrisander was a Swedish actor and film director in the early part of the twentieth century.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Georg John</span> German actor (1879–1941)

Georg John was a German stage and film actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul Davidson (producer)</span> German film producer (1867–1927)

Paul Davidson was a German film producer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wilhelm Diegelmann</span> German actor (1861–1934)

Wilhelm Diegelmann was a German actor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyda Salmonova</span> Czech actress

Lyda Salmonova was a Czech stage and film actress who appeared primarily in German films. She was married to the actor Paul Wegener and appeared alongside him in a number of films.

Henrik Galeen was an Austrian-born actor, screenwriter and film director considered an influential figure in the development of German Expressionist cinema during the silent era.

The Lost Shadow is a 1921 German silent film directed by Rochus Gliese and starring Paul Wegener, Wilhelm Bendow and Adele Sandrock. The cinematographer was Karl Freund. The film's sets were designed by the art director Kurt Richter. It was shot at the Tempelhof Studios in Berlin. For some reason, the film was only released in the US in 1928. It is today considered a lost film.

<i>Homunculus</i> (film) 1916 film

Homunculus is a 1916 German silent science fiction serial film directed by Otto Rippert and written by Robert Reinert. Other sources list Robert Neuss as a co-writer. Fritz Lang was one of Rippert's assistants during filming. It was originally produced by Deutsche Bioscop GmbH.

<i>Hans Trutz in the Land of Plenty</i> 1917 film

Hans Trutz in the Land of Plenty is a 1917 German silent fantasy film directed by and starring Paul Wegener and also featuring Lyda Salmonova and Ernst Lubitsch. It was one of a trilogy of fairytale-inspired films made by Wegener, along with Rübezahl's Wedding and The Pied Piper of Hamelin.

<i>Rübezahls Wedding</i> 1916 film

Rübezahl's Wedding is a 1916 German silent fantasy drama film directed by Rochus Gliese and Paul Wegener and starring Wegener, Lyda Salmonova, and Georg Jacoby. It was the first in a trilogy of fairytale films made by Wegener also including Hans Trutz in the Land of Plenty and The Pied Piper of Hamelin.

References

  1. 1 2 photo, from the Berlin production, Retrieved 27 July 2015
  2. "Der Student von Prag (1913) – Overview – MSN Movies". Archived from the original on 23 September 2012. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
  3. Henry Nicolella and John T. Soister. Many Selves: The Horror and Fantasy Films of Paul Wegener. BearManor Media. pp. 442–. GGKEY:615ZSK679BA.

Further reading