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Pierre-Charles Laurent de Villedeuil (11 October 1742, Bouchain - 28 April 1828, Paris) was Controller-General of Finances under Louis XVI of France. His father, the engineer Pierre-Joseph Laurent, became rich thanks to his part in founding the compagnie des mines d'Anzin and was ennobled around 1750 as marquis de Villedeuil.
Initially intendant for the Généralité of Rouen, on 3 May 1787 Loménie de Brienne made him controller general of finance, succeeding Michel Bouvard de Fourqueux. France's economy was in a severe crisis that his predecessors Calonne and Bouvard de Fourqueux had been unable to resolve. It was Brienne who actually acted as finance minister, with Villedeuil doing the work under his control - the latter left the role only four months later, pleading ill health.
During his short time in the role, the measures he put in places did not prove sufficient to rectify the situation or to avoid the assembly of the Estates General. Opposing the Estates General, he left for England in July 1789 but returned to France in 1792 to plan Louis XVI's escape after the failure of his attempt to flee at Varennes. After Louis' execution he emigrated to Scotland and only returned to France after the fall of Napoleon. After the Bourbon Restoration he was elected a member of the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres and made a knight commander of the king's orders. He was painted by Charles Crauk early in the 19th century - the portrait is in the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Valenciennes.
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Louis XVI was the last king of France before the fall of the monarchy during the French Revolution.
Louis XVIII, known as the Desired, was King of France from 1814 to 1824, except for a brief interruption during the Hundred Days in 1815. He spent 23 years in exile from 1791: during the French Revolution and the First French Empire (1804–1814), and during the Hundred Days.
Jacques Necker was a Genevan banker and statesman who served as finance minister for Louis XVI. He was a reformer, but his innovations sometimes caused great discontent. Necker was a constitutional monarchist, a political economist, and a moralist, who wrote a severe critique of the new principle of equality before the law.
Pierre Victor, baron Malouet, was a French colonial administrator, planter, conservative publicist and monarchist politician, who signed as an émigré the Whitehall Accord.
Étienne Charles de Loménie de Brienne was a French clergyman, bishop, cardinal, politician and finance minister of Louis XVI.
Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet was a French politician of the Revolutionary period. His brother, Robert Thomas Lindet, became a constitutional bishop and member of the National Convention. Although his role may not have been spectacular, Jean-Baptiste Lindet came to be the embodiment of the growing middle class that came to dominate French politics during the Revolution.
Charles Alexandre de Calonne, titled Count of Hannonville in 1759, was a French statesman, best known for being Louis XVI's Controller-General of Finances in the years leading up to the French revolution.
The Estates General of 1789(French: États Généraux de 1789) was a general assembly representing the French estates of the realm: the clergy, the nobility, and the commoners. It was the last of the Estates General of the Kingdom of France.
An Assembly of Notables was a group of high-ranking nobles, ecclesiastics, and state functionaries convened by the King of France on extraordinary occasions to consult on matters of state. Assemblymen were prominent men, usually of the aristocracy, and included royal princes, peers, archbishops, high-ranking judges, and, in some cases, major town officials. The king would issue one or more reforming edicts after hearing their advice.
The Controller-General or Comptroller-General of Finances was the name of the minister in charge of finances in France from 1661 to 1791. It replaced the former position of Superintendent of Finances, which was abolished with the downfall of Nicolas Fouquet. It did not hold any real political power until 1665, when First Minister Jean-Baptiste Colbert, who had acted upon financial matters since Fouquet's embezzlement charge, was appointed to the office.
The Day of the Tiles was an event that took place in the French town of Grenoble on 7 June in 1788. It was one of the first disturbances which preceded the French Revolution, and is credited by a few historians as its start.
The Diocese of Nancy and Toul is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in France. After a considerable political struggle between Louis XV, Louis XVI, and the Dukes of Lorraine, the diocese was erected by Pope Pius VI on 17 December 1777. The Diocese of Nancy is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Besançon.
The Menus-Plaisirs du Roi was, in the organisation of the French royal household under the Ancien Régime, the department of the Maison du Roi responsible for the "lesser pleasures of the King", which meant in practice that it was in charge of all the preparations for ceremonies, events and festivities, down to the last detail of design and order.
The Diocese of Moulins is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The episcopal see is located in the city of Moulins. The diocese comprises all of the department of Allier in the region of Auvergne.
Antoine Claude Nicolas Valdec de Lessart was a French politician. He was the illegitimate son of the Baron de Gasq, Président of the Parlement de Guyenne.
‘Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade, 2nd Duke of La Vauguyon' and sometimes mistakenly Paul François de Quélen de Stuer de Caussade de La Vauguyon was a French nobleman. He was governor of Cognac, after having been involved in the last campaigns of the Seven Years' War. He wrote a Portrait de feu monseigneur le Dauphin and was menin to the future Louis XVI, one of the Dauphin's sons. A peer of France, brigadier, maréchal de camp, knight of the ordre du Saint-Esprit, he was chosen to be minister plenipotentiary to the Estates General of the Dutch Republic. He later became French ambassador to Spain, knight of the Golden Fleece, temporary minister of foreign affairs in 1789, then minister of the conseil d'État of Louis XVIII in Verona. He was the main intermediary among Louis's agents in France, but became the victim of intrigues. From the Restoration onwards he was lieutenant général and sat in the peerage of France, where he was noted for his moderation. He and his wife had four children, but the Quelen line died out with his children.
The Minister for the Maison du Roi was a cabinet role under the French monarchy, conferring leadership of the Maison du Roi.
Étienne Maynon d'Invault was a French statesman.
Charles François Laurent was a French senior civil servant, specializing in finance. He was president of the Cour des comptes . After taking early retirement at the age of 53 he became a businessman. He became a member of the board of the Suez Canal Company and president of the French branch of Thomson-Houston. Laurent was co-founder of the Crédit National. After World War I (1914–18) he was French ambassador in Berlin between 1920 and 1922 and was involved in discussions of reparations.
One Nation, One King is a 2018 French film written and directed by Pierre Schoeller. It stars Adèle Haenel, Gaspard Ulliel, Laurent Lafitte and Louis Garrel, and shows the French Revolution in Paris from the storming of the Bastille to the execution of the King. The film made its world premiere out of competition at the 75th Venice International Film Festival on 7 September 2018. It was released in France by StudioCanal on 26 September 2018.
