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Proteobacteria is a major phylum of Gram-negative bacteria. They include a wide variety of pathogenic genera, such as Escherichia, Salmonella, Vibrio, Helicobacter, Yersinia, Legionellales, and many others. Others are free-living (nonparasitic) and include many of the bacteria responsible for nitrogen fixation.
Deinococcus–Thermus is a phylum of bacteria that are highly resistant to environmental hazards, also known as extremophiles. These bacteria have thick cell walls that give them gram-positive stains, but they include a second membrane and so are closer in structure to those of gram-negative bacteria. Cavalier-Smith calls this clade Hadobacteria.
Caulobacteraceae is a family of proteobacteria within the alpha subgroup. Like all Proteobacteria, the Caulobacteraceae are gram-negative. Caulobacteraceae includes the genera Asticcacaulis, Brevundimonas, Phenylobacterium and Caulobacter.
The Hyphomicrobiales are an order of Gram-negative Alphaproteobacteria.
The Comamonadaceae are a family of the Betaproteobacteria. Like all Proteobacteria, they are Gram-negative. They are aerobic and most of the species are motile via flagella. The cells are curved rod-shaped.
The Syntrophobacterales are an order of Proteobacteria, with two families. All genera are strictly anaerobic. Many of the family Syntrophobacteraceae are sulfate-reducing. Some species are motile by using one polar flagellum.
The Aeromonadales are an order of Proteobacteria, with 10 genera in two families. The species are anaerobic. The cells are rod-shaped. Some species of this order are motile by a single polar flagellum; others are not motile.
The Moraxellaceae are a family of Gammaproteobacteria, including a few pathogenic species. Others are harmless commensals of mammals and humans or occur in water or soil. The species are mesophilic or psychrotrophic (Psychrobacter).
Oceanospirillaceae is a family of Proteobacteria. Most genera in this family live in environments with high concentrations of salt; they are halotolerant or halophilic. They are marine, except Balneatrix which is found in fresh water.
The Bacillales are an order of Gram-positive bacteria, placed within the Firmicutes. Representative genera include Bacillus, Listeria and Staphylococcus.
The Caryophanaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria. In 2020, the now defunct family Planococcaceae was merged into Caryophanaceae to rectify a nomenclature anomaly. The type genus of this family is Caryophanon.
The Enterococcaceae are a family of Gram-positive bacteria placed in the order Lactobacillales. Representative genera include Enterococcus, Melissococcus, Pilibacter, Tetragenococcus, and Vagococcus. In this family are some important lactic acid bacteria which produce lactic acid as the major metabolic end product.
The order Bacteroidales comprises ten families of environmental bacteria. Notably it includes the genera Prevotella and Bacteroides, which are commonly found in the human gut microbiota.
Demequinaceae is Actinomycete family.
Sporosarcina is a genus of bacteria.
Sporosarcina aquimarina is a rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Sporosarcina.
Ureibacillus is a genus of gram-positive bacteria. Ureibacilli are motile and form spherical endospores. The type species of the genus is Ureibacillus thermosphaericus.
Metasolibacillus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metasolibacillus meyeri.
Metalysinibacillus is a genus of Gram-Positive rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metalysinibacillus jejuensis.
Metaplanococcus is a genus of Gram-Positive or Gram-variable, cocci or short rod-shaped bacteria in the family Caryophanaceae from the order Caryophanales. The type species of this genus is Metaplanococcus flavidus.
References
- ↑ George M. Garrity; Vos, P.; Garrity, G.; Jones, D.; Krieg, N.R.; Ludwig, W.; Rainey, F.A.; Schleifer, K.-H.; Whitman, W.B. (September 15, 2009) [1984(Williams & Wilkins)]. The Firmicutes. Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 3 (2nd ed.). New York: Springer. p. 1450. ISBN 978-0-387-95041-9. British Library no. GBA561951.
- ↑ Euzéby, J. P. "List of Prokaryotic Names with Standing in Nomenclature" . Retrieved 2014-03-25.
- ↑ Gupta, Radhey S.; Patel, Sudip (2020-01-14). "Robust Demarcation of the Family Caryophanaceae (Planococcaceae) and Its Different Genera Including Three Novel Genera Based on Phylogenomics and Highly Specific Molecular Signatures". Frontiers in Microbiology. 10. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.02821. ISSN 1664-302X.
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