Pleurogona

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Pleurogona
Botrylloidesleachi.jpg
Botryllus schlosseri
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Tunicata
Class: Ascidiacea
Order: Pleurogona
Families

Pleurogona is an order of tunicates which is no longer in use as it contains the same families as Stolidobranchia. [1]

One of the more invasive species of this order is the "stalked (or leathery or solitary) sea squirt" Styela clava  . [2] [3] [4] Other invasive genera include the "chain sea squirts" or "chain tunicates" of the genus Botrylloides   [5] [6] and the "golden star tunicate" Botryllus schlosseri  . [7]

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<i>Styela clava</i> Species of sea squirt

Styela clava is a solitary, subtidal ascidian tunicate. It has a variety of common names such as the stalked sea squirt, clubbed tunicate, Asian tunicate, leathery sea squirt, or rough sea squirt. As its common names suggest, S. clava is club-shaped with an elongated oval body and a long peduncle for attaching to a substrate. Although native to the northwestern waters of the Pacific Ocean, since the 1900s, S. clava has become an increasingly successful invasive species outside of its native range. It is edible.

<i>Botryllus schlosseri</i> Species of sea squirt

Botryllus schlosseri is a colonial ascidian tunicate. It is commonly known as the star tunicate, but it also has several other common names, including star ascidian and golden star tunicate. Colonies grow on slow-moving, submerged objects, plants, and animals in nearshore saltwater environments.

<i>Botrylloides</i> Genus of Ascidiacea

Botrylloides is a genus of ascidian tunicates in the family Styelidae.

<i>Botrylloides violaceus</i> Species of sea squirt

Botrylloides violaceus is a colonial ascidian. It is commonly known as the chain tunicate, but has also been called several other common names, including: lined colonial tunicate, orange sheath tunicate, orange tunicate, and violet tunicate. Its native range is in the northwest Pacific from southern China to Japan and Siberia. Colonies grow on solid substrates and consist of individuals arranged in twisting rows. Outside its native range, it is considered an invasive species and is becoming more common in coastal waters of North America and other waters around the world, likely being spread by shipping industries.

Warty sea squirt may refer to:

<i>Cancer bellianus</i> Species of crab

Cancer bellianus, the toothed rock crab, is a common species of crab in the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Caecum clarkii is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

<i>Caecum trachea</i> Species of gastropod

Caecum trachea is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Caecidae.

<i>Hyala vitrea</i> Species of gastropod

Hyala vitrea is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Iravadiidae.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aquatic invasive species in Canada</span>

Canadian aquatic invasive species are all forms of life that traditionally has not been native to Canada's waterways. In Eastern Canada, non-native plant and animal species are a concern to biologists. Bringing non-native species such as invasive fishes into Canada can damage the environment and ecosystem by repressing native species due to food competition or preying. Invasive fishes enter the fresh waters of Canada in several ways including drifting, deliberate introduction, accidental release, experimental purposes and, most commonly, through the attachment on international boat hulls. Invasive species are the second biggest threat to fish and other marine life in Canada behind loss of habitat and degradation. The threat to native species is primarily caused by impacts on the food web; however, invasive species also bring dangerous pathogens and physically interfere with existing aquatic life. Invasive species include sea lampreys, zebra mussels, smallmouth bass, European green crab, vase tunicate, and sea squirts.

<i>Styela montereyensis</i> Species of tunicate

Styela montereyensis, also called the stalked tunicate, Monterey stalked tunicate, and the long-stalked sea squirt is a solitary ascidian tunicate. It has a cylindrical, yellow to dark reddish-brown body and a thin trunk that anchors it to rocks. It is found in subtidal areas of the western coast of North America from Vancouver Island to Baja California.

<i>Eulimella scillae</i> Species of gastropod

Eulimella scillae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

<i>Eulimella ventricosa</i> Species of gastropod

Eulimella ventricosa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

Brachystomia carrozzai is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.

<i>Ascidiella aspersa</i> Species of sea squirt

Ascidiella aspersa, the European sea squirt, is a species of solitary sea squirts native to the northeastern Atlantic, from the Mediterranean Sea to Norway. They possess oval bodies up to 50 to 130 mm in length. Their branchial siphons are conical and positioned at the top of the body. They possess six to eight lobes. The atrial siphons are located at the upper third of the side of the body and possess six lobes. The body is covered by a firm transparent test that is greyish to brown in color. The test often snag detritus that remain loosely attached to the animal. When expanded, at most 40 tentacles can be observed on the inside surface of the branchial wall. Both the openings of the branchial and atrial siphons possess lighter colored ridges on their rims. They may also be frilled at times. A. aspersa are attached to the substrates by the left side of their bodies. They can be found in dense groups of unfused individuals on hard surfaces like rocks. at depths of up to 90 m (300 ft).

<i>Polyclinum aurantium</i> Species of sea squirt

Polyclinum aurantium is a species of colonial sea squirt, a tunicate in the family Polyclinidae. It is native to shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.

<i>Polycarpa pomaria</i> Species of sea squirt

Polycarpa pomaria is a species of tunicate or sea squirt in the family Styelidae. It is native to the northeastern Atlantic Ocean where it lives on the seabed at depths down to about 450 metres (1,500 ft).

<i>Boltenia echinata</i> Species of sea squirt

Boltenia echinata, commonly known as the cactus sea squirt, is a species of tunicate, a marine invertebrate in the genus Boltenia of the family Pyuridae. It is native to the Arctic Ocean and the northern Atlantic Ocean.

References

  1. Gittenberger, A.; Sanamyan, K. (2015). Pleurogona. In: Shenkar, N.; Gittenberger, A.; Lambert, G.; Rius, M.; Moreira Da Rocha, R.; Swalla, B.J.; Turon, X. (2015) Ascidiacea World Database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2015-12-23
  2. "Leathery sea squirt Styela clava Herdman, 1881". CSIRO. 2006-12-07. Archived from the original on 2007-04-11. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  3. "Asian stalked sea squirt, Pacific rough sea squirt (Styela clava)". University of Rhode Island. Archived from the original on 2007-01-26. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  4. "Invasive sea squirt (Styela clava) fact sheet". NIWA Science. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-02-16.
  5. M.J. de Kluijver & S.S. Ingalsuo. "Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Botrylloides leachi". University of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 2011-07-17.
  6. Andrew N. Cohen (2005-06-07). "Guide to the Exotic Species of San Francisco Bay: Botrylloides violaceus Oka, 1927". San Francisco Estuary Institute.
  7. M.J. de Kluijver & S.S. Ingalsuo. "Macrobenthos of the North Sea: Botrylloides schlosseri". University of Amsterdam. Archived from the original on 2010-09-01.