Pro-nuclear movement

Last updated

There are large variations in people's understanding of the issues surrounding nuclear power, including the technology itself, climate change mitigation, and energy security. Proponents of nuclear energy contend that nuclear power is a sustainable energy source that reduces carbon emissions and increases energy security by decreasing dependence on imported energy sources. Opponents believe that nuclear power poses many threats to people and the environment. While nuclear power has historically been opposed by many environmentalist organisations, some support it, as do some scientists.

Contents

Context

During a two-day symposium on "Atomic Power in Australia" at the New South Wales University of Technology, Sydney, which began on 31 August 1954, Marcus Oliphant (left), Homi Jehangir Bhabha (centre) and Philip Baxter, share a cup of tea Baxter Oliphant (1954).jpg
During a two-day symposium on "Atomic Power in Australia" at the New South Wales University of Technology, Sydney, which began on 31 August 1954, Marcus Oliphant (left), Homi Jehangir Bhabha (centre) and Philip Baxter, share a cup of tea

Nuclear energy is often considered to be a controversial area of public policy. [1] [2] The debate about nuclear power peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, when it "reached an intensity unprecedented in the history of technology controversies", in some countries. [3] [4]

Proponents of nuclear energy point to the fact that nuclear power produces very little conventional air pollution, greenhouse gases, and smog, in contrast to fossil fuel sources of energy. [5] Proponents also argue that perceived risks of storing waste are exaggerated, and point to an operational safety record in the Western world which is excellent in comparison to the other major kinds of power plants. [6] Historically, there have been numerous proponents of nuclear energy, including Georges Charpak, Glenn T. Seaborg, Edward Teller, Alvin M. Weinberg, Eugene Wigner, Ted Taylor, and Jeff Eerkens. There are also scientists who write favorably about nuclear energy in terms of the broader energy landscape, including Robert B. Laughlin, Michael McElroy, and Vaclav Smil. In particular, Laughlin writes in "Powering the Future" (2011) that expanded use of nuclear power will be nearly inevitable, either because of a political choice to leave fossil fuels in the ground, or because fossil fuels become depleted.

Lobbying and public relations activities

Globally, there are dozens of companies with an interest in the nuclear industry, including Areva, BHP, Cameco, China National Nuclear Corporation, EDF, Iberdrola, Nuclear Power Corporation of India, Ontario Power Generation, Rosatom, Tokyo Electric Power Company, and Vattenfall. Many of these companies lobby politicians and others about nuclear power expansion, undertake public relation activities, petition government authorities, as well as influence public policy through referendum campaigns and involvement in elections. [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]

The nuclear industry has "tried a variety of strategies to persuade the public to accept nuclear power", including the publication of numerous "fact sheets" that discuss issues of public concern. [12] Nuclear proponents have worked to boost public support by offering newer, safer, reactor designs. These designs include those that incorporate passive safety and Small Modular Reactors.

Since 2000 the nuclear industry has undertaken an international media and lobbying campaign to promote nuclear power as a solution to the greenhouse effect and climate change. Though reactor operation is free of carbon dioxide emissions, other stages of the nuclear fuel chain – from uranium mining, to reactor decommissioning and radioactive waste management – use fossil fuels and hence emit carbon dioxide.

The Nuclear Energy Institute has formed various sub-groups to promote nuclear power. These include the Washington-based Clean and Safe Energy Coalition, which was formed in 2006 and led by Patrick Moore. Christine Todd Whitman, former head of the USEPA has also been involved. Clean Energy America is another group also sponsored by the NEI. [13]

In Britain, James Lovelock well known for his Gaia Hypothesis began to support nuclear power in 2004. He is patron of the Supporters of Nuclear Energy. SONE also recognise that there are serious technical challenges associated with an electric grid reliant on intermittent and low density sources of energy. The main nuclear lobby group in Britain is FORATOM. [13]

As of 2014, the U.S. nuclear industry has begun a new lobbying effort, hiring three former senators — Evan Bayh, a Democrat; Judd Gregg, a Republican; and Spencer Abraham, a Republican — as well as William M. Daley, a former staffer to President Obama. The initiative is called Nuclear Matters, and it has begun a newspaper advertising campaign. [14]

Organizations supporting nuclear power

In March 2017, a bipartisan group of eight senators, including five Republicans and three Democrats introduced S. 512, the Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act (NEIMA). The legislation would help to modernize the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), support the advancement of the nation's nuclear industry and develop the regulatory framework to enable the licensing of advanced nuclear reactors, while improving the efficiency of uranium regulation. Letters of support for this legislation were provided by thirty-six organizations, including for profit enterprises, non-profit organizations and educational institutions. The most prominent entities from that group and other well-known organizations actively supporting the continued or expanded use of nuclear power as a solution for providing clean, reliable energy include:

The United States generates about 19% of its electricity from nuclear power plants. Nearly 60% of all clean energy generated in the U.S. comes from nuclear power.[ citation needed ] Studies have shown that closing a nuclear power plant results in greatly increased carbon emissions as only burning coal or natural gas can make up for the massive amount of energy lost from a nuclear power plant.[ citation needed ] Even though there have long been protests against nuclear power, the effect of long-term scrutiny has elevated safety within the industry, making nuclear power the safest form of energy in operation today, despite the fact that many continue to fear it.[ citation needed ] Nuclear power plants create thousands of jobs, many in health and safety jobs, and seldom experience protests from area residents, as they bring large amounts of economic activity, attract educated employees and leave the air clear safe, unlike oil, coal or gas plants, which bring disease and environmental damage to their workers and neighbors.[ citation needed ] Nuclear engineers have traditionally worked, directly or indirectly, in the nuclear power industry, in academia or for national laboratories. More recently, young nuclear engineers have started to innovate and launch new companies, becoming entrepreneurs in order to bring their enthusiasm for using the power of the atom to address the climate crisis. As of June 2015, Third Way released a report identifying 48 nuclear start-ups or projects organized to work on nuclear innovations in what is being called "advanced nuclear" designs. [21] Current research in the industry is directed at producing economical, proliferation-resistant reactor designs with passive safety features. Although government labs research the same areas as industry, they also study a myriad of other issues such as nuclear fuels and nuclear fuel cycles, advanced reactor designs, and nuclear weapon design and maintenance. A principal pipeline for trained personnel for US reactor facilities is the Navy Nuclear Power Program. The job outlook for nuclear engineering from the year 2012 to the year 2022 is predicted to grow 9% due to many elder nuclear engineers retiring, safety systems needing to be updated in power plants, and the advancements made in nuclear medicine. [22]

Individuals supporting nuclear power

A pragmatic need for secure energy supply is a leading reason for many to support nuclear energy. Many people, including former opponents of nuclear energy, now say that nuclear energy is necessary for reducing carbon dioxide emissions. They recognize that the threat to humanity from climate change is far worse than any risk associated with nuclear energy. Many nuclear energy supporters, but not all, acknowledge that renewable energy is also important to the effort to eliminate emissions. Early environmentalists who publicly voiced support for nuclear power include James Lovelock, originator of the Gaia hypothesis, Patrick Moore, an early member of Greenpeace and former president of Greenpeace Canada, George Monbiot and Stewart Brand, creator of the Whole Earth Catalog. [23] [24] Lovelock goes further to refute claims about the danger of nuclear energy and its waste products. [25] In a January 2008 interview, Moore said that "It wasn't until after I'd left Greenpeace and the climate change issue started coming to the forefront that I started rethinking energy policy in general and realized that I had been incorrect in my analysis of nuclear as being some kind of evil plot." [26] There are increasing numbers of scientists and laymen who are environmentalists with views that depart from the mainstream environmental stance that rejects a role for nuclear power in the climate fight (once labelled "Nuclear Greens," [27] some now consider themselves Ecomodernists).

Other academics and professionals, alarmed by the exaggerated impact media coverage of nuclear accidents have formed a group called Scientists for Accurate Radiation Information (SARI). [28] This was formed after a tsunami in Japan in 2011 caused an accidental release at Fukushima Daiichi, local people were unnecessarily relocated and psychologically stressed by false fears. This evacuation is estimated to have produced increased mortality rates equivalent to 2,313 deaths. [29] This effective suffering is known as the ‘nocebo’ effect, and describes a situation where a negative outcome occurs due to a belief that an intervention will cause harm.

Others who have spoken publicly on the benefits of nuclear power include:

Scientists

James Edward Hansen James Hansen profile.jpg
James Edward Hansen
Prof. Barry W. Brook Barry W Brook.jpg
Prof. Barry W. Brook

Non-scientists

Open letter signatories

Climate and energy scientists in 2013: there is no credible path to climate stabilization that does not include a substantial role for nuclear power [69] [70] [71] [72]

Conservation biologists in 2014: to replace the burning of fossil fuels, if we are to have any chance of mitigating severe climate change […we] need to accept a substantial role for advanced nuclear power systems with complete fuel recycling [73] [74] [75]

The following is a list of people that signed the open letter: [76]

Future prospects

The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, located in France, is the world's largest and most advanced experimental tokamak nuclear fusion reactor project. A collaboration between the European Union (EU), India, Japan, China, Russia, South Korea and the United States, the project aims to make a transition from experimental studies of plasma physics to electricity-producing fusion power plants. However, the World Nuclear Association says that nuclear fusion "presents so far insurmountable scientific and engineering challenges". [78] Construction of the ITER facility began in 2007, but the project has run into many delays and budget overruns. The facility is now not expected to begin operations until the year 2027 – 11 years after initially anticipated. [79]

Another nuclear power program is the Energy Impact Center's OPEN100 project. OPEN100 was launched in 2020 and has published open-source blueprints for a nuclear power plant with a 100-megawatt pressurized water reactor. [80] The project aims to minimize the costs and duration of construction to increase nuclear power supply and potentially reverse the effects of climate change. [81]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear power</span> Power generated from nuclear reactions

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity. Nuclear power can be obtained from nuclear fission, nuclear decay and nuclear fusion reactions. Presently, the vast majority of electricity from nuclear power is produced by nuclear fission of uranium and plutonium in nuclear power plants. Nuclear decay processes are used in niche applications such as radioisotope thermoelectric generators in some space probes such as Voyager 2. Generating electricity from fusion power remains the focus of international research.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Energy development</span> Methods bringing energy into production

Energy development is the field of activities focused on obtaining sources of energy from natural resources. These activities include the production of renewable, nuclear, and fossil fuel derived sources of energy, and for the recovery and reuse of energy that would otherwise be wasted. Energy conservation and efficiency measures reduce the demand for energy development, and can have benefits to society with improvements to environmental issues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patrick Moore (consultant)</span> Canadian industry consultant, former activist

Patrick Albert Moore is a Canadian industry consultant, former activist, an early member and past president of Greenpeace Canada. Since leaving Greenpeace in 1986, Moore has criticized the environmental movement for what he sees as scare tactics and disinformation, saying that the environmental movement "abandoned science and logic in favor of emotion and sensationalism". Greenpeace has criticized Moore, calling him "a paid spokesman for the nuclear industry, the logging industry, and genetic engineering industry" who "exploits long-gone ties with Greenpeace to sell himself as a speaker and pro-corporate spokesperson".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mark Lynas</span> British author and journalist (born 1973)

Mark Lynas is a British author and journalist whose work is focused on environmentalism and climate change. He has written for the New Statesman, The Ecologist, Granta and Geographical magazines, and The Guardian and The Observer newspapers in the UK, as well as the New York Times and Washington Post in the United States; he also worked on and appeared in the film The Age of Stupid. He was born in Fiji, grew up in Peru, Spain and the United Kingdom and holds a degree in history and politics from the University of Edinburgh. He has published several books including Six Degrees: Our Future on a Hotter Planet (2007) and The God Species: Saving the Planet in the Age of Humans (2011). Lynas is research and climate lead for the Alliance for Science and is co-founder of the pro-science environmental network RePlanet. Since 2009 he has been climate advisor to former president of the Maldives Mohamed Nasheed, and he currently works to assist Nasheed with the Climate Vulnerable Forum, a group of the world's most climate-vulnerable 58 developing countries. He is a strategic advisor for the international ecomodernist NGO WePlanet. He has co-authored a number of peer-reviewed scientific publications, including a 2021 paper which found that the consensus on anthropogenic climate change in the scholarly literature now exceeds 99%.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-nuclear movement</span> Social movement

The anti-nuclear movement is a social movement that opposes various nuclear technologies. Some direct action groups, environmental movements, and professional organisations have identified themselves with the movement at the local, national, or international level. Major anti-nuclear groups include Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, Friends of the Earth, Greenpeace, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War, Peace Action, Seneca Women's Encampment for a Future of Peace and Justice and the Nuclear Information and Resource Service. The initial objective of the movement was nuclear disarmament, though since the late 1960s opposition has included the use of nuclear power. Many anti-nuclear groups oppose both nuclear power and nuclear weapons. The formation of green parties in the 1970s and 1980s was often a direct result of anti-nuclear politics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear power in the United States</span>

In the United States, nuclear power is provided by 94 commercial reactors with a net capacity of 97 gigawatts (GW), with 63 pressurized water reactors and 31 boiling water reactors. In 2019, they produced a total of 809.41 terawatt-hours of electricity, which accounted for 20% of the nation's total electric energy generation. In 2018, nuclear comprised nearly 50 percent of US emission-free energy generation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear Energy Institute</span> Nuclear industry trade association

The Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) is a nuclear industry trade association in the United States, based in Washington, D.C.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Anti-nuclear movement in the United States</span> Movement opposing the use of nuclear power, weapons, and/or uranium mining

The anti-nuclear movement in the United States consists of more than 80 anti-nuclear groups that oppose nuclear power, nuclear weapons, and/or uranium mining. These have included the Abalone Alliance, Clamshell Alliance, Committee for Nuclear Responsibility, Nevada Desert Experience, Nuclear Information and Resource Service, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Plowshares Movement, United Steelworkers of America (USWA) District 31, Women Strike for Peace, Nukewatch, and Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. Some fringe aspects of the anti-nuclear movement have delayed construction or halted commitments to build some new nuclear plants, and have pressured the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to enforce and strengthen the safety regulations for nuclear power plants. Most groups in the movement focus on nuclear weapons.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jim Green (activist)</span> Australian environmentalist

Jim Green is an anti-nuclear campaigner with Friends of the Earth Australia. Green is a regular media commentator on nuclear issues. He has an honours degree in public health from the University of Wollongong and was awarded a PhD in science and technology studies for his analysis of the Lucas Heights research reactor debates.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Michael Shellenberger</span> American author and environmental policy writer (born 1971)

Michael D. Shellenberger is a professor, author, and journalist who writes on a wide range of topics including free speech, homelessness, and the environment. He is a co-founder of the Breakthrough Institute and the California Peace Coalition. Shellenberger founded the pro-nuclear non-profit Environmental Progress in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear power in Australia</span>

Nuclear power in Australia has been a topic of debate since the 1930s. Australia has one nuclear reactor at Lucas Heights, New South Wales, although it is only used to produce radionuclides for nuclear medicine, and does not produce electricity. Australia hosts 33% of the world's proven uranium deposits, and is currently the world’s third largest producer of uranium after Kazakhstan and Canada.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nuclear power debate</span> Controversy over the use of nuclear power

The nuclear power debate is a long-running controversy about the risks and benefits of using nuclear reactors to generate electricity for civilian purposes. The debate about nuclear power peaked during the 1970s and 1980s, as more and more reactors were built and came online, and "reached an intensity unprecedented in the history of technology controversies" in some countries. In the 2010s, with growing public awareness about climate change and the critical role that carbon dioxide and methane emissions plays in causing the heating of the Earth's atmosphere, there was a resurgence in the intensity of the nuclear power debate.

Stephen Tindale was a British environmentalist who was the executive director of Greenpeace in the United Kingdom from 2000 to 2005. He was director of The Alvin Weinberg Foundation, co-founder of the organisation Climate Answers, associate fellow at the Centre for European Reform and co-author of Repowering Communities with Prashant Vaze.

<i>Whole Earth Discipline</i> 2009 book by Stewart Brand

Whole Earth Discipline: An Ecopragmatist Manifesto is the sixth book by Stewart Brand, published by Viking Penguin in 2009. He sees Earth and people propelled by three transformations: climate change, urbanization and biotechnology. Brand tackles "touchy issues" like nuclear power, genetic engineering and geoengineering, "fully aware that many of the environmentalist readers he hopes to reach will start out disagreeing with him".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Barry Brook (scientist)</span> Australian scientist

Barry William Brook is an Australian scientist. He is an ARC Australian Laureate Professor and Chair of Environmental Sustainability at the University of Tasmania in the Faculty of Science, Engineering & Technology. He was formerly an ARC Future Fellow in the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Adelaide, Australia, where he held the Sir Hubert Wilkins Chair of Climate Change from 2007 to 2014. He was also Director of Climate Science at the Environment Institute.

In December 2016, the Jordan Atomic Energy Commission (JAEC), in cooperation with a consortium headed by the Korean Atomic Energy Research Institute, inaugurated the 5 MW Jordan Research and Training Reactor. The facility is the first nuclear reactor in the country. It will provide radioactive isotopes for medical usage in Jordan, and will provide training for students at the University to produce a skilled workforce for the country's planned commercial nuclear reactors.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to nuclear power:

<i>The Doomsday Machine</i> (book) 2012 book by Martin Cohen and Andrew McKillop

The Doomsday Machine: The High Price of Nuclear Energy, the World's Most Dangerous Fuel is a 2012 book by Martin Cohen and Andrew McKillop which addresses a broad range of concerns regarding the nuclear industry, the economics and environmental aspects of nuclear energy, nuclear power plants, and nuclear accidents. The book has been described by The New York Times as "a polemic on the evils of splitting the atom".

<i>Pandoras Promise</i> 2013 American film

Pandora's Promise is a 2013 documentary film about the nuclear power debate, directed by Robert Stone. Its central argument is that nuclear power, which still faces historical opposition from environmentalists, is a relatively safe and clean energy source that can help mitigate the serious problem of anthropogenic global warming.

Benjamin "Ben" Heard is a South Australian environmental consultant and an advocate for nuclear power in Australia, through his directorship of environmental NGO, Bright New World.

References

  1. ↑ Sustainable Development Commission. Is Nuclear the Answer? Archived 2014-03-22 at the Wayback Machine p. 12.
  2. ↑ Sustainable Development Commission. Public engagement and nuclear power Archived 2012-02-17 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ↑ Herbert P. Kitschelt (1986). "Political Opportunity and Political Protest: Anti-Nuclear Movements in Four Democracies" (PDF). British Journal of Political Science. 16 (1): 57. doi:10.1017/s000712340000380x. S2CID   154479502.
  4. ↑ Falk, Jim (1982). Global Fission: The Battle Over Nuclear Power . Melbourne: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-554315-5.
  5. ↑ Patterson, Thom (2013-11-03). "Climate change warriors: It's time to go nuclear". CNN.
  6. ↑ Bernard L. Cohen (1990). The Nuclear Energy Option: An Alternative for the 90s . New York: Plenum Press. ISBN   978-0-306-43567-6.
  7. ↑ Leo Hickman (28 November 2012). "Nuclear lobbyists wined and dined senior civil servants, documents show". The Guardian.
  8. ↑ Diane Farseta (September 1, 2008). "The Campaign to Sell Nuclear". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. pp. 38–56.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |url= (help)
  9. ↑ Jonathan Leake. "The Nuclear Charm Offensive" New Statesman, 23 May 2005.
  10. ↑ Union of Concerned Scientists. Nuclear Industry Spent Hundreds of Millions of Dollars Over the Last Decade to Sell Public, Congress on New Reactors, New Investigation Finds Archived 2013-11-27 at the Wayback Machine News Center, February 1, 2010.
  11. ↑ Nuclear group spent $460,000 lobbying in 4Q Business Week, March 19, 2010.
  12. ↑ M.V. Ramana (July 2011). "Nuclear power and the public". Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. p. 46.
  13. 1 2 Sharon Beder (2014). Lobbying, greenwash and deliberate confusion: how vested interests undermine climate change. In M. C-T. Huang and R. R-C Huang (Eds.), Green Thoughts and Environmental Politics: Green Trends and Environmental Politics (pp. 297-328), Taipei, Taiwan: Asia-seok Digital Technology.
  14. ↑ Matthew Wald (April 27, 2014). "Nuclear Industry Gains Carbon-Focused Allies in Push to Save Reactors". New York Times.
  15. ↑ "About the American Nuclear Society -- ANS". American Nuclear Society -- ANS. 7 August 2024. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  16. ↑ "History". Anniversary Site. 3 October 1929. Retrieved 15 August 2024.
  17. ↑ "Canadian Nuclear Society". Canadian Nuclear Society - CNS -. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  18. ↑ "Canadian Nuclear Association". Canadian Nuclear Association. 4 February 2022. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  19. ↑ Horschig, Doreen. "International Security Program". CSIS. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  20. ↑ "World Nuclear Association joins UN movement dedicated to delivering 24/7 carbon-free energy - World Nuclear Association". world-nuclear.org. Retrieved 2023-01-11.
  21. ↑ "The Advanced Nuclear Industry: 2016 Update". Third Way. Retrieved 2017-07-14.
  22. ↑ "Nuclear Engineers – Job Outlook" in Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2014–15. Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor
  23. ↑ Environmental Heresies
  24. ↑ An Early Environmentalist, Embracing New ‘Heresies’
  25. ↑ James Lovelock
  26. ↑ "Technology News".
  27. ↑ Robert Bryce (Winter 2013). "Rise of the Nuclear Greens". City Journal . Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  28. ↑ "Radiation Effects | Effects of Radiation explained by the Scientists for Accurate Radiation Information" . Retrieved 2022-05-30.
  29. ↑ "What was the death toll from Chernobyl and Fukushima?". Our World in Data. Retrieved 2023-05-14.
  30. ↑ McCusker, Peter (2016-02-10). "Newcastle company at forefront of technology for small nuclear reactors". ChronicleLive. Retrieved 2022-05-30.
  31. ↑ Giomataris, Ioannis (2010). "Georges Charpak (1924–2010)". Nature. 467 (7319): 1048. Bibcode:2010Natur.467.1048G. doi: 10.1038/4671048a . PMID   20981084. S2CID   4410681.
  32. ↑ James Hansen (3 December 2015). "Nuclear power paves the only viable path forward on climate change". The Guardian . Retrieved 8 June 2016.
  33. ↑ James Lovelock (24 May 2004). "Nuclear power is the only green solution". The Independent . Archived from the original on October 11, 2012. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  34. ↑ David MacKay (March 2012). A reality check on renewables . Retrieved 12 October 2012.
  35. ↑ Mackay, David (2009). Sustainable Energy: Without the Hot Air. UIT Cambridge. ISBN   978-0-9544529-3-3.
  36. ↑ David Sheff (March 1983). "A candid conversation with America's "photographer laureate" and environmentalist about art, natural beauty and the unnatural acts of Interior Secretary James Watt". Playboy . Retrieved 22 October 2014.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Bipartisan Group of Senators Introduce Nuclear Energy Innovation and Modernization Act". U.S. Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works . 2 March 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  38. ↑ "Nuclear power's time has come". CNN . 22 February 2010. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  39. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Pandora's Promise at IMDb. Specifically credited are Brand, Cravens, Lynas, Rhodes, and Shellenberger.
  40. ↑ Carol Browner (5 May 2014). "If You're Concerned About Climate Change, You Should Support Nuclear Power". Forbes . Retrieved 2 June 2014.
  41. ↑ "To Carol Browner, Nuclear More Than Just Matters – It's Essential". Breakthrough Institute . 27 May 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.
  42. ↑ Cravens, Gwyneth (2007). Power to Save the World. New York: First Vintage Books.
  43. ↑ "2015 Emerging Explorers » Leslie Dewan, Nuclear Engineer". National Geographic Society . Archived from the original on June 12, 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015. At the most fundamental level I'm an environmentalist. I'm doing this because I think nuclear power is the best way of producing large amounts of carbon-free electricity. I think the world needs nuclear power, alongside solar, wind, hydro, and geothermal, if we want to have any hope of reducing fossil fuel emissions and preventing global climate change.
  44. ↑ Chris Goodall (23 February 2009). "The green movement must learn to love nuclear power". The Independent . Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  45. ↑ Babs McHugh (20 Jun 2014). "Environmentalist argues in favour of nuclear power". ABC Online . Retrieved 17 April 2015.
  46. ↑ Hamblin, Jacob Darwin (27 November 2020). "Learning to think long-term Deep Time Reckoning: How Future Thinking Can Help Earth Now Vincent Ialenti MIT Press, 2020. 208 pp". Science. 370 (6520): 1043. doi:10.1126/science.abf2843. S2CID   227171422.
  47. ↑ "Speaking At MIT, Secretary Of State John Kerry Urges Action On Climate Change". wbur.org . 9 Jan 2017. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  48. ↑ Jerry McNerney and Robert E. Latta (17 May 2016). "NRC Reform for a strong, safe nuclear power industry". thehill.com . Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  49. ↑ Hume, Holly (18 September 2020). "'Protest' beach party uses inflatable bananas in support of nuclear energy". East Anglian Daily Times. Retrieved 18 September 2020.
  50. ↑ Keith Kloor (21 Oct 2013). "Bjørn Lomborg: The resilient environmentalist". Cosmos . Archived from the original on 3 February 2015. Retrieved 3 February 2015.
  51. ↑ "Nuclear power support from former sceptic Mark Lynas". BBC . 8 October 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  52. ↑ Mark Lynas thinking the unthinkable on nuclear power on YouTube
  53. ↑ Jerry McNerney and Robert E. Lata (17 May 2016). "NRC Reform for a strong, safe nuclear power industry". thehill.com . Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  54. ↑ George Monbiot (21 March 2011). "Why Fukushima made me stop worrying and love nuclear power". theguardian.com . Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  55. ↑ Hugh Montefiore (22 October 2004). "We need nuclear power to save the planet from looming catastrophe". The Independent . Archived from the original on April 20, 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2013. Note, an expanded version of the same essay was printed the next day: Hugh Montefiore (23 October 2004). "Why the planet needs nuclear energy". The Tablet . Retrieved 21 October 2013.
  56. ↑ Patrick Moore (16 April 2006). "Going Nuclear". The Washington Post . Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  57. ↑ Jonathan Miller (12 May 2016). "Lund debate focuses on nuclear power, climate change" . Retrieved 12 May 2016.
  58. ↑ Lisa Murkowski (17 May 2016). "Press Release: Our Nation Must Lead on Nuclear Energy". murkowski.senate.gov . Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  59. 1 2 "Breakthrough! Ted Nordhaus and Michael Shellenberger of the Breakthrough Institute Discuss "Climate McCarthyism" And Why They Now Support Nuclear Power". Energy Tribune . 20 November 2009. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  60. ↑ John Vidal (10 April 2012). "Vicious words mark the war between pro and anti-nuclear environmentalists". theguardian.com . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  61. ↑ Jogalekar, Ashutosh (July 23, 2013). "Richard Rhodes on the Need for Nuclear Power". Scientific American.
  62. ↑ Fiona Harvey (3 May 2012). "Nuclear power is only solution to climate change, says Jeffrey Sachs". The Guardian . Retrieved 17 February 2015.
  63. ↑ Kate Breimann (30 April 2013). "Environmentalists Go Pro-Nuclear in 'Pandora's Promise' Trailer". Rolling Stone . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  64. ↑ Thelen, Frank (2019-09-25). "Ist unser Planet noch zu retten?" [Can we still save the planet?]. LinkedIn (in German).
  65. ↑ Steve Connor (23 February 2009). "Nuclear power? Yes please..." The Independent . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  66. ↑ Former Greenpeace/UK Executive Director Stephen Tindale on nuclear power and renewable energy on YouTube
  67. ↑ Bryony Worthington (4 July 2011). "Why thorium nuclear power shouldn't be written off". The Guardian . Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  68. ↑ "Elon Musk: It's possible to make 'extremely safe' nuclear plants". CNBC. 22 July 2021. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  69. ↑ Leigh Dayton (10 March 2010). "James Hansen keen on next-generation nuclear power". The Australian . Retrieved 20 October 2013.
  70. ↑ James Hansen on nuclear power on YouTube
  71. ↑ Thom Patterson (3 November 2013). "Climate change warriors: It's time to go nuclear". CNN . Retrieved 5 November 2013.
  72. ↑ Ken Caldeira; Kerry Emanuel; James Hansen & Tom Wigley (3 November 2013). "Top climate change scientists' letter to policy influencers". CNN. Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  73. ↑ "Aussie scientists dominate global energy talks". ABC News (Australia) . 7 June 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2013.
  74. ↑ Steve Connor (4 January 2015). "Nuclear power is the greenest option, say top scientists". The Independent . Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  75. ↑ Barry W. Brook & Corey J. A. Bradshaw (15 December 2014). "An Open Letter to Environmentalists on Nuclear Energy" . Retrieved 12 January 2015.
  76. ↑ as of the most recent access date, Brook and Bradshaw's letter had an additional 75 signatories; only those with biographical Wikipedia articles are displayed here however.
  77. ↑ Ove Hoegh-Guldberg & Eric McFarland (30 June 2014). "Let's go nuclear, for the reef's sake". The Australian . Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  78. ↑ World Nuclear Association (2005). "Nuclear Fusion Power". Archived from the original on 2009-06-24. Retrieved 2016-07-24.
  79. ↑ W Wayt Gibbs (30 December 2013). "Triple-threat method sparks hope for fusion". Nature. 505 (7481): 9–10. Bibcode:2014Natur.505....9G. doi: 10.1038/505009a . PMID   24380935.
  80. ↑ Proctor, Darrell (February 25, 2020). "Tech Guru's Plan—Fight Climate Change with Nuclear Power". Power Magazine. Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  81. ↑ Takahashi, Dean (February 25, 2020). "Last Energy raises $3 million to fight climate change with nuclear energy". VentureBeat. Retrieved October 18, 2021.

Further reading

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.