Railway Nationalization Act

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The Railway Nationalization Act(鉄道国有法,Tetsudō Kokuyū-hō, Act No. 17 of 1906 [1] ) brought many of Japan's private railway lines under national control. The 22nd Diet of Japan passed the bill on March 27, 1906 [2] and Emperor Meiji signed on March 30, 1906. [1] The promulgation of the act on the Official Gazette occurred the next day. [3] The Act was repealed by Article 110 of the Act for Enforcement of Japanese National Railways Reform Act Etc. (Act No. 93 of 1986 [4] ).

Japan Country in East Asia

Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies off the eastern coast of the Asian continent and stretches from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and the Philippine Sea in the south.

Nationalization is the process of transforming private assets into public assets by bringing them under the public ownership of a national government or state. Nationalization usually refers to private assets or assets owned by lower levels of government, such as municipalities, being transferred to the state. The opposites of nationalization are privatization and demutualization. When previously nationalized assets are privatized and subsequently returned to public ownership at a later stage, they are said to have undergone renationalization. Industries that are usually subject to nationalization include transport, communications, energy, banking, and natural resources.

Emperor Meiji Emperor of Japan from 1867 until 1912

Emperor Meiji, or Meiji the Great, was the 122nd Emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 3 February 1867 until his death on 30 July 1912. He presided over the Meiji period, a time of rapid change that witnessed the Empire of Japan rapidly transform from an isolationist feudal state to an industrialized world power.

The original bill which passed the House of Representatives on March 16, 1906 listed 32 private railways to be nationalized, but the House of Peers amended the bill removing 15 companies from the list on March 27, 1906 and the House of Representatives accepted this amendment the same day. [5]

House of Representatives (Japan) lower house of Japan

The House of Representatives is the lower house of the National Diet of Japan. The House of Councillors is the upper house.

House of Peers (Japan) upper house of the Imperial Diet of Japan

The House of Peers was the upper house of the Imperial Diet as mandated under the Constitution of the Empire of Japan.

Between 1906 and 1907, 2,812 miles (4,525 km) of track were purchased from 17 private railway companies. The national railway network grew to about 4,400 miles (7,100 km) of track, and private railways were relegated to providing local and regional services.

Railways nationalized
DateRailwayLength
mikm
October 1, 1906 Hokkaido Colliery and Railway 204.5329.1
Kōbu Railway 27.844.7
November 1, 1906 Nippon Railway 860.81,385.3
Ganetsu Railway 49.579.7
December 1, 1906 Sanyō Railway 414.9667.7
Nishinari Railway 4.67.4
July 1, 1907 Kyūshū Railway 442.8712.6
Hokkaidō Railway 159.0255.9
August 1, 1907 Kyōto Railway 22.235.7
Hankaku Railway 70.3113.1
Hokuetsu Railway 85.8138.1
September 1, 1907 Sōbu Railway 73.2117.8
Bōsō Railway 39.463.4
Nanao Railway 34.455.4
Tokushima Railway 21.534.6
October 1, 1907 Kansai Railway 275.2442.9
Sangū Railway 26.142.0

See also

The Railway Construction Act was promulgated by the Diet of Japan on June 21, 1892, and designated government support for a network of thirty-three railway lines covering most of Japan, with the exception of Hokkaidō. On April 11, 1922, the Diet amended the law to add an additional network of regional and local routes. Today, these lines form the backbone of the national railway network, JR.

Railway nationalization is the act of taking rail transport assets into public ownership. Several countries have at different times nationalized part or all of their railway system.

Japanese Government Railways national railway of Japan (1920–1943)

The Japanese Government Railways (JGR) was the national railway system directly operated by the central government of Japan until 1949. It is a predecessor of Japanese National Railways and the Japan Railways Group.

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References

  1. 1 2 "Digital Archive, National Archives of Japan" . Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  2. ↑ "第二十二囘帝國議會衆議院議事速記錄第二十三號" [Record of the House of Representatives at the 22nd Imperial Diet, No. 23]. Printing Bureau. March 28, 1906. p. 461. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  3. ↑ "官報" [Official Gazette]. March 31, 1906. p. 1. Retrieved August 10, 2014.
  4. ↑ "法律第九十三号（昭六一・一二・四）". The House of Representatives. Retrieved August 3, 2014.
  5. ↑ Ministry of Railways (1921). 日本鉄道史 中篇. p. 822.
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