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Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang 中国国民党革命委员会 | |
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Abbreviation | RCCK |
Chairman | Zheng Jianbang |
Founded | 1 January 1948 |
Split from | Kuomintang (left-wing faction) |
Headquarters | Donghuachenggen South Street Donghuamen Subdistrict, Beijing |
Newspaper | Tuanjie Bao (Unity Daily) Tuanjie (Unity) |
Membership (2022) | 158,000 |
Ideology | Socialism with Chinese characteristics Tridemism |
National People's Congress (14th) | 41 / 2,977 |
NPC Standing Committee | 6 / 175 |
Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference | 65 / 544 (Seats for political parties) |
Website | |
www | |
Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang | |||||||||||||
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Chinese name | |||||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 中国国民党革命委员会 | ||||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | 中國國民黨革命委員會 | ||||||||||||
Literal meaning | "Revolutionary Committee of the Nationalist Party of China" | ||||||||||||
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Abbreviation | |||||||||||||
Chinese | 民革 | ||||||||||||
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Tibetan name | |||||||||||||
Tibetan | ཀྲུང་གོ་གོ་མིན་ཏང་གསར་བརྗེ་ཨུ་ཡོན་ལྷན་ཁང | ||||||||||||
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Zhuang name | |||||||||||||
Zhuang | Cunghgoz Gozminzdangj Gwzming Veijyenzvei | ||||||||||||
Mongolian name | |||||||||||||
Mongolian Cyrillic | Дундадулсынгоминдангийнхувьсгалынзөвлөл | ||||||||||||
Mongolian script | ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠣᠮᠢᠨᠳᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠯ | ||||||||||||
Uyghur name | |||||||||||||
Uyghur | جۇڭگو گومىنداڭ ئىنقىلابىي كومىتېتى | ||||||||||||
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Manchu name | |||||||||||||
Manchu script | ᠮᡳᠨᡬᡝ | ||||||||||||
Romanization | Ming'e |
The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK;also commonly known,especially when referenced historically,as the Left Kuomintang or Left Guomindang) is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party. [1]
It was founded in January 1948,during the height of the Chinese Civil War,by members of the left-wing of the Kuomintang (KMT),especially those who were against Chiang Kai-shek's policies. The first chairman of the party was General Li Jishen,a senior Nationalist military commander who had many disputes with Chiang over the years,while Soong Ching-ling (the widow of Sun Yat-sen) was named Honorary Chairwoman. [2] Other early leading members were Wang Kunlun,Cheng Qian,He Xiangning and Tao Zhiyue. The party claims to be the true heir of Sun Yat-sen's legacy and his Three Principles of the People. In December 2022,the party had around 158,000 members. [3]
Among the officially sanctioned political parties of the People's Republic of China,the Revolutionary Committee is officially ranked second after the CPC,being the first-ranking minor party. [4] Thus,the Revolutionary Committee is allotted the second highest number of seats in the People's Political Consultative Conference (30%). It also owns numerous assets,some formerly owned by the Kuomintang,throughout mainland China. The Revolutionary Committee operates a range of party-owned institutions,such as party schools.[ citation needed ]
After the end of World War II,the relationship between the Kuomintang and the CPC,who had allied to fight the Japanese,became increasingly tense;ultimately,both sides restarted the civil war,which World War II had interrupted. In 1945 and 1946,members of the Kuomintang's left formed the Three Principles of the People Confederation of Comrades and the Kuomintang Democratic Promotion Association in Chongqing and Guangzhou,respectively.[ citation needed ]
In November 1947,the first joint representative meeting of the Kuomintang left was held in Hong Kong;on 1 January 1948,the meeting announced the official establishment of the "Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee",and nominated Soong Ching-ling,the widow of Sun Yat-sen,as the Honorary Chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee (despite Soong Ching-ling never formally joining the commission). [5] [6] [7]
Chairman Li Jishen,He Xiangning,and Feng Yuxiang were selected as the central leadership of the organization. [8] [ non-primary source needed ] In 1949,Li Jishen and other representatives of the RCCK were invited by the CPC to participate in Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. [5]
After the founding of the People's Republic of China in October 1949,members of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee maintained positions in the municipal and central governments. [8] [ non-primary source needed ]
In November 1949,the second congress of the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee was held in Beijing. At the second congress,the Chinese Kuomintang Revolutionary Committee,Chinese Nationalist Democratic Promotion Association,the Comrades of the Three Peoples Principles,and other members of the Kuomintang's left wing agreed to merge and form the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. [8] [ non-primary source needed ]
Soong Ching-ling served as Vice President of the People's Republic of China and Honorary President of the People's Republic of China. Li Jishen served as Vice Chairman of the Central People's Government and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission.[ citation needed ]
Today,the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang focuses on improving relations with the Kuomintang on Taiwan,and its membership mainly consists of the descendants of Kuomintang revolutionaries. [8] [9] [ better source needed ] It recruits members with current ties to Taiwan who support Chinese unification. [6]
The highest body of the RCCK officially is the National Congress,which is held every five years. 14th National Congress,held in December 2022,was the most recently held Party Congress. [10] The National Congress elects the Central Committee of the RCCK.
According to its constitution,the RCCK is officially committed to socialism with Chinese characteristics and upholding the leadership of the CPC. [11] [12]
The Central Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang is the highest body of the RCCK between National Congresses. It has six working departments: [13]
The Central Committee additionally owns the newspapers Unity Daily (团结报;TuánjiéBào) and Unity (团结;Tuánjié). [14] The Central Committee is headed by a chairperson,who is assisted by several vice chairpersons. The current leaders of the RCCK are:
Election year | Number of seats |
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2017–18 | 43 / 2,970 |
Rosamond Soong Ch'ing-ling was a Chinese political figure. As the third wife of Sun Yat-sen, then Premier of the Kuomintang and President of the Republic of China, she was often referred to as Madame Sun Yat-sen. She was a member of the Soong family and, together with her siblings, played a prominent role in China's politics prior to and after 1949.
The Central Military Commission (CMC) is the highest national defense organization in the People's Republic of China, which heads the People's Liberation Army (PLA), the People's Armed Police (PAP), and the Militia of China.
The Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party was the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The position was established at the 8th National Congress in 1945 and abolished at the 12th National Congress in 1982, being replaced by the general secretary. Offices with the name Chairman of the Central Executive Committee and Chairman of the Central Committee existed in 1922–1923 and 1928–1931, respectively.
Ye Ting, born in Huiyang, Guangdong, was a Chinese military leader who played a key role in the Northern Expedition to reunify China after the 1911 Revolution. After serving with the Kuomintang, Ye later joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
The China Zhi Gong Party is one of the eight minor political parties in the People's Republic of China under the direction of the Chinese Communist Party. It is the sixth-ranking minor party in China.
The Nationalist government, officially the National Government of the Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China from 1 July 1925 to 20 May 1948, led by the nationalist Kuomintang (KMT) party.
The historical Kuomintang socialist ideology is a form of socialist thought developed in mainland China during the early Republic of China. The Tongmenghui revolutionary organization led by Sun Yat-sen was the first to promote socialism in China.
Li Jishen or Li Chi-shen was a Chinese military officer and politician, general of the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, Vice President of the People's Republic of China (1949–1954), Vice Chairman of the National People's Congress (1954–1959), Vice Chairman the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (1949–1959) and founder and first Chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (1948–1959).
Ma Chengxiang (1914–1991) was a Chinese Muslim general in the National Revolutionary Army. He was the son of Ma Qing (馬慶) and nephew of generals Ma Buqing and Ma Bufang. A daughter of Ma Buqing was married to him. He commanded Hui cavalry in Xinjiang, the 5th cavalry army. Ma was a member of the Chinese Nationalist Kuomintang party and a hardliner. Ma Chengxiang commanded the Xinjiang First Cavalry Division, which was formerly stationed in Gansu where it was known as the Fifth Cavalry Army.
Han Youwen was an ethnic Salar Muslim General in the National Revolutionary Army of the Republic of China, born in Hualong Hui Autonomous County, Qinghai. His Muslim name was Muhammad Habibullah (穆罕默德·海比不拉海).
Li Peiyao was a Chinese politician. He was born in Cangwu County, Guangxi, the son of Li Jishen, the founder of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK), a breakaway faction of the Kuomintang that cooperated with the Communists. He served as Chairman of the RCCK from 1992 to his death in 1996 and a Vice-Chairman of the National People's Congress Standing Committee from 1993 to 1996.
Chen Changhao (simplified Chinese: 陈昌浩; traditional Chinese: 陳昌浩; pinyin: Chén Chānghào; 18 September 1906 – 30 July 1967) was a member of the 28 Bolsheviks and an important military figure of Zhang Guotao's 4th Red Army from Hanyang, Wuhan. Chen had also been known as Cangmu.
He Xiangning was a Chinese revolutionary, feminist, politician, painter, and poet. Together with her husband Liao Zhongkai, she was one of the earliest members of Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary movement Tongmenghui. As Minister for Women's Affairs in Sun's Nationalist government in Guangzhou (Canton), she advocated equal rights for women and organized China's first rally for International Women's Day in 1924. After her husband's assassination in 1925 and Chiang Kai-shek's persecution of the Communists in 1927, she stayed away from party politics for two decades, but actively worked to organize resistance against the Japanese invasion of China.
Ma Shouyu was a political figure in the People's Republic of China.
Cheng Zhiqing was a Chinese chemist and politician. She served as vice chairwoman of Guangdong People's Congress and vice chairwoman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK).
Zheng Jianbang is a Chinese politician, who is currently a vice chairperson of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and the chairperson of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (RCCK). Between 2018 and 2023, he served as a vice chairperson of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Qu Wu was a Chinese military officer and politician, who most notably served as chairman of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, deputy secretary-general of the National People's Congress, deputy secretary-general of the Central People's Government and vice chairman of the Committee of Foreign Cultural Relations.
Hou Jingru was a Chinese army officer and politician, prominent member of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. He notably served as Vice Chairman of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, Counsellor of the State Council, member of the Central Military Commission and President of the China Association for the Promotion of Peaceful Reunification.
During the Second Sino-Japanese War, Wang Jingwei, former Premier of the Republic of China and Vice Director-General of the Kuomintang, split from the party in 1939 and established a new Kuomintang in Nanking. Wang, who collaborated with the Japanese, intended to distance the new party from the Kuomintang led by Chiang Kai-shek in Chungking. It was the sole-ruling party of the Wang Jingwei regime, a puppet state of the Empire of Japan.