Rwenzori Mountains National Park

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Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Rwenzori mountains FP.jpg
The Rwenzori mountains
Uganda relief map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Rwenzori Mountains National Park
Location Kasese District, Uganda
Nearest city Kasese
Coordinates 00°24′N29°57′E / 0.400°N 29.950°E / 0.400; 29.950
Area998 km2 (385 sq mi)
Established1991
Governing body Ugandan Wildlife Authority
TypeNatural
Criteriavii, x
Designated1994 (18th session)
Reference no. 684
Region Africa
Endangered 1999–2004
Official nameRwenzori Mountains Ramsar Site
Designated13 May 2009 [1]

Rwenzori Mountains National Park is a Ugandan national park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in the Rwenzori Mountains. Almost 1,000 km2 (386 sq mi) in size, the park has Africa's third highest mountain peak and many waterfalls, lakes, and glaciers. The park is known for its beautiful plant life.

Contents

History

Rwenzori Mountains National Park was established in 1991. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1994 because of its outstanding natural beauty. [2] [3] Rebel militias occupied the Rwenzori Mountains from 1997 to June 2001. [2] The park was inscribed on UNESCO's List of World Heritage in Danger between 1999 and 2004 because of insecurity and a lack of resources in the park. [4] [5]

Geography

Rwenzori Mountains National Park is located in south-western Uganda on the east side of the western (Albertine) African rift valley. It lies along Uganda's border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and borders the DRC's Virunga National Park, also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, for 50 km (31 mi). [2] It is situated in the Bundibugyo, Kabarole, and Kasese districts, [2] 25 km (16 mi) from the small city of Kasese. [3] It is 996 square kilometres (385 mi2) in size, [6] 70 percent of which exceeds an altitude of 2,500 metres (8,200 ft). [7] The park is 120 kilometres (75 mi) long and 48 kilometres (30 mi) wide. [3]

The park includes most of the centre and eastern half of the Rwenzori Mountains, a mountain range rising above dry plains located just north of the equator. Those mountains are higher than the Alps and are ice-capped. Mount Stanley is located in the park. Margherita Peak, one of Mount Stanley's twin summits, is Africa's third highest peak with a height of 5,109 metres (16,762 ft). Africa's fourth and fifth highest peaks (Mount Speke and Mount Baker) are also located in the park. [2] The park has glaciers, snowfields, waterfalls, and lakes and is one of Africa's most beautiful mountain areas. [2] [6]

Conservation and tourism

Ruwenzori mountain woman Ruwenzori Mountains Woman SG.jpg
Ruwenzori mountain woman

The park is owned by the Ugandan government through Uganda National Parks. It is protected, although extraction may be sanctioned by a board of trustees. [2] Kasese, 437 km (260 mi) west of Uganda's capital Kampala, is the gateway to the park. The town has hotels and lodges, while the park has camping, a good trail network, and huts for hikers. [8] The park has trekking and climbing routes, several with unusual scenery.[ citation needed ] The most popular trek is a seven-day circuit of the park. [3]

Biodiversity

The park has many species that are endemic to the Albertine Rift system, and there are several endangered species in the park. [2] It has a high diversity of plants and trees. [9] The park is noted for its botany, which has been described as some of the most beautiful in the world. [8] There are five distinct vegetation zones in the park, which change according to changes in altitude. [2] The park has 89 species of birds, 15 species of butterfly, and four primate species. [7] The park's wildlife varies with elevation, and its species include the forest elephant, chimpanzee, hyrax, Angola colobus, L'Hoest's monkeys, Ruwenzori duiker, and Rwenzori turaco. [8]

References

  1. ↑ "Ramsar List". Ramsar.org. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "Rwenzori Mountains National Park, Uganda". United Nations Environment Programme. March 2003. Archived from the original on 10 May 2008. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Williams, Lizzie (2005). Africa Overland. Struik. p. 93. ISBN   1-77007-187-3.
  4. ↑ "History - List in Danger". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 13 May 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
  5. ↑ "Angkor Among the three Properties Removed from Unesco's List of World Heritage in Danger". UNESCO. Archived from the original on 2 October 2008. Retrieved 7 June 2008.
  6. 1 2 "Rwenzori Mountains National Park". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 3 June 2008. Archived from the original on 27 October 2005. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  7. 1 2 "World Heritage Nomination Rwenzori Mountains National Park (Uganda)" (PDF). UNESCO. Retrieved 3 June 2008.
  8. 1 2 3 Riley, Laura; William Riley (2005). Nature's Strongholds: The World's Great Wildlife Reserves. Princeton University Press. p.  151. ISBN   0-691-12219-9.
  9. ↑ Hodd, Michael (2002). East Africa Handbook: The Travel Guide. Footprint Travel Guides. p. 702. ISBN   1-900949-65-2.
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