Sacramento Valley

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Sacramento Valley
Sacramento Riverfront.jpg
Sacramento
Map california central valley.jpg
The Central Valley of California
Naming
Native name Spanish: Valle de Sacramento [1]
Geography
LocationCalifornia, United States
Population centers Redding, Chico, Yuba City, Sacramento
Borders on Sierra Nevada (east), Cascade Range, Klamath Mountains (north), Coast Range (west), Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta (south)
Coordinates 39°00′N121°30′W / 39°N 121.5°W / 39; -121.5 Coordinates: 39°00′N121°30′W / 39°N 121.5°W / 39; -121.5
Rivers Sacramento River

The Sacramento Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies north of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the Sacramento River. It encompasses all or parts of ten Northern California counties. Although many areas of the Sacramento Valley are rural, it contains several urban areas, including the state capital, Sacramento. Since 2010, statewide droughts in California have further strained both the Sacramento Valley's and the Sacramento metropolitan region's water security. [2]

Contents

Geography

The Sacramento River and its tributaries are a significant part of the geography of the Sacramento Valley. Rising in the various mountain ranges (the various Northern Coast Ranges to the west, the southern Siskiyou Mountains to the north, and the northern Sierra Nevada to the east) that define the shape of the valley, they provide water for agricultural, industrial, residential, and recreation uses. Most of the rivers are heavily dammed and diverted. In more recent years, statewide droughts in California have further strained the Sacramento Valley's water security. [2]

19th century etching depicting the Sutter Buttes in the Sacramento Valley Lassens Butte.tiff
19th century etching depicting the Sutter Buttes in the Sacramento Valley

The terrain of the Sacramento Valley is primarily flat grasslands that become lusher as one moves east from the rain shadow of the Coast Ranges toward the Sierra. Unlike the San Joaquin Valley, which in its pre-irrigation state was a vegetation-hostile desert, the somewhat less arid Sacramento Valley had significant tracts of forest prior to the arrival of settlers of European ancestry. Most of it was cut down during the California Gold Rush and the ensuing wave of American settlement, although there are still some heavily tree-populated areas, such as the greater Sacramento area.

Foothills become more common from just south of Corning to Shasta Lake City. These are known as the Valley Hills and begin south of the Tehama-Glenn County line near Corning. There are also a few hills in Red Bluff and Corning. There is one major range of foothills between Cottonwood and Red Bluff known as the Cottonwood Hills (a.k.a. 9-mile Hill), and there is the Cottonwood Ridge between Anderson and Cottonwood. There are some hills in Redding, a few more than Red Bluff, and north of Redding it is mainly foothills.

One distinctive geographic feature of the Sacramento Valley is the Sutter Buttes. Nicknamed the smallest mountain range in the world, it consists of the remnants of an extinct volcano and is located just outside Yuba City, 44 miles north of Sacramento.

Agriculture

The Sacramento River watershed, including the valley and adjacent highlands. Sacramento River basin map.png
The Sacramento River watershed, including the valley and adjacent highlands.

Citrus and nut orchards and cattle ranches are common to both halves of the Central Valley. The Sacramento Valley's agricultural industry also resembles that of the San Joaquin Valley to the south. Nuts, such as almonds and walnuts, are of greater importance north of the Delta, and rice, nonviable in the drier San Joaquin Valley, is a major crop. The town of Corning produces olives for oil extraction and for consumption as fruit. The Sunsweet Growers Incorporated headquarters are in Yuba City. The valley controls more than two-thirds of the worldwide prune market through the over 400 growers in California. [3]

Climate

Weather patterns in the Sacramento Valley are very similar to those in the San Joaquin Valley to the south, although the humidity and precipitation tend to be a bit higher. Summers are the dry season, with average daytime temperatures in the low to high 90s °F (low to mid 30s °C) but triple digits (38 °C and above) are a common occurrence, especially in Chico, Redding, Red Bluff, and Sacramento. The "breeze", which comes in from the Bay area, brings cooler temperatures and higher humidity. At times the delta breeze is gusty with wind speed to up to 30 mph (50 km/h) in the valley and up to 45 mph (75 km/h) in the delta region which is often breezy. This breeze can also bring morning low clouds at times into the region, but the clouds generally burn off quickly and temperatures stay cool. Summer-like conditions continue into early to mid-September but weather starts to change to cooler, wetter, foggier weather during October which gives trees vibrant autumn foliage. Winters, also known as the rainy season, are generally mild to cool, foggy and wet. Up north, the temperature averages in the mid-40s °F (mid-to-high single digits °C) and lows reaching to the low-10s °F (-10 to -12 °C), colder in the northern part of the valley and colder still in the foothills and frost can occur almost anywhere. Farther south near Sacramento, temperatures tend to stay between the low-50s and high-60s °F (10-20 °C), with nighttime temperatures dropping to the mid-30s and 40s °F (1-7 °C). The rainy season runs from November to early-April. During the rainy season, the Sacramento Valley is prone to strong thunderstorms and tornadoes, mostly of EF0 or EF1 intensity, especially in Colusa County and areas around Corning and Orland. Flooding does occur at times during wetter periods, usually November to March. Snow in the valley is rare, although Redding and Red Bluff, being at the north end of the valley, often experience a light dusting or two per year. Chico may get a rain-snow mix every few years, but, on the average, only snows about every 5 years. Farther south in Sacramento, snow rarely occurs. During the autumn and winter months, the entire Central Valley is susceptible to dense tule fog that makes driving hazardous, especially at night and especially south of Corning. The fog can last for weeks depending on how weak the wind is. In more recent years, statewide droughts in California have further strained both the Sacramento Valley's and the San Joaquin Valley's water security. [2]

Climate data for Sacramento, California (Sacramento Executive Airport), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1941–present [lower-alpha 1]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)76
(24)
78
(26)
88
(31)
95
(35)
105
(41)
115
(46)
114
(46)
112
(44)
114
(46)
104
(40)
87
(31)
74
(23)
115
(46)
Mean maximum °F (°C)65.2
(18.4)
71.1
(21.7)
78.1
(25.6)
87.4
(30.8)
95.3
(35.2)
103.1
(39.5)
105.3
(40.7)
104.1
(40.1)
100.6
(38.1)
91.8
(33.2)
76.5
(24.7)
65.1
(18.4)
107.0
(41.7)
Average high °F (°C)56.0
(13.3)
61.3
(16.3)
66.3
(19.1)
72.1
(22.3)
80.3
(26.8)
87.9
(31.1)
92.6
(33.7)
91.9
(33.3)
88.5
(31.4)
78.8
(26.0)
65.0
(18.3)
56.0
(13.3)
74.7
(23.7)
Daily mean °F (°C)47.6
(8.7)
51.4
(10.8)
55.4
(13.0)
59.5
(15.3)
66.1
(18.9)
72.2
(22.3)
75.9
(24.4)
75.3
(24.1)
72.5
(22.5)
64.5
(18.1)
53.9
(12.2)
47.3
(8.5)
61.8
(16.6)
Average low °F (°C)39.2
(4.0)
41.5
(5.3)
44.5
(6.9)
47.0
(8.3)
52.0
(11.1)
56.5
(13.6)
59.2
(15.1)
58.8
(14.9)
56.5
(13.6)
50.3
(10.2)
42.7
(5.9)
38.5
(3.6)
48.9
(9.4)
Mean minimum °F (°C)29.1
(−1.6)
31.7
(−0.2)
35.1
(1.7)
37.9
(3.3)
44.1
(6.7)
49.5
(9.7)
54.1
(12.3)
53.8
(12.1)
49.6
(9.8)
41.7
(5.4)
32.7
(0.4)
28.7
(−1.8)
26.9
(−2.8)
Record low °F (°C)20
(−7)
23
(−5)
26
(−3)
31
(−1)
34
(1)
41
(5)
48
(9)
48
(9)
42
(6)
35
(2)
26
(−3)
18
(−8)
18
(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)3.66
(93)
3.49
(89)
2.68
(68)
1.26
(32)
0.75
(19)
0.23
(5.8)
trace0.04
(1.0)
0.09
(2.3)
0.85
(22)
1.66
(42)
3.43
(87)
18.14
(461)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)10.09.19.05.13.61.10.10.20.73.16.19.657.7
Average relative humidity (%)83.376.871.664.558.955.053.255.757.063.175.682.966.5
Average dew point °F (°C)39.4
(4.1)
42.1
(5.6)
42.8
(6.0)
43.7
(6.5)
46.9
(8.3)
50.4
(10.2)
53.1
(11.7)
53.4
(11.9)
50.9
(10.5)
47.5
(8.6)
43.7
(6.5)
39.2
(4.0)
46.1
(7.8)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 145.5201.3278.0329.6406.3419.5440.2406.9347.8296.7194.9141.13,607.8
Percent possible sunshine 48677583929498969386644881
Source: NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990) [5] [6] [7]
Climate data for Sacramento 5 ESE, California (Sacramento State [8] ), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1877–present
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)79
(26)
80
(27)
90
(32)
98
(37)
107
(42)
112
(44)
114
(46)
112
(44)
116
(47)
102
(39)
86
(30)
72
(22)
116
(47)
Mean maximum °F (°C)66.4
(19.1)
72.5
(22.5)
80.6
(27.0)
89.5
(31.9)
97.1
(36.2)
104.4
(40.2)
106.7
(41.5)
105.5
(40.8)
102.0
(38.9)
92.3
(33.5)
77.3
(25.2)
65.9
(18.8)
108.1
(42.3)
Average high °F (°C)56.5
(13.6)
62.2
(16.8)
67.8
(19.9)
73.5
(23.1)
81.3
(27.4)
89.0
(31.7)
94.4
(34.7)
93.5
(34.2)
89.3
(31.8)
78.9
(26.1)
65.3
(18.5)
56.4
(13.6)
75.7
(24.3)
Daily mean °F (°C)48.8
(9.3)
52.9
(11.6)
57.2
(14.0)
61.4
(16.3)
67.7
(19.8)
73.9
(23.3)
77.9
(25.5)
77.3
(25.2)
74.0
(23.3)
65.9
(18.8)
55.3
(12.9)
48.5
(9.2)
63.4
(17.4)
Average low °F (°C)41.1
(5.1)
43.7
(6.5)
46.7
(8.2)
49.3
(9.6)
54.0
(12.2)
58.7
(14.8)
61.4
(16.3)
61.0
(16.1)
58.8
(14.9)
52.9
(11.6)
45.3
(7.4)
40.7
(4.8)
51.1
(10.6)
Mean minimum °F (°C)32.5
(0.3)
35.4
(1.9)
38.8
(3.8)
41.6
(5.3)
47.2
(8.4)
51.9
(11.1)
55.9
(13.3)
55.9
(13.3)
52.4
(11.3)
45.1
(7.3)
36.2
(2.3)
31.9
(−0.1)
30.5
(−0.8)
Record low °F (°C)19
(−7)
21
(−6)
29
(−2)
34
(1)
37
(3)
43
(6)
47
(8)
48
(9)
44
(7)
34
(1)
27
(−3)
17
(−8)
17
(−8)
Average precipitation inches (mm)3.87
(98)
3.63
(92)
2.82
(72)
1.44
(37)
0.86
(22)
0.21
(5.3)
trace0.02
(0.51)
0.15
(3.8)
0.93
(24)
1.78
(45)
3.49
(89)
19.20
(488)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)10.89.69.25.33.71.20.10.20.83.16.810.160.9
Source: NOAA [5] [9] [10] , Western Regional Climate Center [11]
Climate data for Chico, California (1981–2010 normals)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °F (°C)77
(25)
82
(28)
93
(34)
98
(37)
108
(42)
115
(46)
117
(47)
116
(47)
114
(46)
107
(42)
91
(33)
78
(26)
117
(47)
Average high °F (°C)55.1
(12.8)
61.1
(16.2)
66.3
(19.1)
72.6
(22.6)
81.3
(27.4)
88.7
(31.5)
94.2
(34.6)
93.7
(34.3)
89.7
(32.1)
79.4
(26.3)
64.8
(18.2)
55.6
(13.1)
75.3
(24.1)
Average low °F (°C)35.4
(1.9)
38.3
(3.5)
41.5
(5.3)
45.2
(7.3)
51.9
(11.1)
56.7
(13.7)
60.5
(15.8)
58.3
(14.6)
54.6
(12.6)
46.9
(8.3)
39.9
(4.4)
35.3
(1.8)
47.1
(8.4)
Record low °F (°C)12
(−11)
16
(−9)
23
(−5)
27
(−3)
30
(−1)
38
(3)
40
(4)
38
(3)
35
(2)
23
(−5)
20
(−7)
11
(−12)
11
(−12)
Average precipitation inches (mm)4.86
(123)
4.42
(112)
4.29
(109)
1.75
(44)
1.04
(26)
.48
(12)
.02
(0.51)
.08
(2.0)
.42
(11)
1.42
(36)
3.28
(83)
4.61
(117)
26.67
(677)
Source: Western Regional Climate Center [12]
Climate data for Redding, California (1961–1990)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Average high °F (°C)57.3
(14.1)
61.3
(16.3)
62.5
(16.9)
69.9
(21.1)
80.5
(26.9)
90.4
(32.4)
98.3
(36.8)
95.7
(35.4)
89.3
(31.8)
77.6
(25.3)
62.1
(16.7)
54.7
(12.6)
74.8
(23.8)
Daily mean °F (°C)45.5
(7.5)
50.7
(10.4)
52.5
(11.4)
58
(14)
66.4
(19.1)
76.1
(24.5)
81.5
(27.5)
79.5
(26.4)
74.1
(23.4)
63.5
(17.5)
51.8
(11.0)
45
(7)
62
(17)
Average low °F (°C)35.7
(2.1)
40
(4)
41.7
(5.4)
46
(8)
52.3
(11.3)
61.8
(16.6)
64.7
(18.2)
63.1
(17.3)
58.8
(14.9)
49.2
(9.6)
41.4
(5.2)
35.2
(1.8)
49.2
(9.6)
Average precipitation inches (mm)6.06
(154)
4.45
(113)
4.38
(111)
2.08
(53)
1.27
(32)
0.56
(14)
0.17
(4.3)
0.46
(12)
0.91
(23)
2.24
(57)
5.21
(132)
5.51
(140)
33.3
(850)
Average precipitation days13.18.712.37.97.24.00.60.92.14.16.810.277.9
Mean monthly sunshine hours 2262563123513954234514213383142512043,942
Source: [13]

Transportation

Interstate 5 is the primary route through the Sacramento Valley, traveling north–south roughly along the valley's western edge. Interstate 80 cuts a northeast-to-southwest swath through the southern end of the valley, mostly through Sacramento and Yolo Counties, and ends at the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. Several secondary routes connect the two roads, including Interstate 505 and State Route 113. The Sacramento area has a web of urban freeways.

Other principal routes in the region include State Route 99, which runs along the valley's eastern edge, roughly parallel to I-5, from Sacramento until its northern terminus in Red Bluff; State Route 20, which traverses the valley from west to east on its route from State Route 1 in Mendocino County to the Donner Pass; State Route 49, named in honor of the California Gold Rush and running through many old mining towns in the foothills of the valley; and State Route 45, which runs along the course of the Sacramento River roughly ten miles (20 km) east of I-5.

The Union Pacific Railroad serves the valley, with its principal north–south line from Oakland, California to Portland, Oregon, via Sacramento, Marysville, Chico, and Redding. This is also the route of Amtrak's Coast Starlight passenger train. The Union Pacific also has two east–west lines, through Donner Pass (the former Central Pacific Railroad), and through the Feather River gorge (the former Western Pacific Railroad). Amtrak's California Zephyr uses the Donner Pass route. The BNSF Railway has a line from Klamath Falls, Oregon, to a junction with the Union Pacific Feather River line at Keddie. The BNSF has trackage rights on both the UP east–west routes. In addition, the California Northern Railroad operates the former Southern Pacific Railroad line on the west side of the valley from Davis to Tehama (near Red Bluff).

Educational institutions

California State University, Chico was founded in 1887. Kendall Hall as seen from Laxson Auditorium-01006.jpg
California State University, Chico was founded in 1887.
University of California, Davis. Aerial view of UC Davis (cropped2).jpg
University of California, Davis.

Professional sports teams

National Basketball Association (NBA)

Pacific Coast League (minor league baseball)

Independent Women's Football League

Women's Premier Soccer League

United Soccer League (USL)

Cities

Cities with over 500,000 inhabitants

Cities with 100,000 to 400,000 inhabitants

Cities with 50,000 to 100,000 inhabitants

Cities with 10,000 to 50,000 inhabitants

Cities with under 10,000 inhabitants

See also

Notes

  1. Official records for Sacramento were kept exclusively at the airport since 10 November 1941. [4]

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This article lists the railroads and a timeline of railroad history in Solano County, California.

There are 28 routes assigned to the "A" zone of the California Route Marker Program, which designates county routes in California. The "A" zone includes county highways in Lassen, Plumas, Shasta, Siskiyou, and Tehama counties.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CIF Sac-Joaquin Section</span> High school athletic organization in California

The Sac-Joaquin Section (SJS) is the governing body of public and private high school athletics in parts of Northern San Joaquin Valley, California. Its geographic area also covers the California portion of the Lake Tahoe region; however, three schools in that area—North Tahoe, Truckee, and South Tahoe High Schools—are instead members of the Nevada Interscholastic Activities Association due to their relative isolation from other California schools and their proximity to more populated areas in Nevada, especially in the Reno area. It is one of ten sections that compose the California Interscholastic Federation (CIF). The SJS is split into seven divisions, each comprising several leagues.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cottonwood Creek (Sacramento River tributary)</span> River in California, United States

Cottonwood Creek is a major stream and tributary of the Sacramento River in Northern California. About 68 miles (109 km) long measured to its uppermost tributaries, the creek drains a large rural area bounded by the crest of the Coast Ranges, traversing the northwestern Sacramento Valley before emptying into the Sacramento River near the town of Cottonwood. For its entire length, it defines the boundary of Shasta and Tehama counties. Because Cottonwood Creek is the largest undammed tributary of the Sacramento River, it is known for its Chinook salmon and steelhead runs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transportation in the Sacramento metropolitan area</span> Complex multi-modal network moving people and goods in the region of California’s state capital

Transportation in the Sacramento metropolitan area consists of a variety of different modes of travel in El Dorado County, Placer County, Sacramento County, and Yolo County, which are the four counties that comprise the Sacramento metropolitan area.

The California State Telegraph Company was a business originally organized to provide telegraph service between San Francisco and Marysville, California. By the spring of 1861, the company had expanded its service area south to Los Angeles, north to Yreka, and east to Fort Churchill by absorbing the other telegraph companies in California. In 1861, the company formed the Overland Telegraph Company, which was responsible for constructing part of the telegraph line which resulted in the first transcontinental telegraph network in the United States.

References

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