Scotch Tape

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Scotch Tape
Scotch tape.jpg
Several packs of Scotch tape, including Magic tape on the right
Product type Pressure-sensitive tape
Owner 3M
Country St. Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
Introduced1930;93 years ago (1930)
Website scotchtape.com

Scotch Tape is a brand name used for pressure-sensitive tapes developed by 3M. It was first introduced by Richard Drew, who created the initial masking tape under the Scotch brand. The invention of Scotch-brand cellulose tape expanded its applications, making it suitable for sealing packages and conducting item repairs. Over time, Scotch Tape has been utilized in various industries and households for its diverse adhesive solutions. [1]

Contents

Antique Scotch brand package Scotch Tape.jpg
Antique Scotch brand package
Tape dispenser for Scotch Magic Tape Tape-dispenser.jpg
Tape dispenser for Scotch Magic Tape

History

In 1930, Richard Drew, a 3M engineer, developed the first transparent sticky tape in St. Paul, Minnesota with material known as cellophane. [2] Drew's inspiration came from watching auto-engineers try to achieve smooth paintings on two-color cars. It was in 1925 that he created Scotch masking tape, and later evolved the product to be transparent. [3] In 1932, John A. Borden, also a 3M engineer, built the tape dispenser. [4] During the Great Depression, the versatility and durability of Scotch tape led to a surge in demand, as customers used it to mend household items like books, curtains, clothing, etc. [5] It had industrial applications as well: Goodyear used it to tape the inner supportive ribs of dirigibles to prevent corrosion. [3]

Trade names

A Scotch brand box sealing tape Made in China 3M Scotch Sealing Tape Barcode Yellow Label Price Sticker.jpg
A Scotch brand box sealing tape
Modern Scotch brand acetate
tape packaging showing the distinctive tartan design Scotch Tape 1994 Front.png
Modern Scotch brand acetate tape packaging showing the distinctive tartan design

Although it is a trademark and a brand name, Scotch tape is sometimes used as a generic term, [6] [7] in a similar manner to Sellotape in several other countries. The Scotch brand includes many different constructions (backings, adhesives, etc.) and colors of tape.

The use of the term Scotch in the name was a pejorative meaning "parsimonious" in the 1920s and 1930s. The brand name Scotch came about around 1925 while Richard Drew was testing his first masking tape to determine how much adhesive he needed to add. The bodyshop painter became frustrated with the sample masking tape and exclaimed, "Take this tape back to those Scotch bosses of yours and tell them to put more adhesive on it!" [8] [9] The name was soon applied to the entire line of 3M tapes.

Scotty McTape, a kilt-wearing cartoon boy, was the brand's mascot for two decades, first appearing in 1944. [10] The familiar tartan design, a take on the well-known Wallace tartan, was introduced in 1945. [10]

The Scotch brand, Scotch Tape and Magic Tape are registered trademarks of 3M. Besides using Scotch as a prefix in its brand names (Scotchgard, Scotchlite, and Scotch-Brite), the company also used the Scotch name for its (mainly professional) audiovisual magnetic tape products, until the early 1990s when the tapes were branded solely with the 3M logo. [11] In 1996, 3M exited the magnetic tape business, selling its assets to Quantegy (which is a spin-off of Ampex).

In the late 1960s, the Scotch theme was also applied to 3M's all-weather polyurethane Tartan track and the company's artificial grass, Tartan Turf.

Magic tape

Magic Tape, also known as Magic Transparent Tape, is a brand within the Scotch Tape family of adhesive tapes made by 3M, sold in distinctive plaid packaging.

Invented and introduced in 1961, it is the original matte finish tape. It appears frosty on the roll, yet is invisible on paper. This quality makes it popular for gift-wrapping. [12] Magic Tape can be written upon with pen, pencil, or marker; comes in permanent and removable varieties; and resists drying out and yellowing.[ citation needed ]

In Japan, "Magic Tape" is a trademark of Kuraray for a hook-and-loop fastener system similar to Velcro. Instead the katakana version of the word Mending Tape is used, i.e., メンディングテープ, along with the familiar green and yellow tartan branding.

X-rays

In 1953, Soviet scientists showed that triboluminescence caused by peeling a roll of an unidentified Scotch brand tape in a vacuum can produce X-rays. [13] In 2008, American scientists performed an experiment that showed the rays can be strong enough to leave an X-ray image of a finger on photographic paper. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Duct tape</span> Type of adhesive tape

Duct tape is cloth- or scrim-backed pressure-sensitive tape, often coated with polyethylene. There are a variety of constructions using different backings and adhesives, and the term 'duct tape' has been genericized to refer to different cloth tapes with differing purposes. A variation is heat-resistant foil tape useful for sealing heating and cooling ducts, produced because the adhesive on standard duct tape fails and the synthetic fabric reinforcement mesh deteriorates when used on heating ducts.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cellophane</span> Thin, transparent sheet made of cellulose

Cellophane is a thin, transparent sheet made of regenerated cellulose. Its low permeability to air, oils, greases, bacteria, and liquid water makes it useful for food packaging. Cellophane is highly permeable to water vapour, but may be coated with nitrocellulose lacquer to prevent this.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Generic trademark</span> Generic trademarks are common terms used to name products or services

A generic trademark, also known as a genericized trademark or proprietary eponym, is a trademark or brand name that, because of its popularity or significance, has become the generic term for, or synonymous with, a general class of products or services, usually against the intentions of the trademark's owner.

Sellotape is a British brand of transparent, cellulose-based, pressure-sensitive tape, and is the leading brand in the United Kingdom. Sellotape is generally used for joining, sealing, attaching and mending.

Richard Gurley Drew was an American inventor who worked for Johnson and Johnson, Permacel Co., and 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he invented masking tape and cellophane tape.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Post-it note</span> Small piece of paper with a re-adherable strip of glue on its back

A Post-it note is a small piece of paper with a re-adherable strip of glue on its back, made for temporarily attaching notes to documents and other surfaces. A low-tack pressure-sensitive adhesive allows the notes to be easily attached, removed and even re-posted elsewhere without leaving residue. The Post-it's signature adhesive was discovered accidentally by a scientist at 3M. Originally small yellow squares, Post-it Notes and related products are available in various colors, shapes, sizes and adhesive strengths. As of 2023, there are at least 28 documented colors of Post-it notes. 3M's Post-it has won several awards for its design and innovation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jumbotron</span> Large-screen television

A jumbotron, sometimes referred to as jumbovision, is a video display using large-screen television technology. The original technology was developed in the early 1980s by Mitsubishi Electric and Sony, which coined JumboTron as a brand name in 1985. Mitsubishi Electric sold their version of the technology as Diamond Vision. It is typically used in sports stadiums and concert venues to show close up shots of an event or even other sporting events occurring simultaneously, as well as outdoor public places.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Avery Dennison</span> American corporation

Avery Dennison Corporation is a multinational manufacturer and distributor of pressure-sensitive adhesive materials, apparel branding labels and tags, RFID inlays, and specialty medical products. The company is a member of the Fortune 500 and is headquartered in Mentor, Ohio.

Permacel, a division of the Nitto Denko company, is an industrial adhesive tape manufacturing company. Headquartered in Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin, United States, the company produces 350 kinds of tape used in a broad range of industries, including paper masking tape, reinforced strapping tape, paper packaging tape, PTFE tape, film tape, double coated tape, transfer tape, repulpable tape, thread seal, foil tape, surface protective films and vinyl tape. Permacel manufactured and sold graphic art tapes until 2004 when that part of their business was sold to Shurtape Technologies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Houndstooth</span> Two-color broken check pattern

Houndstooth, hounds tooth check or hound's tooth, also known as dogstooth, dogtooth, dog's tooth,, is a duotone textile pattern characterized by a tessellation of light and dark solid checks alternating with light-and-dark diagonally-striped checks—similar in pattern to gingham plaid but with diagonally-striped squares in place of gingham's blended-tone squares—traditionally in black and white, although other dark and light colour combinations may be used.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Glue stick</span> Solid adhesive in a twist or push-up tube

Glue sticks are solid and hard adhesives in twist or push-up tubes. Users can apply glue by holding the open tube to keep their fingers clean and rubbing the exposed stick against a surface.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tartan track</span>

Tartan Track is a trademarked all-weather synthetic track surfacing made of polyurethane used for track and field competitions, manufactured by 3M. The original production was in 1967, and the product was later reformulated to eliminate the use of mercury. Relative to some other surfaces, it lets athletes compete in bad weather without serious performance loss and improves their results over other surfaces. It also provides a more consistent surface for competition even under optimum weather. Similar tracks have become the standard for most elite competitions.

Spencer Ferguson Silver III was an American chemist and inventor who specialized in adhesives. 3M credits him with having devised the adhesive that Arthur Fry used to create Post-it Notes.

Scotch most commonly refers to:

Tape or Tapes may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wound closure strip</span> Porous surgical tape used for closing small wounds

Wound closure strips are porous surgical tape strips which can be used to close small wounds. They are applied across the laceration in a manner which pulls the skin on either side of the wound together. Wound closure strips may be used instead of sutures (stitches) in some injuries, because they lessen scarring and are easier to care for.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Running track</span> Artificial running surface

An all-weather running track is a rubberized, artificial running surface for track and field athletics. It provides a consistent surface for competitors to test their athletic ability unencumbered by adverse weather conditions. Historically, various forms of dirt, rocks, sand, and crushed cinders were used. Many examples of these varieties of track still exist worldwide.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pressure-sensitive tape</span> Type of adhesive

Pressure-sensitive tape or pressure-sensitive adhesive tape is an adhesive tape that will stick with application of pressure, without the need for a solvent or heat for activation. It is known also in various countries as self-stick tape, sticky tape, or just adhesive tape and tape, as well as genericized trademarks, such as Sellotape, Durex (tape), Scotch tape, etc.

<i>LePages, Inc. v. 3M</i>

LePage's Inc. v. 3M, 324 F.3d 141, is a 2003 en banc decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit upholding a jury verdict against bundling. Bundling is the setting of the total price of a purchase of several products or services over a period from one seller at a lower level than the sum of the prices of the products or services purchased separately from several sellers over the period. Typically, one of the bundled items is available only from the seller engaging in the bundling, while the other item or items can be obtained from several sellers. The effect of the bundling is to divert purchasers who need the primary product to the bundling seller and away from other sellers of only the secondary product. For that reason, the practice may be held an antitrust violation as it was in the LePage's case, in which the Third Circuit held that 3M engaged in monopolization in violation of Sherman Act § 2 by (1) offering rebates to customers conditioned on purchases spanning six of 3M's different product lines, and (2) entering into contracts that expressly or effectively required dealing exclusively with 3M.

References

  1. "Scotch Tape | MNopedia". www.mnopedia.org. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  2. "Scotch US – History of Scotch Brand – From Tape to Tacky Glue, Laminator Machines and more" (PDF). 3m.com. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  3. 1 2 "Scotch Transparent Tape - National Historic Chemical Landmark". American Chemical Society. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  4. inventions, Mary Bellis Inventions Expert Mary Bellis covered; films, inventors for ThoughtCo for 18 years She is known for her independent; documentaries; Alex, including one about; Bellis, er Graham Bell our editorial process Mary. "Meet the Banjo-Playing Engineer Who Invented Scotch Tape". ThoughtCo. Retrieved 3 May 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  5. Matchar, Emily. "How the Invention of Scotch Tape Led to a Revolution in How Companies Managed Employees". Smithsonian Magazine. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  6. Genericide: When a Brand Name Becomes Generic. Age of Persuasion: CBC Radio, 7 May 2011
  7. 15 Product Trademarks That Have Become Victims Of Genericization. Consumer Reports, 19 July 2014
  8. "Inventor of the Week: Archive". Web.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 3 April 2003. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  9. Bellis, Mary. "The History of Scotch Tape". About.com. Retrieved 25 January 2013.
  10. 1 2 "Scotch 75th Anniversary – The Tale of the Tape – Mad about Plaid". 3m.com. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  11. "The Use of Metal and Plastic Reels with "Scotch" Sound Recording Tape" (PDF). Sound Talk. 3M. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  12. An even less visible descendant of Magic Tape, Scotch GiftWrap Tape, was introduced in 1997.
  13. Karasev, V. V., Krotova, N. A. & Deryagin, B. W. Study of electronic emission during the stripping of a layer of high polymer from glass in a vacuum. (in Russian) Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 88, 777–780 (1953).
  14. Camara C. G., Escobar J. V., Hird J. R. and Putterman S. J., Correlation between nanosecond X-ray flashes and stick–slip friction in peeling tape, Nature455, 1089–1092 (23 October 2008)