Sendai

Last updated
Sendai
仙台市
SendaiCity Skylines from Mukaiyama2018.jpg
Sendai castle01s3872.jpg
Sendai Tanabata 2023.jpg
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Sendai Station West Exit 2021.jpg
Akiu spa Hotel zuiho 2008.jpg
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Flag of Sendai, Miyagi.svg
Symbol of Sendai, Miyagi.svg
Nickname: 
City of Trees
Sendai
Sendai in Miyagi Prefecture Ja.svg
Location of Sendai in Miyagi Prefecture
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Red pog.svg
Sendai
 
Coordinates: 38°16′5.6″N140°52′9.9″E / 38.268222°N 140.869417°E / 38.268222; 140.869417
Country Japan
Region Tōhoku
Prefecture Miyagi
Government
  Mayor Kazuko Kōri
Area
  Total
786.30 km2 (303.59 sq mi)
Population
 (August 1, 2023)
  Total
1,098,335
  Density1,400/km2 (3,600/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+09:00 (Japan Standard Time)
Symbols 
• Tree Japanese zelkova
• Flower Japanese clover
Phone number022-261-1111
Address3-7-1 Kokubun-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai-shi, Miyagi-ken 980-8671
Website www.city.sendai.jp OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
Sendai
Japanese name
Kanji 仙台
Hiragana せんだい
Katakana センダイ
Transcriptions
Romanization Sendai

See or edit raw graph data.

Demographics

As of 1 March 2023, the city had an estimated population of 1,097,407 and a population density of 1,397 persons per km2. [1] The city's total area was 786.35 km2.

The 2000 National Census revealed that 88.5% of the city's population (892,252 people) lived in a 129.69 km2 area, which is 16.6% of the city's total area. The population density in this area was 6,879.9 persons per km2, more than 5 times higher than the city's average population density at that time, 1,286.6 persons per km2. Approximately 10,000 people in Sendai were non-Japanese citizens.

Sendai had 525,828 households in 2020. The average household had approximately 2.07 members. The average household was becoming smaller every year, because single-member households were increasing. At this time Sendai had more people in their early 50s and in their 20s and early 30s than in other age groups. This is a result of the first and second baby booms in Japan, and university students. The average age in Sendai is 38.4, which makes the city one of the youngest major cities in Japan. [14]

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1920 190,013    
1925 221,709+16.7%
1930 252,017+13.7%
1935 278,821+10.6%
1940 284,132+1.9%
1945 331,570+16.7%
1950 380,217+14.7%
1955 414,775+9.1%
1960 459,876+10.9%
1965 520,059+13.1%
1970 598,950+15.2%
1975 709,326+18.4%
1980 792,036+11.7%
1985 857,335+8.2%
1990 918,398+7.1%
1995 971,297+5.8%
2000 1,008,130+3.8%
2005 1,025,098+1.7%
2010 1,045,903+2.0%
2015 1,082,159+3.5%
2020 1,096,704+1.3%

Governance

Sendai City Hall Sendai City Hall 2023.jpg
Sendai City Hall

Sendai's political system is similar to other cities in Japan, because the Local Autonomy Law makes all municipalities uniform in terms of organization and power. However, Sendai is a designated city, so it has the same jurisdiction as prefectures in some areas.

Sendai has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a unicameral city legislature. The Sendai City Assembly members are elected from 5 elective districts, which correspond to the city's 5 wards. The number of assembly members allocated to each ward is based upon population. As of May 2005, the city has 60 assembly members; 17 from Aoba Ward, 11 from Miyagino, 8 from Wakabayashi, 13 from Taihaku, and 11 from Izumi. The City Assembly elects an Assembly Chairperson and Vice Chairperson. Sendai has two vice mayors, who are not elected by the populace. Miyagi contributes 24 seats to the Miyagi Prefectural legislature. In terms of national politics, the city is divided between the Miyagi 1st district and the Miyagi 2nd district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

List of mayors of Sendai (1889 to present)

Economy

Sendai MEA Sendai Metropolitan Employment Area.svg
Sendai MEA

Sendai is the center of the Tōhoku region's economy, and is the base of the region's logistics and transportation. The GDP in Greater Sendai, Sendai Metropolitan Employment Area (1.6 million people), is US$61.7 billion in 2010. [15] [16] Sendai city by itself has a nominal GDP of approximately US$50 billion as of 2015. [17] The city's economy heavily relies upon retail and services – the two industries provide approximately two thirds of the employment and close to half of the establishments.

Sendai is frequently called a branch-office economy[ by whom? ], because very few major companies are headquartered in the city. Various authorities are cooperating to alleviate this problem, primarily by encouraging high-tech ventures from Tohoku University, which is well known for its science and engineering departments. There are also incentives for startups available from the prefectural government. [18]

Tohoku Electric Power, a major regional supplier of electric power, has its headquarters in Sendai and also operates the Shin-Sendai Thermal Power Station located within the city.

Sendai's economic growth rate has stabilized since the 2011 Japan earthquake. The growth rate was only 0.4% in 2011 after the quake created economic turmoil in coastal areas. The year after, in 2012 the rate spiked to 10.4% after reconstruction efforts. It has since fallen to a closer trend to what is expected of 3.7% in 2013. [19]

Tourism in 2016 attracted an estimated 2.229 million visitors to Sendai. [19]

Education

Tohoku University Kawauchi Campus Kawauchicampus.jpg
Tohoku University Kawauchi Campus

Sendai is sometimes called an "Academic City" (学都, gakuto) because the city has many universities relative to its population. [20]

Universities located within Sendai include:

Schools in the city include Tohoku International School.

Transport

Sendai transport map RailwayRouteMapInSendaiCity.svg
Sendai transport map

Airport

The city is served by Sendai Airport (located in neighboring Natori), which has international flights to several countries, and the Port of Sendai. A rail link to Sendai began service on March 18, 2007. Ibex Airlines headquarters is also located near the airport.

Railway

JR East's Sendai Station is the main transport hub for the city. The station is served by seven JR lines and is a major station on the Tōhoku and Akita Shinkansen lines. An underground passage connects the station to the Sendai Subway. The subway has two lines— Namboku ("north-south") and Tōzai ("east-west") with a total of 30 stations. When completed in 2015, Yagiyama station became the highest-elevated subway station in the country at 136.4 meters.

Bus

In addition to the public bus system, a loop bus called Loople runs between tourism hotspots around the city. [21]

Highways

The Tōhoku Expressway runs north–south through western Sendai, and is connected to other highways, such as the Sendai-Nambu Road, Sendai-Tobu Road, Sanriku Expressway (Sendai-Matsushima Road), and Sendai Hokubu Road.

Port

Ferries connecting Tomakomai and Nagoya stop at the Port of Sendai. [22]

Culture

Streets

Sendai Tanabata Festival SendaiTanabata1.jpg
Sendai Tanabata Festival
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Sendai Pageant of Starlight
Dainenji DainenjiDateTomb2005-10-6.jpg
Dainenji
The Miyagi Museum of Art The miyagi museum of art01s3872.jpg
The Miyagi Museum of Art

The most well-known streets in Sendai, Jozenji-Dori (定禅寺通り) and Aoba-Dori (青葉通り), are both lined with Japanese zelkovas. These are symbols of "The City of Trees". Jozenji-Dori has a promenade and a few sculptures. It is a place of relaxation. Many events and festivals, such as the Sendai Pageant of Starlight and the Jozenji Street Jazz Festival, take place on Jozenji-Dori and in Kōtōdai Park (匂当台公園). Aoba-Dori is the main business road in Sendai. Other major roads in the city include Hirose-Dori (ginkgo), and Higashi-Nibancho-Dori.

Festivals

The most famous festival in Sendai is Tanabata, which attracts more than 2 million visitors every year and is the largest Tanabata Festival in Japan. [23] It is relatively quiet compared to other traditional Japanese festivals, because its main attractions are intricate Tanabata decorations.

The Aoba Matsuri Festival follows more typical Japanese festival traditions, with a mikoshi, floats, a samurai parade, and traditional dancing. [24]

Local people burn their New Year decorations and pray for health in the new year during the Dontosai Festival, the oldest festival in Miyagi Prefecture.

Various contemporary festivals also take place in Sendai, such as the Jōzenji Streetjazz Festival, the Michinoku Yosakoi Festival, and the Sendai Pageant of Starlight. The Jōzenji Streetjazz Festival is one of the largest amateur music festivals in Japan. It began as a jazz festival in 1991, but soon began to accept applications from all genres. The Michinoku Yosakoi festival is a dance festival, derived from the Yosakoi Festival that takes place in Kōchi. Trees in downtown Sendai are decorated with lights during the Sendai Pageant of Starlights. The event provided the idea for the Festival of Lights annually held in Riverside, Sendai's sister city. In 2005, the streets were lit up with one million miniature bulbs.

Specialties and crafts

Gyutan teishoku, a table d'hote of beef tongue Gyutan teishoku.JPG
Gyūtan teishoku , a table d'hôte of beef tongue

Sendai is the origin of several foods, including gyūtan (beef tongue, usually grilled), hiyashi chūka (cold Chinese noodles), and robatayaki (Japanese-style barbecue). However, robatayaki was later introduced to Kushiro, which developed and popularized the dish. As a result, many people believe Kushiro is the origin of Robatayaki. Zundamochi (ずんだ餅, mochi balls with sweet, bright green edamame paste), and sasakamaboko (笹かまぼこ, kamaboko shaped like bamboo leaves) are also considered to be Sendai specialties. Sendai is also known for good sashimi, sushi, and sake. This is because Sendai is near several major fishing ports, such as Kesennuma, Ishinomaki, and Shiogama, and the fact that Miyagi Prefecture is a major producer of rice. There are many ramen restaurants in Sendai, and the area is known for a particular spicy miso ramen. Also, Sendai station offers the most types of ekiben of any station in Japan. In autumn, many people organise Imonikai, a sort of picnic by the river which involves making a potato stew called Imoni . In winter, restaurants offer seri-nabe (せり鍋), a regional specialty that consists of seri and various ingredients mixed in a hotpot. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29]

Many crafts from Sendai were originally created under the influence of the Date family during the Edo period. Examples are Sendai Hira, a hand woven silk fabric, Tsutsumiyaki pottery, and Yanagiu Washi paper. However, some crafts, such as umoregi zaiku (crafts created from fossil wood) were developed by low-ranking samurai who needed side jobs to survive. Kokeshi dolls were popularized by hot spring resorts that sold them as gifts. Some relatively recent developments include Sendai Tsuishu lacquerware and Tamamushinuri lacquerware, both of which were developed after the Meiji Restoration.

Sendai was also known for its production of Tansu, clothing drawers made from wood with elaborate ironwork.

Sites of interest

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Zuihōden

Sendai is home to historical sites related to the Date clan. The ruins of Sendai Castle are close to downtown on Aobayama, which also gives a panoramic view of the city. The Zuihōden is the tomb of Date Masamune and is home to artifacts related to the Date family. It is on a hill called Kyogamine, which is the traditional resting place for Date family members. In Aoba-ku, the Ōsaki Hachiman-gū shaden, built in 1607 by Date Masamune, is designated a National Treasure. Mutsu Kokubun-ji Yakushidō is the provincial temple of Mutsu Province.

Sendai Castle SendaiJoOtemonSumiYagura2003-11.jpg
Sendai Castle

Newer historical sites include the former home of Doi Bansui, a famous lyricist, and a monument at Sendai City Museum that commemorates the Chinese writer Lu Xun. Another statue of Lu Xun can be found in the Tohoku University Katahira Campus, where Lu Xun studied medical science. Older historical sites include the Tōmizuka Tomb, a tomb that dates back to the late 4th century or early 5th century, and the Tomizawa Preserved Forest site, where the excavated remains of a Stone Age human settlement (Upper Palaeolithic – roughly 20,000 years ago) have been protected by a large museum structure, built in 1996. The nearby Site of Tagajō was an important early fort and administrative centre.

Museums

Sendai Umino-Mori Aquarium Sendai Unino-mori Aquarium 2015-07.JPG
Sendai Umino-Mori Aquarium

Sendai City Museum displays artifacts related to the Date family and the history of Sendai. Date Masamune's famous suit of armour and artifacts related to Hasekura Tsunenaga's visit to Rome (National Treasures of Japan) are sometimes on display.

The Sendai Umino-Mori Aquarium, which opened in 2015 as a successor to the Marinepia Matsushima Aquarium, is focusing on raising the Sanriku fish, the blue sharks.

The Miyagi Museum of Art is Sendai's largest art museum. A total of 24 sculptures have been installed in public locations in Sendai through its 'City of Sculptures' project.

The Sendai City Tomizawa Site Museum in the southern part of the city preserves a fossilized forest where the remains of human habitation from 20,000 years ago can be seen. [30]

The Sendai City War Reconstruction Memorial Hall is dedicated to remembering the air raid of July 1945 in which most of Sendai was destroyed. [31]

Other museums include the 3M Sendai City Science Museum  [ ja ], Sendai Literature Museum  [ ja ] and Tohoku University's Museum of Natural History. [32]

Natural sites

Saikachi Gawa SaikachiGawa2005-11b.jpg
Saikachi Gawa

Western Sendai is home to many sites of natural beauty, many of them found around Akiu Onsen and Sakunami, which are hot spring resorts. Sites around the Akiu area include the Akiu Great Falls, sometimes counted as one of Japan's three great waterfalls, and the Rairai Gorge, known for its autumn colours. The Futakuchi Gorge contains waterfalls that have been designated as natural monuments and the Banji Cliffs, an example of columnar basalt. [33]

The Sakunami area is also known for its natural environment, with cherry blossoms in the spring, and autumnal colours. The nearby Hōmei Shijuhachi Taki Falls is the name of waterfalls found in the higher reaches of the Hirose River. The origin of the name "Hōmei" (鳳鳴, "Chinese phoenix cry") is said to come from ancient local inhabitants' claim that the sound of the waterfalls was similar to the legendary bird's call.

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Matsushima

The Tatsunokuchi Gorge offers a view of a petrified wood next to the Otamaya-bashi bridge. Nishi Park and Tsutsujigaoka Park are appreciated for their cherry blossom in the spring. The Hirose River and the Gamo tideland are home to diverse wildlife.

Matsushima, which is one of the Three Views of Japan, is near Sendai, in Matsushima.

Other sites

Sendai Mediatheque is a multipurpose facility that houses the city library, galleries, and film studio facilities open for use by the general public. The building was designed by Toyo Ito and is known for its innovative architecture. [34]

The AER Building, Miyagi Prefectural Office, and SS30 Building have observation decks that offer panoramic views. The Sendai Trust Tower is the tallest building in Tohoku and Hokkaido.[ citation needed ]

Uminomori Aquarium opened in July 2015, built near the Port of Sendai. [35]

The Sendai Daikannon is an approximately 100 m (328 ft) high Kannon statue. The statue was built during Japan's bubble economy by a now defunct company. It was once the tallest statue in the world.

Sendai also contains a Peace Pagoda, built by Nipponzan-Myōhōji-Daisanga in 1974.

Religion

Buddhism

Buddhist temples in Sendai include Mutsu Kokubun-ji, Saihō-ji, and Mutsu Kokubun-niji.

Shinto

Shinto shrines in Sendai include Miyagiken Gokoku Shrine, Tsubonuma Hachiman Shrine, Futahashira Shrine, and Sendai Tōshōgū, a memorial shrine of Tokugawa Ieyasu.

Catholicism

The Catholic Church has been associated with Sendai since 1613, the year in which Date Masamune, daimyō of Sendai, built a galleon to send an embassy to the Pope in Rome headed by Hasekura Tsunenaga. [36] Although the embassy was successful in its aim of establishing relations with the Holy See, Masamune's plans were frustrated by the suppression of Christianity in Japan. The Diocese of Sendai (previously the Diocese of Hakodate) was established in 1891, only two years after the promulgation of a new constitution guaranteeing freedom of religion in Japan, in 1889. The Bishop of Sendai currently oversees the four northern prefectures of Miyagi, Fukushima, Iwate and Aomori, serving 11,152 Catholics in 56 parishes. Mototerakoji, the Cathedral of the diocese, is located a few blocks north of Sendai Station.

Sports

Yurtec Stadium Sendai Sendai-Stadion 2019 Inside.jpg
Yurtec Stadium Sendai
Miyagi Baseball Stadium Rakuten Seimei Park Miyagi(2018).jpg
Miyagi Baseball Stadium
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Kamei Arena Sendai
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Xebio Arena Sendai

Although the Lotte Orions briefly used Sendai as a temporary home for the franchise from 1973 to 1977, the city was largely ignored by professional sports until 1994. In that year, the Tohoku Electric Power football team was changed into a club team, Brummel Sendai, with the goal of eventually being promoted into the J.League. The team achieved this goal when the J. League expanded in 1999 with the creation of a second division. The name of the team was simultaneously changed to Vegalta Sendai. Currently the city also host semi-professional outfit Sony Sendai FC.

In 2005, the number of professional sports teams based in Sendai suddenly increased to three. The Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles was introduced as a new Pacific League baseball franchise after widely publicized turmoil involving the merger of the Kintetsu Buffaloes and the Orix Blue Wave developed into the first strike in Nippon Professional Baseball. Additionally, the Japan Basketball League, which began its inaugural season in November 2005, included the Sendai 89ers among its first six teams.

Annual sporting events include the Sendai Cup, an international football tournament for U-18 teams, and the Sendai International Half Marathon. In 2006 of the Sendai International half marathon, Mizuki Noguchi, who won the women's marathon gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympic Games, took part in and won the race in a surprising course record.

Various sporting venues can be found in Sendai, such as Hitomebore Stadium Miyagi (venue of 2002 FIFA World Cup), Yurtec Stadium Sendai, Miyagi Baseball Stadium, Sendai City Gymnasium, Sendai Athletic Stadium, Shellcom Sendai and Sendai Hi-Land Raceway. The city is also known as the origin of figure skating in Japan, and both 2006 Olympic gold medalist Shizuka Arakawa and two-time Olympic gold medalist (2014, 2018) Yuzuru Hanyu trained in Sendai during their childhood. Tohoku Fukushi University and Sendai Ikuei Gakuen High School are well known for their strong sports programs, the latter for baseball.

In 2006, Sendai hosted some games of the 2006 FIBA World Championship. Before that, the city had some experience at hosting international basketball events such as the 1994 and 2004 editions of the FIBA Women's Asia Cup. Sendai Girls' Pro Wrestling is a joshi wrestling company based in sendai.

Baseball

Basketball

Football

Futsal

Volleyball

International relations

Sister cities

Sendai has a long history of international relationships. Its affiliation with Riverside, California dates back to March 9, 1957. Sendai is twinned with: [37]

Friendship cities

Sendai also cooperates with: [37]

International events

The Sendai International Music Competition takes place every three years, welcoming participants from around the world.

Sendai has hosted international conferences about disaster management, as is recognized as a model city for disaster risk prevention. [38]

Notable people

Yuzuru Hanyu Hanyu - 2018 Olympics.jpg
Yuzuru Hanyu
Ai Fukuhara Ai Fukuhara WTTC 2016 (cropped).jpg
Ai Fukuhara

References

  1. 1 2 推計人口及び人口動態 [Population estimates and demographics]. City of Sendai (in Japanese). Retrieved 1 April 2023.
  2. 1 2 "Magnitude 8.9 - NEAR THE EAST COAST OF HONSHU, JAPAN". US Geological Survey. 11 March 2011. Archived from the original on 13 March 2011.
  3. 1 2 "Japanese earthquake update - Government response". UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office. March 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-03-14.
  4. 1 2 "Japan earthquake: timeline of the disaster, from tsunami to nuclear crisis". The Telegraph. 15 March 201.]
  5. "Killer tsunami surges across Japan after 8.9 quake". Sydney Morning Herald. 11 March 2011.
  6. Fackler, Martin (13 March 2011). "At Sendai City Hall, a Relief Center, Thousands Wait and Wonder What's Next". The New York Times.
  7. "Japan earthquake: Tsunami hits north-east". BBC. 11 March 2011.
  8. "Sendai port reopens for business". Kyodo News. 17 April 2011. p. 1 via The Japan Times.
  9. Chen, Yangbo (1 September 2004). "Study Basin". GIS and Remote Sensing in Hydrology, Water Resources and Environment. International Association of Hydrological Sciences. pp. 392–393. ISBN   978-1901502725.
  10. "Earthquake Off-shore of Miyagi Prefecture on August 16, 2005". Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion. 17 August 2005. Retrieved March 18, 2011.
  11. Hiromitsu Kanno. "Classification of the Yamase (cold northeasterly wind around northeastern Japan) based upon its air-mass vertical structures". Tenki (in Japanese). 40. doi:10.2480/agrmet.52.949.
  12. 平年値(年・月ごとの値) [Normal values (yearly and monthly values)] (in Japanese). Japan Meteorological Agency . Retrieved May 19, 2021.
  13. "Climate & Weather Averages in Sendai". Time and Date. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
  14. 推計人口及び人口動態 - 令和元年9月1日現在 [Estimated population and demographics]. September 1, 2019.
  15. Yoshitsugu Kanemoto. "Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data". Center for Spatial Information Science, The University of Tokyo.
  16. "Conversion rates – Exchange rates". OECD Data.
  17. 経済活動別 市内総生産(名目) [Gross city product by economic activity (nominal)] (in Japanese). May 2018. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
  18. "Miyagi: General Business Information". Japan External Trade Organization. September 2018. Archived from the original on 7 May 2019.
  19. 1 2 "Industry in Sendai 2016" (PDF). Sendai City. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 14, 2017. Retrieved November 11, 2016.
  20. "Overview of Sendai City". City of Sendai. Archived from the original on 2008-05-06.
  21. "Homepage". Loople Sendai.
  22. "Access information on Port of Sendai". Taiheiyo Ferry.
  23. "Sendai Tanabata Festival". Sendai Tanabata Festival. Retrieved 2025-05-12.
  24. "A History of Sendai Aoba Matsuri". Aoba Festival Sendai. 2007.
  25. 【仙台名物】今が旬!セリ鍋がうまい店6選 [[Sendai specialty] Now in season! 6 restaurants serving delicious parsley hotpot]. S-style Web (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  26. 水芹火鍋 [Celery Hotpot]. tw.visitmiyagi.com (in Chinese (Taiwan)). Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  27. 名取のせり鍋特集 宮城仙台のご当地グルメ [Special feature on Natori's parsley hotpot: Local gourmet food in Sendai, Miyagi]. www.kankou.natori.miyagi.jp. Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  28. 〔仙台グルメ〕仙台せり鍋【冬】 [[Sendai Gourmet] Sendai Japanese parsley hotpot [Winter]]. sendaimiyagicp.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  29. せり鍋 [Japanese parsley hotpot]. sendaimiyagicp.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved 2025-03-06.
  30. "General Information". City of Sendai. Archived from the original on 29 March 2013.
  31. "Homepage" (in Japanese). Sendai City War Reconstruction Memorial Hall.
  32. "Homepage" (in Japanese). Tohoku University Museum Homepage.
  33. "Sendai Hotel". GoJapanGo. Archived from the original on 27 April 2012.
  34. "about Sendai mediatheque". smt.jp. Archived from the original on 2007-10-24.
  35. "Joestu Aquarium Umigatari" (in Japanese). Sendai Umino-Mori Aquarium.
  36. Charles Ralph Boxer, The Christian Century in Japan, 1549–1650, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), p.314
  37. 1 2 "Sendai's International Sister and Friendship Cities". city.sendai.jp. City of Sendai. Retrieved 2024-02-03.
  38. "Aiming to Make Sendai a "Disaster-Resilient and Environmentally-Friendly City"". Disaster-Resilient and Environmentally-Friendly City Promotion Office.
  39. 「M県S市杜王町」ジョジョの世界、仙台と一体 原画展開幕、原作者の荒木飛呂彦氏があいさつ ["Morioh Town, S City, M Prefecture" The world of JoJo is integrated with Sendai. Original artwork unveiled, original author Hirohiko Araki gives a speech] (in Japanese). Sankei Shimbun. August 13, 2017. Retrieved October 27, 2019.
  40. Shoji Yamada. Shots in the Dark: Japan, Zen, and the West. University of Chicago Press. p. 92. ISBN   9780226947655.
  41. サンドウィッチマンの伊達みきおさん、富澤たけしさんへ第2期仙台観光アンバサダーを委嘱しました [Sandwichman's Mikio Date and Takeshi Tomizawa have been appointed as the second Sendai Tourism Ambassadors]. city.sendai.jp (in Japanese). City of Sendai. 2024-03-10. Retrieved 2024-06-14.