The Chicago Boys were a group of Chilean economists prominent around the 1970s and 1980s,the majority of whom were educated at the Department of Economics of the University of Chicago under Milton Friedman and Arnold Harberger,or at its affiliate in the economics department at the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile. After they finished their studies and returned to Latin America,they adopted positions in numerous South American governments including the military dictatorship of Chile (1973–1990),as economic advisors. Many of them reached the highest positions within those governments. Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher were influenced by Chile's policies and economic reforms.
The "Miracle of Chile" was a term used by economist Milton Friedman to describe the reorientation of the Chilean economy in the 1980s and the effects of the economic policies applied by a large group of Chilean economists who collectively came to be known as the Chicago Boys,having studied at the University of Chicago where Friedman taught. He said the "Chilean economy did very well,but more importantly,in the end the central government,the military junta,was replaced by a democratic society. So the really important thing about the Chilean business is that free markets did work their way in bringing about a free society." The junta to which Friedman refers was a military government that came to power in a 1973 coup d'état,which came to an end in 1990 after a democratic 1988 plebiscite removed Augusto Pinochet from the presidency.
Sergio Ramírez Mercado is a Nicaraguan writer and intellectual who was a key figure in 1979 revolution,served in the leftist Government Junta of National Reconstruction and as vice president of the country 1985–1990 under the presidency of Daniel Ortega. He has been described as Nicaragua's "best-known living writer". Since the 1990s,he has been involved in the left-wing opposition to the Nicaraguan government,in particular in the Movimiento de Renovación Sandinista. He was exiled from the country in 2021 and stripped of his nationality by the government in 2023.
The economy of Chile has shifted substantially over time from the heterogeneous economies of the diverse indigenous peoples to an early husbandry-oriented economy and finally to one of raw material export and a large service sector. Chile's recent economic history has been the focus of an extensive debate,as it pioneered neoliberal economic policies.
Sergio Pitol Deméneghi was a Mexican writer,translator and diplomat. In 2005,he received the Cervantes Prize,the most prestigious literary award in the Spanish-speaking world.
Jaime Jorge Guzmán Errázuriz was a Chilean constitutional law professor,politician,and founding member of the conservative Independent Democratic Union party. In the 1960s,he strongly opposed the University Reform movement and became an active organizer of the Gremialist movement. Guzmán vehemently opposed President Salvador Allende and later became a trusted advisor of General Augusto Pinochet and his dictatorship. As a professor of Constitutional Law,Guzmán played a significant role in drafting the 1980 Chilean Constitution. He briefly served as a senator during the transition to democracy before being assassinated in 1991 by members of the communist urban guerrilla organization group,the Manuel Rodríguez Patriotic Front (Autonomous).
Hernán Alberto Büchi Buc is a Chilean economist who served as minister of finance of the Pinochet government. In 1989 he ran unsuccessfully for president with support of Chilean right-wing parties.
Little White Dove is a 1973 Chilean teen dramedy film directed by Raúl Ruiz. It is loosely based on the bestselling 1971 teen novel Palomita Blanca by Enrique Lafourcade. As a result of the 1973 Chilean coup d'état and military dictatorship (1973–1990),the film was presumed lost for many years and not released until 1992.
The Huilliche uprising of 1712 was an indigenous uprising against the Spanish encomenderos of the ChiloéArchipelago,which was then a part of the Captaincy General of Chile. The rebellion took place in the central part of the archipelago.
The Crisis of 1982 was a major economic crisis suffered in Chile during the military government of Chile (1973–1990). Chile's GDP fell 14.3%,and unemployment rose to 23.7%.
El ladrillo is a study considered the base of many of the economic policies followed by the military dictatorship that ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990. El ladrillo was finished just a few weeks before the 1973 Chilean coup d'etat. This study became known to the public in 1992 when it was published by the Centro de Estudios Públicos,a think tank associated with the Chicago Boys,and with a prologue written by economist Sergio de Castro. Emilio Sanfuentes was the coordinator of the team of economists who researched the different topics.
Post Mortem is a 2010 Chilean drama film directed by Pablo Larraín and set during the 1973 military coup that overthrew former President Salvador Allende,inaugurating the 17-year dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet. The film competed in the 67th Venice International Film Festival,Antofagasta Film Festival,Havana Film Festival and the Guadalajara International Film Festival. The film's main character Mario Cornejo is based on a real person with the same name.
Electrodomésticos is a Chilean band of experimental rock and electronic rock,formed in Santiago de Chile in 1984. The band was one of the most critically acclaimed avant-garde acts of the underground scene of Pinochet´s Chile during the 1980s. They were active from 1984 to 1991,when they produced two remarkable albums,Viva Chile and Carrera de éxitos. They reunited in 2002 and created a new album called La Nueva Canción Chilena. They dissolved again in 2005,and reunited again in 2011,when a documentary about them was made by Sergio Castro,called Electrodomésticos:El frío misterio. Carlos Cabezas was the founding member and leader of the emblematic band. In 2017 they released a new studio album called Ex la humanidad.
The following lists events that happened during 1982 in Chile.
Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP) is a non-profit Chilean think tank founded in 1980. Its stated mission is to “contribute to the development of a free and democratic society”through:1) the analysis and dissemination of philosophical,political,social and economic problems of interest to Chilean society;2) the study,discussion and design of public policies;and 3) the promotion of institutions that support and enable the existence of a constitutional and democratic order. CEP contributes to the public debate through its seminars,the policy brief Puntos de Referencia,the journal,Estudios Públicos which has appeared continuously since 1980,the publication of books and various research studies,as well as social surveys,which have been conducted since 1987. CEP has become a household name for political,academic,and intellectual debate.
Niklas Fernando Nygård Castro is a football forward who currently plays for Brann. Born in Norway,Castro represents the Chile national team.
Alejo Antilef is an Argentine–Chilean professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for San Luis de Quillota on loan from Unión La Calera.
Chicago Boys is a 2015 Chilean documentary film written and directed by Carola Fuentes &Rafael Valdeavellano. The film tells the story of the Chicago Boys,a group of Chilean economists trained at the Catholic University of Chile who,after conducting graduate studies at the University of Chicago under professor Arnold Harberger,return to their country and,after Augusto Pinochet's military dictatorship (1973–1990),become the main ideologues of the neoliberal economic model in Chile.
Juan Rodolfo VillarzúRohde is a Chilean politician who served as minister.
Alfredo Romano Jr is an Argentine businessman,professor and philanthropist,co-creator of "Fundación El Potrero". In his youth he was a soccer player at Paris St.Germain (2006). He is an independent economist in favor of dollarization of the economy,author of the essay Dolarizar,un camino hacia la estabilidad económica. He collaborates as analyst in several media.
