Cartography is the study and practice of making and using maps. Combining science, aesthetics, and technique, cartography builds on the premise that reality can be modeled in ways that communicate spatial information effectively.
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.
An atlas is a collection of maps; it is typically a bundle of maps of Earth or a region of Earth.
Tabula Peutingeriana, also referred to as Peutinger's Tabula or Peutinger Table, is an illustrated itinerarium showing the layout of the cursus publicus, the road network of the Roman Empire.
Joint Publishing, also known as Sanlian Press or SDX Joint Publishing, is a book store chain and publisher founded at Queen's Road Central in Hong Kong on 18 October 1948. Joint Publishing is one of major book store chains in Hong Kong and currently a subsidiary company of Sino United Publishing (Holdings) Limited. The Mainland China branches of the book store chain, such as SDX Joint Publishing and Shanghai Joint Publishing were owned by separate holding company of the Chinese government.
The history of cartography traces the development of cartography, or mapmaking technology, in human history. Maps have been one of the most important human inventions for millennia, allowing humans to explain and navigate their way through the world. The earliest surviving maps include cave paintings and etchings on tusk and stone, followed by extensive maps produced by ancient Babylon, Greece and Rome, China, and India. In their most simple form maps are two dimensional constructs, however since the age of Classical Greece maps have also been projected onto a three-dimensional sphere known as a globe. The Mercator Projection, developed by Flemish geographer Gerardus Mercator, was widely used as the standard two-dimensional projection of the earth for world maps until the late 20th century, when more accurate projections were formulated. Mercator was also the first to use and popularise the concept of the atlas as a collection of maps.
Chinese cartography began in the 5th century BC during the Warring States period when cartographers started to make maps of the Earth's surface. Its scope extended beyond China's borders with the expansion of the Chinese Empire under the Han dynasty. By the 11th century during the Song dynasty highly-accurate maps drawn on grids were produced. During the 15th century, the Ming dynasty admiral Zheng He went on a series of voyages to the South China Sea, Indian Ocean, and beyond and maps for areas outside of China were produced, although world maps covering territories known to the Chinese outside of China existed as early as the Tang dynasty.
The Kongka Pass or Kongka La is a low mountain pass over a hill that intrudes into the Chang Chenmo Valley, which has become a key marker of the Line of Actual Control between India and China. China considers Kongka Pass as its boundary with India, whereas India regards Lanak Pass further east as the boundary. The pass was the location of the Kongka Pass incident, a military skirmish between Chinese and Indian patrol officers in 1959.
The MapArt Publishing Corporation is a Canadian cartography publisher founded in 1981 by Peter Heiler Ltd. that produces and prints yearly editions of maps for Canada and the United States. Headquartered in Oshawa, Ontario, MapArt is Canada's leading map publisher, producing more Canadian titles than any of its competitors and all settlements with a population over 5000 in Canada are covered in various editions. Its signature yellow cover is seen throughout the country at filling stations, convenience stores, and general merchandising stores. MapArt Publishing grouped up with Rand McNally Maps and JDMGEO Maps, to create CCC Maps in 2013 but returned to publish under the MapArt banner in 2014.
Kunyu Wanguo Quantu, printed in China at the request of the Wanli Emperor during 1602 by the Italian Catholic missionary Matteo Ricci and Chinese collaborators, Mandarin Zhong Wentao and the technical translator, Li Zhizao, is the earliest known Chinese world map with the style of European maps. It has been referred to as the Impossible Black Tulip of Cartography, "because of its rarity, importance and exoticism". The map was crucial in expanding Chinese knowledge of the world. It was eventually exported to Korea then Japan and was influential there as well, though less so than Alenio's Zhifang Waiji.
Cartographic propaganda is a map created with the goal of achieving a result similar to traditional propaganda. The map can be outright falsified, or created using subjectivity with the goal of persuasion. The idea that maps are subjective is not new; cartographers refer to maps as a human-subjective product and some view cartography as an "industry, which packages and markets spatial knowledge" or as a communicative device distorted by human subjectivity. However, cartographic propaganda is widely successful because maps are often presented as a miniature model of reality, and it is a rare occurrence that a map is referred to as a distorted model, which sometimes can "lie" and contain items that are completely different from reality. Because the word propaganda has become a pejorative, it has been suggested that mapmaking of this kind should be described as “persuasive cartography,” defined as maps intended primarily to influence opinions or beliefs – to send a message – rather than to communicate geographic information.
South Tibet is a literal translation of the Chinese term '藏南' (Zàngnán), which may refer to different geographic areas:
Pieter Goos (1616–1675) was a Dutch cartographer, copperplate engraver, publisher and bookseller. He was the son of Abraham Goos (1590–1643), also a cartographer and map seller. From 1666, Pieter Goos published a number of well produced atlases. He was the first to map Christmas Island, which he labelled "Mony" in his map of the East Indies, published in his 1666 Zee-Atlas. His Atlas ofte Water-Weereld has been cited as one of the best maritime atlases of its time. Another of his fine works was the Oost Indien map published in 1680.
The Khurnak Fort is a ruined fort on the northern shore of the Pangong Lake that spans eastern Ladakh in India and Rutog County in Tibet. The area of the Khurnak Fort is disputed by India and China, and has been under Chinese administration since 1958.
The Chip Chap River is a tributary of the Shyok River that flows from the disputed Aksai Chin region administered by China to Ladakh in India. It originates at the eastern edge of the Depsang Plains and flows west, skirting around the Depsang Plains in the north. It discharges into the Shyok River, forming one of the upstream tributaries of the Indus River.
The Lanak La or Lanak Pass is a mountain pass in the disputed Aksai Chin region, administered by China as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region. It is claimed by India as its border pass.
Sino United Publishing (Holdings) Limited is Hong Kong's largest integrated publishing group, formed in 1988 from the integration of some of the historic publishing agencies. Its business includes publishing, distribution, retail, printing, RFID packaging design, art business, cultural exchanges. It has subsidiaries and affiliated agencies throughout Hong Kong and Macao, mainland China, Singapore, Malaysia, as well as in North America, Europe etc.
The Longquan Mountains are a low-lying range of mountains in Sichuan, China. The mountains are 200 km (120 mi) long, on average 10 km (6.2 mi) wide, and form a ridge-like barrier between the Chengdu Plain and the rest of the Sichuan Basin. They range from Deyang in the north to Leshan in the south. The highest point of the range is Ximei Mountain (西眉山) at 1,045 m (3,428 ft) in Zhongjiang County. The Longquan are bisected by the Tuo River in the north that forms a 400 m (1,300 ft)-deep gorge through the mountains.
Events from the year 1679 in China.
The Yili River or Yili He, originally named "Yini River" (以尼河), from the Yi language. In the noun "Yini", "Yi" refers water, and "Ni" refers willow, which means to insert willows by the river, so it is also called "Willow River" (柳树河).
