Sir Jonathan Trelawny | |
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Bishop of Winchester | |
![]() Portrait by Godfrey Kneller, 1720 | |
Church | Church of England |
Diocese | Winchester |
In office | 1707–1721 |
Predecessor | Peter Mews |
Successor | Charles Trimnell |
Orders | |
Consecration | 8 November 1685 by William Sancroft |
Personal details | |
Born | |
Died | 19 July 1721 71) Chelsea, Middlesex, England | (aged
Nationality | English |
Denomination | Anglican |
Previous post(s) | Bishop of Bristol (1685–1689) Bishop of Exeter (1689–1707) |
Education | Westminster School |
Alma mater | Christ Church, Oxford |
Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet (24 March 1650 – 19 July 1721) was an English Bishop of Bristol, Bishop of Exeter and Bishop of Winchester. Trelawny is best known for his role in the events leading up to the Glorious Revolution which are sometimes believed to be referenced in the Cornish anthem "The Song of the Western Men".
He was born at Trelawne in the parish of Pelynt, Cornwall, the eldest surviving son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 2nd Baronet, and Mary Seymour, daughter of Sir Edward Seymour, 2nd Baronet. He was educated at Westminster School and then went to Christ Church, Oxford at the start of the Michaelmas term of 1668 where he distinguished himself as a scholar.
A staunch royalist, he was ordained in 1673 and became a beneficed clergyman. He was appointed rector of South Hill on 4 October and of St. Ives on 12 December 1677, becoming Bishop of Bristol in 1685. He was one of the Seven Bishops tried for seditious libel under James II. Trelawny and the other bishops petitioned against James II's Declaration of Indulgence in 1687 and 1688, (granting religious tolerance to Catholics) and as a result, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London on charges of seditious libel. The bishops said that whilst they were loyal to King James II, their consciences would not agree to allowing freedom of worship to Catholics even if it were to be within the privacy of their own homes as the Declaration proposed; thus they could not sign. Trelawny was held for three weeks before trial, then tried and acquitted; this led to great celebrations, with bells being rung in his home parish of Pelynt. [1]
Trelawny was rewarded in 1689 by being appointed Bishop of Exeter (whilst still, until 1694, Archdeacon of Totnes) after the military defeat of James II and the accession of the Protestant William of Orange to the British throne. He was further rewarded by being appointed Bishop of Winchester in 1707, although his promotion was a matter of some controversy, as Queen Anne, who was determined to keep all important Church appointments within her own gift, overruled the advice of her ministers and of Thomas Tenison, the Archbishop of Canterbury in appointing him, thus provoking the so-called Bishoprics Crisis. He died in 1721, in Chelsea, Middlesex; his body was taken back to Pelynt for burial.
He married Rebecca Hele, by whom he had twelve children: [2] [3] [4]
It is sometimes suggested that Bishop Trelawny was immortalised in the Cornish Anthem, "The Song of the Western Men", better known simply as "Trelawny", written over a century later and composed by Parson Robert Stephen Hawker, vicar of Morwenstow.
Admiral of the Fleet Sir Cloudesley Shovell was an English naval officer. As a junior officer he saw action at the Battle of Solebay and then at the Battle of Texel during the Third Anglo-Dutch War. As a captain he fought at the Battle of Bantry Bay during the Williamite War in Ireland.
Admiral Sir John Narborough was an English naval commander. He served with distinction in the Anglo-Dutch Wars and against the pirates of the Barbary Coast. He is also known for leading a poorly understood expedition to Valdivia and Patagonia in 1670–1671. In the 1680s he was involved in the scavenging of wrecked Spanish treasure ships.
Association was a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1697. She served with distinction at the capture of Gibraltar, and was lost in 1707 by grounding on the Isles of Scilly in the greatest maritime disaster of the age. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.
Pelynt is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth and four miles (6.5 km) west-northwest of Looe. Pelynt had a population of around 1,124 at the 2001 census which increased to 1,296 at the 2011 census. In addition, an electoral ward with the same name exists but extends towards Widegates avoiding Looe at all times. The population in 2011 for this ward was 4,453.
Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 2nd Baronet, of Trelawny in the parish of Pelynt in Cornwall, England, was a Member of Parliament.
Sir John Trelawny, 4th Baronet, of Trelawne in Cornwall, was an Cornish politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1713 to 1734. Trelawny was the eldest son of Sir Jonathan Trelawny, 3rd Baronet and his wife Rebecca Hele, daughter of Thomas Hele of Bascombe, Devon. His father was Bishop of Bristol, Bishop of Exeter and Bishop of Winchester. He matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford on 26 January 1708. He married Agnes Blackwood daughter of Thomas Blackwood of Scotland. He succeeded his father in the baronetcy on 19 July 1721.
The Trelawny, later Salusbury-Trelawny Baronetcy, of Trelawny in the County of Cornwall, is a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 1 July 1628 for John Trelawny of Trelawny in the parish of Pelynt in Cornwall. The family derived much of their political power from their patronage of the nearby pocket borough of East Looe. The second Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for East Looe, Cornwall and Liskeard. The third Baronet was a clergyman and one of the Seven Bishops imprisoned by James II. The fourth Baronet represented West Looe, Liskeard and East Looe in the House of Commons. The fifth Baronet was Member of Parliament for East Looe. The sixth Baronet sat as Member of Parliament for West Looe and served as Governor of Jamaica. The eighth Baronet was Member of Parliament for East Cornwall 1832–1837 and Lord-Lieutenant of Cornwall. In 1802 he assumed the additional surname of Salusbury. The ninth Baronet represented Tavistock and East Cornwall in Parliament.
Brigadier-General Henry Trelawny was a British Army officer of Cornish descent, a Member of Parliament and Vice-Admiral of Cornwall.
Major General Charles Trelawny, also spelt 'Trelawney', was an English soldier from Cornwall who played a prominent part in the 1688 Glorious Revolution, and was a Member of Parliament for various seats between 1685 and 1713.
Events from the year 1650 in England, second year of the Third English Civil War.
HMS Charles was a 96-gun first-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, built by Christopher Pett at Deptford Dockyard until his death in March 1668, then completed by Jonas Shish after being launched in the same month. Her name was formally Charles the Second, but she was known simply as Charles, particularly after 1673 when the contemporary Royal Charles was launched.
Firebrand was a Royal Navy fireship built at Limehouse in 1694, the first Royal Naval vessel to bear the name.
HMS Romney was a 50-gun fourth rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, launched at Blackwall Yard on 23 October 1694. Commanded by Captain William Coney, Romney was wrecked on the Scilly Isles on 26 October 1707 when a disastrous navigational error sent Admiral Sir Cloudesley Shovell's fleet through dangerous reefs while on their way from Gibraltar to Portsmouth. Four ships were lost, with nearly 2,000 sailors. Romney hit Bishop Rock and went down with all but one of her crew. The sole survivor was George Lawrence, who had worked as a butcher before joining the crew of Romney as quartermaster. The Scilly naval disaster was one of the greatest maritime disasters in British history. It was largely as a result of this disaster that the Board of the Admiralty instituted a competition for a more precise method to determine longitude.
Sir Harry Trelawny, 5th Baronet, of Whitleigh, Devon, was a British Army officer and Tory politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1708 to 1710.
Sir John Trelawny, 1st Baronet was a Cornish baronet and soldier from Trelawne, Cornwall. He was High Sheriff of Cornwall. A Royalist MP, he fought for Charles I in the English Civil War.
The Scilly naval disaster of 1707 was the loss of four warships of a Royal Navy fleet off the Isles of Scilly in severe weather on 22 October 1707. Between 1,400 and 2,000 sailors lost their lives aboard the wrecked vessels, making the incident one of the worst maritime disasters in British naval history. The disaster has been attributed to a combination of factors, including the navigators' inability to accurately calculate their positions, errors in the available charts and pilot books, and inadequate compasses.
The Narborough Baronetcy, of Knowlton in the County of Kent, was a title in the Baronetage of England. It was created on 15 November 1688 in honour of Admiral Sir John Narborough for his four-year-old son John, and with remainder to his younger brother, James.
Trelawne is an historic manor in the parish of Pelynt in Cornwall, England, situated 20 miles (32 km) west of Plymouth, Devon and four miles (6.4 km) west-northwest of Looe, Cornwall. It was long the seat of the Trelawny family, later Trelawny baronets, one of the most eminent of Cornish gentry families, much of whose political power derived from their control of the pocket borough of nearby East Looe. The surviving grade II* listed manor house known as Trelawne House is today used for holiday accommodation and entertainment, under the name "Trelawne Manor Holiday Park".
Trelawny or Trelawney is a habitational surname that originated in Cornwall. The family are said to have descended from Haemlin, who held several manors from Robert, Count of Mortain, according to the Domesday Book.