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The Lower Paleolithic era on the Korean Peninsula and in Manchuria began roughly half a million years ago. The earliest known Korean pottery dates to around 8000 BC,and the Neolithic period began after 6000 BC,followed by the Bronze Age by 2000 BC,and the Iron Age around 700 BC.
Korean monarchy existed in Korea until the end of the Japanese occupation and the defeat of Japan. After the independence and the installation of the Constitution that adopted republic system,the concept of nobility has been abolished,both formally and in practice.
Joseon,officially Great Joseon,was the last dynastic kingdom of Korea,lasting just over 500 years. It was founded by Yi Seong-gye in July 1392 and replaced by the Korean Empire in October 1897. The kingdom was founded following the aftermath of the overthrow of Goryeo in what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on,Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul. The kingdom's northernmost borders were expanded to the natural boundaries at the rivers of Amrok and Tuman through the subjugation of the Jurchens.
Lee,I,or Yi is the second-most-common surname in Korea,behind Kim (김). Historically,李was officially written as Ni in Korea. The spelling officially changed to I in 1933 when the initial sound rule was established. In North Korea,it is romanized as Ri because there is no distinction between the alveolar liquids /l/ and /r/ in modern Korean. As of the South Korean census of 2015,there were 7,306,828 people by this name in South Korea or 14.7% of the population.
The yangban were part of the traditional ruling class or gentry of dynastic Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. The yangban were mainly composed of highly educated civil servants and military officers—landed or unlanded aristocrats who individually exemplified the Korean Confucian form of a "scholarly official". They were largely government administrators and bureaucrats who oversaw medieval and early modern Korea's traditional agrarian bureaucracy until the end of the dynasty in 1897. In a broader sense,an office holder's family and descendants,as well as country families who claimed such descent,were socially accepted as yangban.
The hanbok is a traditional clothing of the Korean people. The term hanbok is primarily used by South Koreans;North Koreans refer to the clothes as chosŏn-ot (조선옷).
Korean ceramic history begins with the oldest earthenware from around 8000 BC. Throughout the history,the Korean peninsula has been home to lively,innovative,and sophisticated art making. Long periods of stability have allowed for the establishment of spiritual traditions,and artisan technologies specific to the region. Korean ceramics in Neolithic period have a unique geometric patterns of sunshine,or it is decorated with twists. In Southern part of Korea,Mumun pottery were popular. Mumun togi used specific minerals to make colors of red and black. Korean pottery developed a distinct style of its own,with its own shapes,such as the moon jar or Buncheong sagi which is a new form between earthenware and porcelain,white clay inlay celadon of Goryeo,and later styles like minimalism that represents Korean Joseon philosophers' idea. Many talented Korean potters were captured and brought to Japan during the invasions of Korea,where they heavily contributed to advancing Japanese pottery. Arita ware,founded by Yi Sam-pyeong opened a new era of porcelain in Japan. Another Japanese representative porcelain,Satsuma ware was also founded by Dang-gil Shim and Pyeong-ui Park. 14th generation of Su-kwan Shim have been using the same name to his grandfather and father to honor they are originally Korean,14th Su-kwan Shim is honorable citizen of Namwon,Korea.
Korean painting (Korean: 한국화) includes paintings made in Korea or by overseas Koreans on all surfaces. The earliest surviving Korean paintings are murals in the Goguryeo tombs,of which considerable numbers survive,the oldest from some 2,000 years ago,with varied scenes including dancers,hunting and spirits. It has been hypothesized the Takamatsuzuka Tomb in Japan,from the 7th-century end of the Goguryeo period,has paintings with Goguryeo influence,either done by Goguryeo artists,or Japanese one trained by Goguryeo people. Since a lot of influences came into the Korean peninsula from China during the Three Kingdoms period. Until the Joseon dynasty the primary influences came from Chinese painting though done with Korean landscapes,facial features,Buddhist topics,and an emphasis on celestial observation in keeping with the rapid development of Korean astronomy.
Choe Mu-Seon (1325–1395) was a medieval Korean scientist,inventor,and military commander during the late Goryeo Dynasty and early Joseon Dynasty. He is best known for enabling Korea to domestically produce gunpowder by obtaining a recipe for the Chinese commodity from a Chinese merchant,as well as inventing various gunpowder-based weapons in an attempt to repel the wokou pirates that plundered coastal regions of the Korean Peninsula.
Throughout the ages,there have been various popular religious traditions practiced on the Korean peninsula. The oldest indigenous religion of Korea is the Korean folk religion,which has been passed down from prehistory to the present. Buddhism was introduced to Korea from China during the Three Kingdoms era in the fourth century,and the religion pervaded the culture until the Joseon Dynasty when Confucianism was established as the state philosophy. During the Late Joseon Dynasty,in the 19th century,Christianity began to gain a foothold in Korea. While both Christianity and Buddhism would play important roles in the resistance to the Japanese occupation of Korea in the first half of the 20th century,only about 4% of Koreans were members of a religious organization in 1940.
The National Museum of Korea (Korean: 국립중앙박물관) is the flagship museum of Korean history and art in South Korea. Since its establishment in 1945,the museum has been committed to various studies and research activities in the fields of archaeology,history,and art,continuously developing a variety of exhibitions and education programs.
An,also romanized Ahn,is a Korean family name. 109 Korean clans are named 'An',but with different origins. In 2000,there were 637,786 people bearing this surname in South Korea,making it the 20th most common family name in the country,with roughly 2% of the country's population. North Korea does not release figures for surnames,but the percentage is expected to be more than in South Korea.
The naval history of Korea dates back thousands of years since the prehistoric times when simple fishing ships were used. Military naval history dates back to the Three Kingdoms period and Unified Silla dynasties of Korea in the 7th century. Because of the constant coastal attacks by the Wa Japanese and other barbarian tribes,Korean shipbuilding excelled to counter these threats as a result. During the Unified Silla period,Jang Bogo,a merchant,rose as an admiral and created the first maritime trading within East Asian countries. During the Goryeo dynasty,sturdy wooden ships were built and used to fight pirates. Korean shipbuilding again excelled during the Imjin war,when Admiral Yi defeated the advancing Japanese fleets.
Yongbieocheonga,literally Songs of the Dragons Flying to Heaven,was the first work written in Hangul. The book was published in 1447 and written by Jeong Inji,An Ji,and Kwon Jae. The preface was written by Seong Sam-mun and Pak Paengnyeon.
Gwanbok is a Korean term which was borrowed from the Chinese terms guanfu and guanfu. The term gwanbok is a collective term which refers to historical official attire,which was bestowed by the government court,including Chinese courts of various dynasties. The guanfu (冠服) system was a court attire system in China which also formed part of the Hanfu system. This system was them spread to neighbouring countries and was adopted in Korea since ancient times in different periods through the ritual practice of bestowal of clothing. Acknowledgement through bestowed robes and crowns (冠服) from the Emperor of China,who held hegemony over East Asia,would give support to Korean Kings and successors,as being the authentic rulers of their country as well as confirmed the political status of the Korean kingdom in the rest of the Sinosphere. The gwanbok system in Korea was different for each kingdom and changed throughout different periods. For example,initially given by the Chinese court in ritual practice,successive gwanbok were more often than not locally manufactured in Korea with different colours and adopted into hanbok. The gwanbok,which was used as the uniform of court officials,formed part of the gwanbok system and was used like the suit is nowadays.
This article explains the history of the Joseon dynasty,which ruled Korea from 1392 to 1897.
The Korean state Joseon (1392–1897) sent numerous diplomatic missions to the Chinese states of Ming (1368–1644) and Qing (1636–1912).
The history of Sino-Korean relations dates back to prehistoric times.
The history of education in Korea can be traced back to the Three Kingdoms of Korea,or even back to the prehistoric period. Both private schools and public schools were prominent. Public education was established as early as the 400 AD. Historically,the education has been heavily influenced by Confucianism and Buddhism.
Imperial titles were used in various historical Korean states before the 14th century and at the turn of the 20th century:Early Korean states used "great king","greatest king",and "holy king";later Korean states used "emperor". Korean monarchs who used imperial titles had political and religious authority over a realm or domain. The Chinese concept of tianxia,pronounced "cheonha" in Korean,was variously adopted and adapted to Korean views of the world from period to period.
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