| Aedes pembaensis | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Culicidae |
| Genus: | Aedes |
| Species: | A. pembaensis |
| Binomial name | |
| Aedes pembaensis | |
Aedes pembaensis is a mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae).
Aedes pembaensis is the only representative of the Skusea subgenus on the African mainland, but several closely related species (Aedes lambrechti, cartroni, and moucheti) are present in Madagascar and some islands of the Indian Ocean. [1] Aedes pembaensis is found on the east coast of Africa, as far north as Pate Island, Kenya [2] and as far south as Maputo, Mozambique. [3]
The distribution of these mosquitoes seems to be strongly tied to the coast. Females have been found as far as four miles inland, but appear to be most numerous within one mile of the coast, whereas males are rarely found even one mile from the coast [4]
The larvae of Aedes pembaensis are primarily found in crab holes along the coast. The larvae are able to tolerate high degrees of salinity. [5] Larvae have been found in holes of Sesarma meinerti, Sesarma eulimene, and Cardisoma carnifex . [6] The eggs are laid on the crabs, which then transport the eggs into the holes which are burrowed into the water table. [7] Occasionally larvae are found in other habitats, such as tree holes or pineapple axils. [8]
The adult females feed on a variety of different hosts. Adults feed readily on humans. [4] Parasites of dogs, cats, and donkeys have also been found in female Aedes pembaensis. [9] Females were also shown to feed on lemurs [10] and an anaesthetized monkey. [2]
Females readily enter human habitations. In a survey on Pate Island in Kenya in 1956, 98 percent of mosquitoes collected in houses using a pyrethrum spray catch were Aedes pembaensis. [2]
Though originally thought to be a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti , [11] further testing has shown Aedes pembaensis to be a poor vector. [12] Lumbo virus has been found in the mosquitoes in Mozambique, but this virus does not appear to be pathogenic in humans. [13]
In recent entomological investigations of an outbreak of Rift Valley Fever virus in Kenya (2006-2007), Aedes pembaensis were collected and several were infected with the virus. [14] It is not known if Aedes pembaensis is capable of transmitting Rift Valley Fever virus.
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral disease of humans and livestock that can cause mild to severe symptoms. The mild symptoms may include: fever, muscle pains, and headaches which often last for up to a week. The severe symptoms may include: loss of sight beginning three weeks after the infection, infections of the brain causing severe headaches and confusion, and bleeding together with liver problems which may occur within the first few days. Those who have bleeding have a chance of death as high as 50%.
Aedes albopictus, from the mosquito (Culicidae) family, also known as (Asian) tiger mosquito or forest mosquito, is a mosquito native to the tropical and subtropical areas of Southeast Asia. In the past few decades, however, this species has spread to many countries through the transport of goods and international travel. It is characterized by the white bands on its legs and body.
The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. The complex was recognised in the 1960s and includes the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. It is one of the most efficient malaria vectors known. The An. gambiae mosquito additionally transmits Wuchereria bancrofti which causes Lymphatic philariasis, more commonly known as elephantiasis.
Brugia timori is a filarial (arthropod-borne) nematode (roundworm) which causes the disease "Timor filariasis", or "Timorian filariasis". While this disease was first described in 1965, the identity of Brugia timori as the causative agent was not known until 1977. In that same year, Anopheles barbirostris was shown to be its primary vector. There is no known animal reservoir host.
Mosquito-borne diseases or mosquito-borne illnesses are diseases caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted by mosquitoes. Nearly 700 million people get a mosquito-borne illness each year resulting in over one million deaths.
Ochlerotatus triseriatus, also known by the synonym Aedes triseriatus, is a member of the true fly order. It is called the eastern tree hole mosquito due to its predilection towards breeding in stagnant water that is found in natural holding containers such as tree holes. It is native to the eastern United States and southern Canada and favors hardwood habitats. It has been found as far south as the Florida Keys, as far west as Idaho and Utah, and as far north as Quebec and Ontario. This species has not yet been found in Europe, but it has the potential to spread through international trade. In 2004, it was found in a shipment of tires travelling from Louisiana to France, but it was identified and targeted with insecticides that truncated its spread. It is a known vector of La Crosse encephalitis and canine heartworm disease. In the laboratory, it has been found to vector several other viruses including yellow fever, eastern encephalitis, Venezuelan encephalitis, and western encephalitis. Because of its potential for international spread and its proclivity for transmitting disease, monitoring the distribution of this species is essential.
Culex quinquefasciatus, commonly known as the southern house mosquito, is a medium-sized mosquito found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a vector of Wuchereria bancrofti, avian malaria, and arboviruses including St. Louis encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus. It is taxonomically regarded as a member of the Culex pipiens species complex. Its genome was sequenced in 2010, and was shown to have 18,883 protein-coding genes.
Aedes polynesiensis is only found in the South Pacific on the islands of Austral Islands, Cook Islands, Ellice Islands, Fiji Islands, Hoorn Islands, Marquesas Islands, Pitcairn Island, Samoa Islands, Society Islands, Tokelau Islands, Tuamotu Archipelago. It is a vector of dengue, Ross River virus, and lymphatic filariasis, and a probable vector of Zika virus. Adults lay eggs in natural and human-associated pools of freshwater. Common larval habitats include tree holes, holes in volcanic rock formations, coconut shells, water storage containers (drums), and discarded trash.
Aedes capensis is a species of mosquito primarily found in forests in sub-Saharan Africa.
Pylore Krishnaier Rajagopalan is an Indian vector control scientist, biologist and acarologist, known for his pioneering contributions to the control programmes against vector-borne diseases in India.[1] He is a former director of the Indian Council of Medical Research managed Vector Control Research Centre, Pondicherry.[2][3] He graduated in 1949 from the Banaras Hindu University and obtained a Masters in Zoology with University First Rank there itself in 1951. In 1952 he joined the fledgling Virus Research Centre in Pune, and worked under the supervision of some of the finest vector control specialists such as Dr T Ramachandra Rao. In recognition of his outstanding work as a young research scientist, in 1957 he was awarded a Fellowship by the Rockefeller Foundation to pursue a Master's program in Public Health from the University of California.[4] He went on to secure a Diploma in Acarology from the University of Maryland at College Park.
Aedes africanus is a species of mosquito that is found on the continent of Africa with the exclusion of Madagascar. Aedes aegypti and Aedes africanus are the two main yellow fever vector species in Zambia. Aedes africanus is mainly found in tropical forests not near wetlands.
Aedes hensilli is a mosquito species originally collected in 1945 on Ulithi atoll in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, about 191 km east of Yap State. It is the most abundant and widespread Aedes (Stegomyia) species mosquito in Yap State, the only Aedes (Stegomyia) species on Woleai, and the only species of mosquito present on Eauripik.
Aedes vittatus is a species of mosquito that was first described in 1861 as Culex vittatus from specimens collected on Corsica. In 2000, the species was transferred to the newly erected subgenus Fredwardsius as the type species representing the subgenus.
Aedes cordellieri is a sub-Saharan African species of mosquito suspected of being a vector of yellow fever. The species name honors Dr. Roger Cordellier, a former medical entomologist with Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer (ORSTOM) in Ivory Coast, in recognition of his contributions to the knowledge of the mosquito fauna of Africa.
Culex perfuscus is the only Culex species mosquito currently implicated as a possible vector of Zika virus. The species type was described in 1914 from Port Herald, Nyasaland by entomologist Frederick Wallace Edwards.
Aedes koreicus is a mosquito species originally described from Korea that has been shown to be enzootic to Japan, northeastern China, the Republic of Korea and parts of Russia, but recently found in Belgium, Italy and Germany. Adult Aedes koreicus are relatively large, with areas of white scales on black background, strongly resembling Aedes japonicus, which has also become established outside its native range.
Aedes japonicus, commonly known as the Asian bush mosquito or the Asian rock pool mosquito, was first described by Theobald in 1901 from Tokyo, Japan and has four known subspecies Ae. j. japonicus, Ae. j. shintienensis, Ae. j. yaeyamensis, and Ae. j. amamiensus. They are competent arbovirus vectors known to transmit the West Nile virus as well as Japanese and St. Louis encephalitis. They are listed as an invasive species by the Global Invasive Species Database.
Lutzia fuscana is a mosquito that is predatory in its larval stages. It has been investigated as a possible biological control agent, showing some promise where vector species share limited or specific breeding habitat.
Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis is a species of zoophilic mosquito belonging to the genus Mansonia.
Brugia is a genus for a group of small roundworms. They are among roundworms that cause the parasitic disease filariasis. Specifically, of the three species known, Brugia malayi and Brugia timori cause lymphatic filariasis in humans; and Brugia pahangi and Brugia patei infect domestic cats, dogs and other animals. They are transmitted by the bite of mosquitos.