| Solza Temporal range: Ediacaran, around | |
|---|---|
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| S. margarita | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| (unranked): | |
| Genus: | †Solza Ivantsov, 2004 |
| Type species | |
| †Solza margarita Ivantsov, 2004 | |
| Species | |
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Solza margarita is an extinct animal of uncertain phylogeny which lived about 555 mya in the Ediacaran period. [1]
Fossils of the Solza margarita is found in the Verkhovka and Zimnegory formations on the Solza River and Zimnii Bereg (Winter Coast), White Sea area of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia. [1] [2]
The generic name Solza comes from the Solza river on the Onega Peninsula, White Sea, where the holotype and first specimens were found. The specific name, margarita, derives from the Greek μαργαριτηζ (margarita), meaning "pearl". [2]
Solza was the shape of a low oblique cone with a base, which is egg-like in cross-section. Fossil impressions are covered by the meshwork of grooves, which is wide at the apex of the cone, narrowing and diverging towards the animal's edges. [1] [2] [3]
In the first description it was suggested that the grooves were formed postmortem above cavities inside the body or they covered the body surface during the animal’s life. [2]
Described specimens of Solza range from 7.2–10.5mm in length, and 5.3–8mm wide. Most specimens show slight distortion, but preserve the basic egg-shape, implying that Solza had at least some firmness. [2]
Fossil specimens easily demonstrate that Solza was a benthic, bilaterally symmetric organism: thus, it was likely a motile, mobile animal [1] [2] [3] that adhered to the substrate. [1]
Dickinsonia is a genus of extinct organism that lived during the late Ediacaran period in what is now Australia, China, Russia and Ukraine, most likely a basal animal. It is one of the best known members of the Ediacaran biota. The individual Dickinsonia typically resembles a bilaterally symmetrical ribbed oval. Its affinities are presently unknown; its mode of growth has been considered consistent with a stem-group bilaterian affinity, though various other affinities have been proposed. The discovery of cholesterol molecules in fossils of Dickinsonia lends support to the idea that Dickinsonia was an animal, though these results have been questioned.
Kimberella is an extinct genus of bilaterian known only from rocks of the Ediacaran period. The slug-like organism fed by scratching the microbial surface on which it dwelt in a manner similar to the gastropods, although its affinity with this group is contentious.
Tribrachidium heraldicum is a tri-radially symmetric fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran (Vendian) seas. In life, it was hemispherical in form. T. heraldicum is the best known member of the extinct group Trilobozoa.
Yorgia waggoneri is a discoid Ediacaran organism. It has a low, segmented body consisting of a short wide "head", no appendages, and a long body region, reaching a maximum length of 25 cm (9.8 in). It is classified within the extinct animal phylum Proarticulata.
Cephalonega stepanovi is a fossil organism from Ediacaran deposits of the Arkhangelsk Region, Russia. It was described by Mikhail A. Fedonkin in 1976
Rangea is a frond-like Ediacaran fossil with six-fold radial symmetry. It is the type genus of the rangeomorphs.
Parvancorina is a genus of shield-shaped bilaterally symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran seafloor. It has some superficial similarities with the Cambrian trilobite-like arthropods.
Vendia is a genus of oval-shaped, Ediacaran fossils ranging from 4.5 to 12.5 mm long. The body is completely segmented into isomers, which are arranged alternately in two rows longitudinal to the axis of the body. The larger isomers cover the smaller ones externally but the posterior ends of all the isomers remain free. The transverse elements decrease in size from anterior to posterior and are all inclined in the same direction.
Trilobozoa is a phylum of extinct, sessile animals that were originally classified into the Cnidaria. The basic body plan of trilobozoans is often a tri-radial or radial sphere-shaped form with lobes radiating from its centre. Fossils of trilobozoans are restricted to marine strata of the Late Ediacaran period.
Albumares brunsae is a tri-radially symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran seafloor. It is a member of the extinct group Trilobozoa.
Anfesta stankovskii is a tri-radially symmetrical fossil animal that lived in the late Ediacaran (Vendian) seafloor. It is a member of the extinct group Trilobozoa.
Proarticulata is a proposed phylum of extinct, bilaterally symmetrical animals known from fossils found in the Ediacaran (Vendian) marine deposits, and dates to approximately 567 to 550 million years ago. The name comes from the Greek προ = "before" and Articulata, i.e. prior to animals with true segmentation such as annelids and arthropods. This phylum was established by Mikhail A. Fedonkin in 1985 for such animals as Dickinsonia, Vendia, Cephalonega, Praecambridium and currently many other Proarticulata are described.
Vendiamorpha is a class of extinct animals within the Ediacaran phylum Proarticulata.
Isomer is an element of transverse body articulation of the bilateral fossil animals of the Phylum Proarticulata from the Ediacaran (Vendian) period. This term has been proposed by Andrey Yu. Ivantsov, a Russian paleontologist from the Laboratory of the Precambrian organisms, Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences.
Epibaion is a trace fossil imprint of the Ediacaran animals of the phylum Proarticulata, which became extinct in the Precambrian. Imprints often occurring in chains, that is interpreted as a feeding trace; some chains terminate in a body fossil, allowing their maker to be identified. Several specimens are known; E. waggoneris was produced by Yorgia waggoneri; E. costatus by Dickinsonia costata, and E. axiferus, the type species, has as yet not been found with a trace-maker. It is proposed that the Australian fossil Phyllozoon is also a feeding trace of Proarticulata.
Lossinia lissetskii is a fossil marine organism from Precambrian strata of the White Sea area, in Russia. L. lissetskii is a member of the extinct phylum Proarticulata.
Armillifera parva is a species of Ediacaran proarticulate first described by Mikhail Fedonkin in 1980. Its fossils were discovered in the White Sea area, Arkhangelsk Region, Russia. These fossils of A. parva were restricted to almost the same stratigraphic range as Kimberella, although fossils of both organisms have been rarely found.
Archaeaspinus fedonkini is an extinct proarticulatan organism from the Late Precambrian (Ediacaran) period.
Temnoxa molluscula is a small creature approximately 8 mm wide found in the Ediacaran period in Russia. The Temnoxa has a resemblance to a vertically cut penny bun mushroom. Due to the lack of information regarding the fossils of this organism, researchers are unable to place Temnoxa molluscula into any known phylum. The genus was originally discovered by Russian paleontologist Andrey Yu. Ivantsov in 2004.
Cephalozoa are an extinct class of primitive segmented marine organisms within the Phylum Proarticulata from the Ediacaran period. They possessed bilateral symmetry and were characterized by a thin, rounded body.
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