Steatoda capensis is a spider originating from South Africa. Its common names include the black cobweb spider, brown house spider, cupboard spider and due to its similarities to the katipō spider it is commonly known as the false katipō in New Zealand.[4]
Steatoda capensis is a small spider, usually an all-over shiny black. It may have a small bright red, orange, or yellow patch near the tip of the abdomen along with a crescent shaped band near the front of the abdomen.[7]
Distribution and habitat
Steatoda capensis is native to South Africa but is also found in Australia and New Zealand (where it is especially widespread in the latter).[6] The spiders are synanthropic and frequently live on or in buildings. They also occur in a variety of other habitats such as sand dunes.[7]
Ecology
In New Zealand, Steatoda capensis occurs in sand dunes where the endemic katipō spider also occurs. The two spiders occupy similar niches to one another, but S. capensis can reproduce more quickly. Because of this, it is possible that S. capensis is slowly displacing katipō spiders from their native habitat, which may be a contributing factor in their declining population.[8]
Etymology
The species name of "capensis" refers to Cape Town, which is where the spider originates.[1]
Taxonomy
female
female
male
male
Steatoda capensis was first described in 1904 as Teutana lepida by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge from specimens collected in South Africa.[9] In 1977, T. lepida was moved to the Steatoda genus since Teutana had previously been recognized as a synonym of Steatoda.[10] However, in 1990, it was recognized that there was separate species of spider named Steatoda lepida, so the species that was formerly T. lepida was renamed as Steatoda capensis.[1]
Interactions with humans
Although not severe, S. capensis produce a painful bite when threatened. Bites are predominately inflicted by females, but males also have the potential to bite. Bites from S. capensis can cause steatodism, which can be thought of as a less severe form of latrodectism. Effects of the bite typically include localized pain and redness around the bite, but may also include nausea and headaches.[11] Antivenom typically used for Latrodectus hasselti bites may also be effective on S. capensis bites.[12]
Conservation
Steatoda capensis is listed as Least Concern due to its wide geographical range. The species is well protected in reserves and parks.[13]
Footnotes
1 2 3 Hann, S.W. (1990). "A new combination involving Lithyphantes lepidus Cambridge 1897 and a new name for Teutana lepida Cambridge 1903 (Araneae, Theridiidae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 17 (2): 283. doi:10.1080/03014223.1990.10422604.
↑ Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1904). "Descriptions of some new species and characters of three new genera, of Araneidea from South Africa". Annals of the South African Museum. 3: 143–165.
1 2 Forster, Ray; Forster, Lyn (1999). Spiders Of New Zealand And Their Worldwide Kin. Dunedin: University Of Otago Press. p.180. ISBN978-1-877133-79-4.
↑ Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1904b). Descriptions of some new species and characters of three new genera, of Araneidea from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum3: 143-165.
↑ Benoit, P. L. G. (1977i). Fam. Theridiidae. In: La faune terrestre de l'île de Sainte-Hélène IV. Annales, Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Sciences zoologiques (Zool.-Ser. 8°) 220: 131-152.
↑ Dippenaar-Schoeman, A.S.; Haddad, C.R.; Foord, S.H.; Lotz, L.N. (2021). The Theridiidae of South Africa. Part 2 [R-T]. Version 1. South African National Survey of Arachnida Photo Identification Guide. pp.14–15. doi:10.5281/zenodo.7515998.This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.
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