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The General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon is a single-engine supersonic multirole fighter aircraft originally developed by General Dynamics for the United States Air Force (USAF). Designed as an air superiority day fighter, it evolved into a successful all-weather multirole aircraft. Over 4,600 aircraft have been built since production was approved in 1976. Although no longer being purchased by the U.S. Air Force, improved versions are being built for export customers. In 1993, General Dynamics sold its aircraft manufacturing business to the Lockheed Corporation, which in turn became part of Lockheed Martin after a 1995 merger with Martin Marietta.
The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant and political organization based in the Kurdish regions of Turkey and Iraq. Since 1984 the PKK has been involved in an armed conflict with the Turkish state, with the initial aim of achieving an independent Kurdish state. In March 2016, the PKK joined the Peoples' United Revolutionary Movement, an alliance with the aim of overthrowing what it called the Turkish "fascist" AKP government of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Kurdistan Workers' Party is designated as a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States, the European Union, Australia and Japan.
Turkish Airlines is the national flag carrier airline of Turkey. As of August 2019, it operates scheduled services to 315 destinations in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, making it the largest mainline carrier in the world by number of passenger destinations. The airline serves more destinations non-stop from a single airport than any other airline in the world, and flies to 126 countries, more than any other airline. With an operational fleet of 24 cargo aircraft, the airline's cargo division serves 82 destinations.
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan is a Turkish politician serving as the 12th and current President of Turkey. He previously served as Prime Minister of Turkey from 2003 to 2014 and as Mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. He founded the Justice and Development Party (AKP) in 2001, leading it to election victories in 2002, 2007, and 2011 before standing down upon his election as President in 2014. He later returned to the AKP leadership in 2017 following the constitutional referendum that year. Coming from an Islamist political background and as a self-described conservative democrat, he has promoted socially conservative and populist policies during his administration.
The Aegean dispute is a set of interrelated controversies between Greece and Turkey over sovereignty and related rights in the area of the Aegean Sea. This set of conflicts has had a large effect on Greek-Turkish relations since the 1970s. It has twice led to crises coming close to the outbreak of military hostilities, in 1987 and in early 1996. The issues in the Aegean fall into several categories:
The Turkish Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The Turkish Air Force can trace its origins back to June 1911 when it was founded by the Ottoman Empire, however, the air force as it is known today did not come into existence until 1923 with the creation of the Republic of Turkey.
Mario Gómez García is a German professional footballer who plays as a striker for VfB Stuttgart of the 2. Bundesliga. He represented the Germany national team over a period of 11 years between 2007 and 2018.
Turkey, officially the Republic of Turkey, is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan peninsula in Southeastern Europe. East Thrace, the part of Turkey in Europe, is separated from Anatolia by the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. Istanbul, which straddles Europe and Asia, is the largest city in the country while Ankara is the capital. Turkey is bordered on its northwest by Greece and Bulgaria; north by the Black Sea; northeast by Georgia; east by Armenia, the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan and Iran; southeast by Iraq and Syria; south by the Mediterranean Sea; and west by the Aegean Sea. Approximately 70 to 80 percent of the country's citizens identify as Turkish, while Kurds are the largest minority at anywhere from 15 to 20 percent of the population.
Russia–Turkey relations is the bilateral relationship between Russia and Turkey and their antecedent states. Relations between the two are rather cyclical. From the late 16th until the early 20th centuries, relations between the Ottoman and Russian empires were normally adverse and hostile and the two powers were engaged in numerous Russo-Turkish wars, comprising one of the longest wars in modern history. Russia attempted to extend its influence in the Balkans and gain control of the Bosphorus at the expense of the weaking Ottoman Empire. As a result, the diplomatic history between the two powers was extremely bitter and acrimonious up to World War I. However, in the early 1920s, as a result of the Bolshevik Russian government′s assistance to Turkish revolutionaries during the Turkish War of Independence, the governments' relations warmed. Relations again turned sour at the end of WWII as the Soviet government laid territorial claims and demanded other concessions from Turkey. Turkey joined NATO in 1952 and placed itself within the Western alliance against the Warsaw Pact during the Cold War, when relations between the two countries were at their lowest level. Relations began to improve the following year, when the Soviet Union renounced its territorial claims after the death of Stalin.
SoundCloud is a European online audio distribution platform and music sharing website based in Berlin, Germany that enables its users to upload, promote, and share audio. Started in 2007 by Alexander Ljung and Eric Wahlforss, SoundCloud has grown to be one of the largest music streaming services in the market reaching over 175 million monthly users worldwide. SoundCloud offers both free and paid membership on the platform, available for desktop or mobile device. SoundCloud has influenced the music industry through the success of many artists who have emerged from the music-sharing service. Artists on the platform are able to distribute their work for free that can be accessed by all users. SoundCloud has received support from many investors and other media platforms such as Twitter, although the streaming platform itself has dealt with funding issues and has laid off many employees in order to remain profitable.
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided civil war in Syria fought between the Ba'athist Syrian Arab Republic led by Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, along with domestic and foreign allies, and various domestic and foreign forces opposing both the Syrian government and each other in varying combinations. The war is currently the second deadliest of the 21st century.
This is a broad timeline of the course of major events of the Syrian Civil War. It only includes major territorial changes and attacks and does not include every event.
As Syrian Arab Spring protests turned into an all-out civil war, the 822-kilometre-long (500 mi) Syrian–Turkish border became the scene of minor military clashes between the Turkish army and various factions in the war to the south.
Turkey has been diplomatically and militarily involved in the Syrian Civil War since its outbreak in 2011. Initially condemning the Syrian government at the outbreak of civil unrest in Syria during the spring of 2011, the Turkish government's involvement gradually evolved into military assistance for the Free Syrian Army in July 2011, border clashes in 2012, and direct military interventions in 2016–17, in 2018, and in 2019. The military operations have resulted in the Turkish occupation of northern Syria since August 2016.
In late July 2015, the third phase of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict between various Kurdish insurgent groups and the Turkish government erupted following a failed two and a half year-long peace process, aimed at resolving the long-running conflict.
A Turkish Air Force F-16 fighter jet shot down a Russian Sukhoi Su-24M attack aircraft near the Syria–Turkey border on 24 November 2015. According to Turkey, the aircraft was fired upon while in Turkish airspace because it violated the border up to a depth of 2.19 kilometres for about 17 seconds after being warned to change its heading 10 times over a period of five minutes before entering the airspace. The Russia Defence Ministry denied the aircraft ever left Syrian airspace, counter-claiming that their satellite data showed that the Sukhoi was about 1,000 metres (1,100 yd) inside Syrian airspace when it was shot down. The U.S. State Department said that the U.S. independently confirmed that the aircraft's flight path violated Turkish territory, and that the Turks gave multiple warnings to the pilot, to which they received no response and released audio recordings of the warnings they had broadcast. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan pointed out that Turkey had the right to defend its airspace. Russian president Vladimir Putin said that the U.S. knew the flight path of the Russian jet and should have informed Turkey; two U.S. officials said that Russia did not inform the U.S. military of its jet's flight plan.
The Protector is a Turkish drama fantasy series starring Çağatay Ulusoy and Ayça Ayşin Turan. It was created by Binnur Karaevli and directed by Can Evrenol, Umut Aral and Gönenç Uyanık. The first season consists of 10 episodes and became available for streaming on Netflix on December 14, 2018. The second season consists of 8 episodes and was made available for live streaming on April 26, 2019. On June 10, 2019 the series was renewed for seasons 3 and 4.
The 2019–20 Süper Lig, officially called the Spor Toto Süper Lig Cemil Usta season, is the 62nd season of the Süper Lig, the highest tier football league of Turkey. The season was named after Cemil Usta, a former Turkish national team player and Trabzonspor legend. Galatasaray are the defending champions. On 12 March 2020, The Ministry of Youth and Sports announced matches will be played behind closed doors in the stadiums until the end of April due to the coronavirus pandemic. On 19 March 2020, the league was suspended indefinitely.
The northwestern Syria offensive, codenamed "Dawn of Idlib 2", was a military operation launched by the armed forces of the Syrian Arab Republic, Russia, Iran, Hezbollah and other allied militias against Syrian opposition and allied fighters of the Syrian National Army, Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, Rouse the Believers Operations Room, the Turkistan Islamic Party, and other rebel and Salafi jihadist forces in Idlib and surrounding governorates during the Syrian Civil War. The offensive began on 19 December 2019 and saw Russian-backed pro-government forces clash with Turkish-backed opposition groups along with leaving 980,000 civilians displaced.
The following is a timeline of the Syrian Civil War from January to April 2020. Information about aggregated casualty counts is found at Casualties of the Syrian Civil War.
References
- ↑ "Dünya Down Sendromlular Judo Şampiyonası'nda 2 altın madalya". Cumhuriye (in Turkish). 3 December 2019. Retrieved 3 December 2019.