Tanimachi Line

Osaka Metro Tanimachi Line
Tanimachi Line 30000 series train in April 2015
Overview
Native name	谷町線
Status	Operational
Owner	Osaka Metro (2018–present) Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau (1967–2018)
Line number	2
Locale	Osaka
Termini	Dainichi Yaominami
Stations	26
Color on map	Tyrian purple (#522886)
Service
Type	Rapid transit
System	Osaka Metro
Depot(s)	Dainichi, Yao
Rolling stock	22 series, 30000 series
History
Opened	24 March 1967;56 years ago (24 March 1967)
Technical
Line length	28.1 km (17.5 mi)
Track length	28.3 km (17.6 mi)
Number of tracks	Double-track
Track gauge	1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) standard gauge
Electrification	750 V DC (third rail)
Operating speed	70 km/h (43 mph)
Signalling	Automatic closing block
Train protection system	WS-ATC
Route map

Route map
Legend
Upper numbers are actual distance, lower are fare distance Osaka Monorail Main Line 0.0 T11 Dainichi Dainichi Depot 1.8 T12 Moriguchi Imazatosuji Line 3.0 T13 Taishibashi-Imaichi I14 4.0 T14 Senbayashi-Ōmiya 5.1 T15 Sekime-Takadono 5.9 T16 Noe-Uchindai 7.2 T17 Miyakojima 8.5 T18 Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme K11 ←Hankyu Senri Line Sakaisuji Line Hanshin Kita-Osaka Line 9.3 T19 Nakazakichō Osaka (Osaka Loop Line) 10.3 T20 Higashi-Umeda (connections below) JR Tōzai Line Sakaisuji Line 11.5 T21 Minami-morimachi K13 L： Osaka-Tenmangū Keihan Nakanoshima Line old Yodo River Keihan Main Line 13.1 13.3 T22 Temmabashi 13.8 14.2 T23 Tanimachi Yonchōme C18 Chūō Line Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line 14.6 15.2 T24 Tanimachi Rokuchōme N18 15.5 16.1 T25 Tanimachi Kyūchōme S18 Sennichimae Line ←Kintetsu Namba Line / Osaka Line→ Osaka Uehommachi 16.5 16.9 T26 Shitennōji-mae Yūhigaoka Osaka Loop Line 17.6 17.8 T27 Tennōji (M23) Kansai Main Line (Yamatoji Line) Nankai: Tennoji Line Midōsuji Line Osaka Abenobashi Minami Osaka Line→ Tennōji-ekimae Hanwa Line 18.2 18.4 T28 Abeno Nankai Hirano Line Hankai Uemachi Line Midōsuji Line 19.3 19.5 T29 Fuminosato Hanwa Line 20.3 20.5 T30 Tanabe Kintetsu: Minami-Osaka Line 21.3 21.5 T31 Komagawa-Nakano Hirano (Nankai) 23.0 23.2 T32 Hirano 24.4 24.6 T33 Kire-Uriwari Kansai Line Branch (Hanwa Freight Line) 25.7 25.9 T34 Deto 26.9 27.1 T35 Nagahara 28.1 28.3 T36 Yaominami Yao Depot

Connecting lines around Umeda
Legend
1: Yotsubashi Line (planned extension) 2: Osaka Metro： Midōsuji Line 3: Hankyu: Kobe/Takarazuka/Kyoto Main Line 1 2 3 4 4: JR-W： Tōkaidō Main Line (JR Kyoto Line) JR-W： Tōkaidō Main Line (JR Kobe/Takarazuka Line) Umeda (Hankyu) Osaka / JR-W： Osaka Loop Line Umeda (M16) / Subway Tanimachi Line Hanshin： Hanshin Main Line / Umeda (Hanshin) Higashi-Umeda (T20) (Y11) Nishi-Umeda / Subway Tanimachi Line Kitashinchi / JR-W： JR Tōzai Line Subway Yotsubashi Line

The Osaka Metro Tanimachi Line (谷町線, Tanimachi-sen) is a rapid transit line of Osaka Metro, running from Dainichi Station in Moriguchi to Yaominami Station in Yao through Osaka. Despite chronologically being the system's fourth line, its official name is Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 2 (高速電気軌道第2号線), while the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau refers to it as Osaka City Rapid Railway Line No. 2 (大阪市高速鉄道第2号線), and in MLIT publications, it is written as Line No. 2 (Tanimachi Line) (2号線（谷町線）). On line maps, stations on the Tanimachi Line are indicated with the letter T.

The central part of the line runs underneath Tanimachi-suji, a broad north–south thoroughfare lined with prefectural government buildings and Buddhist temples. Its only above-ground segment is the vicinity of Yaominami Station. The line color on maps, station signs and train livery is royal purple (京紫, kyō-murasaki), derived from the kasaya robes worn by Buddhist monks.

Overview

As noted above, the Tanimachi Line is officially "Line No. 2", but it was actually the fourth to open, after Line No. 3 (the Yotsubashi Line) during World War II and Line No. 4 (the Chūō Line) in the early 1960s. The line was opened gradually from the late 1960s to the early 1980s.

Ridership, though less than half the numbers of the busiest Midōsuji Line, is still the second-highest of all lines in the Osaka subway network, thanks to the large number of government buildings in eastern Chūō-ku and schools around Tennōji (total ridership for fiscal year 2009 was approximately 480,000 per day). ^[1] It is likely because of this also the second-most profitable subway line in Osaka (total profit for FY 2009 was ¥7.3 billion — a 9.4% increase over the previous year). ^[1]

The Tanimachi Line has the longest operating distance (for the purpose of fare calculation) in the Osaka subway network, after the Midōsuji Line (although the latter would be the longest in the Osaka subway network if the Kita-Osaka Kyūkō Railway section of the Midōsuji Line was taken into account). It runs completely underground from Dainichi to just before Yaominami, and was known as the longest continuously underground subway line in Japan for a long time after the opening of Yaominami Station (it was also among the longest subway tunnels in the world at the time of its opening). ^[2] Now, it is fourth in Japan after the Toei Ōedo Line (entire line, 40.7 km or 25.3 mi), Saitama Rapid Railway Line/Tokyo Metro Namboku Line/Tōkyū Meguro Line (Urawa-Misono – Fudō-mae via Akabane-Iwabuchi and Meguro, 36.9 km or 22.9 mi), and Nagoya Municipal Subway Meijō Line/Meikō Line (entire line, 32.4 km or 20.1 mi).

If one considers Higashi-Umeda, Umeda, and Nishi-Umeda stations as the same station (as they are for the purpose of transfers within 30 minutes), the Tanimachi Line has connections to all other subway lines in Osaka. (By comparison, the Chūō Line is the only subway line in Osaka that connects to all other subway lines, as well as the Nankō Port Town Line.)

Line data

• Above-ground section: vicinity of Yaominami
• Blocking system: Automatic
• Train protection system: WS-ATC
• Cars per train: 6 (1976–present)
• Maximum possible cars per train (platform length): 8

For the purposes of fare calculation, the Higashi-Umeda–Tennōji segment is adjusted to the same length as Umeda–Tennōji on the Midōsuji Line.

Stations

No.	Name [3]	Japanese	Distance (km)	Transfers	Location
T 11	Dainichi	大日	0.0	Osaka Monorail Main Line	Moriguchi
T 12	Moriguchi	守口	1.8
T 13	Taishibashi-Imaichi	太子橋今市	3.0	Imazatosuji Line (I14)	Asahi-ku, Osaka
T 14	Sembayashi-Omiya	千林大宮	4.0
T 15	Sekime-Takadono	関目高殿	5.1
T 16	Noe-Uchindai	野江内代	5.9	Keihan Main Line (Noe) F Osaka Higashi Line (JR-Noe)	Miyakojima-ku, Osaka
T 17	Miyakojima	都島	7.2
T 18	Tenjimbashisuji Rokuchōme	天神橋筋六丁目	8.5	Sakaisuji Line Hankyu Senri Line (K11)	Kita-ku, Osaka
T 19	Nakazakichō	中崎町	9.3
T 20	Higashi-Umeda	東梅田	10.3	Midōsuji Line (M16) Yotsubashi Line (Y11) A JR Kyōto Line (Tōkaidō Main Line) A JR Kōbe Line (Tōkaidō Main Line) G JR Takarazuka Line (Tōkaidō Main Line) O Osaka Loop Line – (Ōsaka) F Osaka Loop Line – (Ōsaka) H JR Tōzai Line – (Kitashinchi) Hankyu Kobe Line Hankyu Kyoto Line Hankyu Takarazuka Line) Hanshin Main Line
T 21	Minami-morimachi	南森町	11.5	Sakaisuji Line (K13)
T 22	Temmabashi	天満橋	13.1	Keihan Main Line Keihan Nakanoshima Line	Chūō-ku, Osaka
T 23	Tanimachi Yonchōme	谷町四丁目	13.8	Chūō Line (C18)
T 24	Tanimachi Rokuchome	谷町六丁目	14.6	Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line (N18)
T 25	Tanimachi Kyūchōme	谷町九丁目	15.5	Sennichimae Line (S18) D Osaka Line A Kintetsu Namba Line A Kintetsu-Nara Line – (Ōsaka Uehommachi)	Tennōji-ku, Osaka
T 26	Shitennōji-mae Yūhigaoka	四天王寺前夕陽ヶ丘	16.5
T 27	Tennōji	天王寺	17.6	Midōsuji Line (M23) Q Yamatoji Line ( V Kansai Line) O Osaka Loop Line R Hanwa Line F Minami Osaka Line – (Ōsaka Abenobashi) Hankai Uemachi Line
T 28	Abeno	阿倍野	18.2	Hankai Uemachi Line	Abeno-ku, Osaka
T 29	Fuminosato	文の里	19.3
T 30	Tanabe	田辺	20.3		Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka
T 31	Komagawa-Nakano	駒川中野	21.3
T 32	Hirano	平野	23.0		Hirano-ku, Osaka
T 33	Kire-Uriwari	喜連瓜破	24.4
T 34	Deto	出戸	25.7
T 35	Nagahara	長原	26.9
T 36	Yaominami	八尾南	28.1		Yao

Stopping patterns

All trains stop at every station along their route. During the day, trains alternate between Dainichi and Yaominami, and between Miyakojima and Fuminosato, with additional trains starting or terminating at Kire-Uriwari during rush hour. As the line is quite long and goes through the center of Osaka, express service was planned, but never implemented.^{[ citation needed ]}

Since 1976, all trains have had 6 cars. Platforms are long enough to accommodate 8-car trainsets; the unused portions are fenced.

Women-only cars

Women-only cars were introduced on the line from 15 December 2003. There is one such designated car in each train (Car No. 3), the use of which is restricted on weekdays from the first train until 9 a.m. The women-only restriction is lifted after 9 a.m.

Women-only car
←Yaominami	Dainichi→
1 2 3 4 5 6

Rolling stock

• 22 series 6-car EMUs (since 1990)
• 30000 series 6-car EMUs (since 2009)

Train maintenance and inspection is carried out by the same group in charge of Chūō Line trains, at the Morinomiya depot and workshop, accessible through a spur located before Tanimachi Rokuchōme Station on the Tanimachi Line and after Tanimachi Yonchōme Station on the Chūō Line (the Dainichi and Yao depots are used mainly to store off-service trains). In 2006, in preparation for the opening of the Kintetsu Keihanna Line extension of the Chūō Line (then known as the Higashi-Osaka Line), nine 20-series trainsets of the Tanimachi Line were exchanged for nine 22-series trainsets (converted from 24-series trains) from the Chūō Line.

• 
  22 series trainset (Tanimachi Line 22–50 series)
• 
  30000 series trainset

Former

• 50 series (1969–1991)
  • 5700 series (1980–1991)
  • 5800 series (1978–1991)
  • 5900 series (1978–1991)
• 10 series (1974–1976) (subsequently transferred to the Midōsuji Line)
• 20 series (1989–2006) (transferred to the Chūō Line)
• 30 series (1967–2013)

• 
  30 series trainset

History

Construction

According to the original plan laid out for the Tanimachi Line in 1927, it was to follow Matsuyamachi-suji (to the west of Tanimachi-suji). It was also intended to interface directly with the Midōsuji Line directly at Umeda, similar to the cross-platform interchange between the Yotsubashi Line and the Midōsuji Line at Daikokuchō. A second tunnel was dug at Umeda for this purpose, but the connection southwards was plagued by collapses and other accidents; as a result, the planned route was changed to the current one, stopping at Higashi-Umeda and then veering eastward. The tunnel at Umeda reserved for the Tanimachi Line ("Matsuyamachi Line") went unused for decades before finally being adapted for the southbound track of the Midōsuji Line in 1989, allowing for expanded platforms to cope with overcrowding.

Over the course of tunnel construction for the line, the underground waterways in Osaka were greatly altered, causing a number of incidents in which famous wells dried up.

In 1970, during the construction of the underground Tenjimbashi Rokuchōme Station, there was a large gas explosion which caused a number of workers' deaths. This became known as the "Ten-Roku Gas Explosion Accident" in Japan.

Successor to the Nankai Hirano Line

Compared to the majority of areas served by the subway, where it runs underneath major roadways with high levels of traffic, part of the Tanimachi Line runs underneath relatively narrow streets with fewer cars, near residential areas. This is because the Abeno–Hirano section of the line was constructed as the successor in passenger transport to the same section of the Nankai Hirano Line, a tramway which ran aboveground between Imaike and Hirano, following the route of the Tanimachi Line from Abeno eastward. While it belongs to a different operator, this section of the Tanimachi Line is essentially the old streetcar line converted to an underground rapid-transit service.

The names of stations within this section reflect the station names of the Hirano Line:

Station	Replaced by	Note
Imaike		Station still exists on the Hankai Tramway Hankai Line; Hirano Line branched off just south of the station
Tobita		Located at the southwest edge of Tobita Shinchi, next to the wall of the former pleasure district
Abeno (Saijō-mae)	Abeno	Located perpendicular to Uemachi Line Abeno Station; a spur east of the station allowed through service between Tennōji-ekimae and Hirano
Nawashiroda
Fuminosato	Fuminosato	Subway station shifted northwest towards Nawashiroda; Hirano Line station was located at the entrance to Fuminosato shopping arcade
Momogaike		Located next to Momogaike park, where the JR Hanwa Line crosses over the Tanimachi Line
Tanabe	Tanabe	Subway station shifted 200 m (656 ft) northwest towards Momogaike
Komagawa-chō	Komagawa-Nakano	Located near Komagawa-ekimae Shopping Street
Nakano		Located roughly where Imazato-suji crosses the Tanimachi Line
Nishi-Hirano	Hirano	Located north of Hirano Ward office; former station site landscaped and maintained as "Setoguchi Park"
Hirano		Located east of Osaka Inner Loop Road, near the southwest edge of historical Hirano Village; small park and monument in former location

Timeline

• 24 March 1967: Opening of the Higashi-Umeda – Tanimachi Yonchōme section as Osaka Subway Line 2. ^[4] Trains started running in 2-car formation.
• October, 1967: Automatic train operation (ATO) trialled on Line 2, trials ended in February 1968.
• 17 December 1968: Opening of the Tanimachi Yōnchōme – Tennōji section. Trains started running in 4-car formation.
• 6 December 1969: Officially adopted the name Tanimachi Line.
• 8 April 1970: The "Ten-Roku Gas Explosion Accident" occurs during the construction of the underground Tenjimbashi Rokuchōme Station at 17:45 JST, leading to 79 deaths and 420 injuries.
• 29 May 1974: Opening of the Higashi-Umeda – Miyakojima section. 10 series EMUs began operation (later transferred to Midōsuji Line in February 1976).
• 25–31 October 1976: Trains started running in 6-car formation.
• 6 April 1977: Opening of the Miyakojima – Moriguchi section.
• 27 November 1980: Opening of the Tennōji – Yaominami section.
• 8 February 1983: Opening of the Moriguchi – Dainichi section.
• May 1989: 20 series EMUs began operation (transferred to the Chūō Line in 2006)
• April 1990: 22 series EMUs began operation, replacing the 50 series.
• 18 March 2009: 30000 series EMUs began operation. ^[5]

References

1. "Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau: Current Account Balance by Line" (PDF).
2. The 1979 to 1981 Japanese editions of the Guinness Book of World Records (published by Kodansha) listed as the "World's Longest Subway Tunnel" Morden – East Finchley via Bank (27.8km) on the Northern line of the London Underground, while the 1982 edition honored Belyayevo – Medvedkovo (30.km, opened 1978) on the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya Line of the Moscow Metro.
3. 谷町線. Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau. Retrieved 5 August 2014.
4. "公営地下鉄在籍車数ビッグ３ 大阪市交通局" [One of the big three public subway operators: Osaka Municipal Subway]. Japan Railfan Magazine . Vol. 49, no. 576. April 2009. pp. 88–99.
5. 大阪市交通局30000系，営業運転を開始 [Osaka Municipal Subway 30000 series enters revenue service]. Japan Railfan Magazine Online (in Japanese). Japan: Koyusha Co., Ltd. 18 March 2009. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.