Tarvisio | |
---|---|
Città di Tarvisio | |
Main square with Sts. Peter and Paul Church | |
Coordinates: 46°30′18″N13°34′42″E / 46.50500°N 13.57833°E | |
Country | Italy |
Region | Friuli-Venezia Giulia |
Province | Udine (UD) |
Frazioni | Tarvisio Centrale, Camporosso in Valcanale, Cave del Predil, Coccau, Fusine in Valromana, Monte Lussari, Muda, Plezzut, Poscolle, Rutte, Sant'Antonio |
Government | |
• Mayor | Renzo Zanette |
Area | |
• Total | 205 km2 (79 sq mi) |
Elevation | 754 m (2,474 ft) |
Population (2007) [2] | |
• Total | 4,962 |
• Density | 24/km2 (63/sq mi) |
Demonym | Tarvisiani |
Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
Postal code | 33018 |
Dialing code | 0428 |
ISTAT code | 030117 |
Patron saint | Saint Peter and Saint Paul |
Saint day | June 29 |
Website | Official website |
Tarvisio (German and Friulian : Tarvis; Slovene : Trbiž) is a comune (municipality) in the Regional Decentralization Entity of Udine, in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of Italy.
The town is in the Canal Valley (Val Canale) between the Carnic Alps and Karawanks ranges in the north and the Julian Alps in the south. Located at the border with both Austria and Slovenia, Tarvisio and its neighbouring municipalities of Arnoldstein and Kranjska Gora form the tripoint of Romance, Germanic and Slavic Europe. The height west of the town centre marks the watershed between the Slizza creek, a tributary of the Gail River which is part of the Danube basin and the Fella River, a tributary of the Tagliamento discharging into the Adriatic Sea. Tarvisio together with the rest of the Canal Valley was part of Austria until 1919.[ citation needed ]
Tarvisio has access to the A23 Alpe-Adria autostrada, part of the European route E55, running from the Austrian A2 Süd Autobahn to Udine, and the A4 autostrada at Palmanova. The Tarvisio railway station is located at the new Pontebbana line from Villach to Udine opened in 2000, that replaced the tracks of the former Austro-Hungarian k.k. Staatsbahn built in 1879.
Despite the modest elevation, the city has a continental climate with cold winters (lowest recorded temperature is −23 °C (−9 °F) in January 1985). Summers can be very hot (highest recorded temperature of 37 °C (99 °F) in July 1983).
Climate data for Tarvisio (1991–2020, extremes 1953–present) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 22.7 (72.9) | 25.8 (78.4) | 30.2 (86.4) | 34.0 (93.2) | 37.2 (99.0) | 35.2 (95.4) | 29.8 (85.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 21.0 (69.8) | 14.4 (57.9) | 37.2 (99.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) | 4.5 (40.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 13.6 (56.5) | 18.4 (65.1) | 22.4 (72.3) | 24.5 (76.1) | 24.2 (75.6) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 7.1 (44.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 13.5 (56.3) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | 0.4 (32.7) | 4.2 (39.6) | 8.3 (46.9) | 12.9 (55.2) | 16.7 (62.1) | 18.3 (64.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 13.9 (57.0) | 9.4 (48.9) | 4.1 (39.4) | −0.6 (30.9) | 8.7 (47.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.3 (24.3) | −3.7 (25.3) | −0.5 (31.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.9 (51.6) | 12.3 (54.1) | 12.4 (54.3) | 8.7 (47.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 1.2 (34.2) | −3.6 (25.5) | 4.1 (39.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −23.2 (−9.8) | −22.4 (−8.3) | −20.5 (−4.9) | −10.8 (12.6) | −6.2 (20.8) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.4 (36.3) | 1.8 (35.2) | −2.6 (27.3) | −7.1 (19.2) | −15.4 (4.3) | −18.9 (−2.0) | −23.2 (−9.8) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 53.7 (2.11) | 61.5 (2.42) | 68.8 (2.71) | 89.5 (3.52) | 110.3 (4.34) | 120.7 (4.75) | 137.3 (5.41) | 145.7 (5.74) | 144.0 (5.67) | 153.8 (6.06) | 143.7 (5.66) | 87.8 (3.46) | 1,316.7 (51.84) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.5 | 5.4 | 5.9 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 10.8 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 100.5 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 81.3 | 76.2 | 72.8 | 72.3 | 72.7 | 73.2 | 73.1 | 74.6 | 77.4 | 80.4 | 83.9 | 84.2 | 76.8 |
Average dew point °C (°F) | −3.5 (25.7) | −3.3 (26.1) | −0.5 (31.1) | 3.1 (37.6) | 7.9 (46.2) | 12.0 (53.6) | 13.6 (56.5) | 14.1 (57.4) | 10.6 (51.1) | 6.7 (44.1) | 1.9 (35.4) | −2.4 (27.7) | 5.0 (41.0) |
Source 1: NOAA [3] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Servizio Meteorologico [4] [5] |
As a former component of the Austrian Empire, until 1918, the town, as was the rest of the Canal Valley, was overwhelmingly German- and Slovenian-speaking. Today the municipality speaks mostly Italian; German-speakers and Slovenes make up a small minority. In 1983 the town registered 84% Italian-speakers, 9% German-speakers and 7% Slovene-speakers. In 2012, the mayor put up multilingual signs in four languages, Italian, German, Slovene, and the regional minority language of Friulian, saying "the inhabitants deserve to use their mother tongues freely."
The comune of Tarvisio includes the following frazioni (fractional parishes):
As a place upon ancient trade routes across the Alps to Venice, Tarvisio's roots date back to Roman times. In 1007 Emperor Henry II vested the newly created Diocese of Bamberg with the Carinthian Canal Valley down to Pontebba, a region which had considerable importance because of nearby ore mines and ironworks, especially around the village of Fusine in Valromana (Weißenfels/Bela Peč/Fusinis). Tarvisio remained a southern exclave of the Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg, until in 1758 the bishop finally sold Tarvisio to the Habsburg Empress Maria Theresa of Austria. Until 1918 it was part of the Duchy of Carinthia, it received town privileges in 1909.
Tarvisio features include the parish church Saints Peter and Paul, built in the 15th century, as well as sceneries like the Fusine laghi mountain lakes. At the summit of the 1,789-metre (5,869 ft) Mount Lussari (Italian : Monte Lussari, German : Luschariberg, Slovene : Svete Višarje) is a pilgrimage church, where according to legend in 1360 a shepherd discovered a statue of Virgin Mary. The church and the nearby ski centre can be reached by cable car from Malborghetto Valbruna (German : Malborgeth-Wolfsbach, Slovene : Naborjet-Ovčja ves). The area around the Sella Nevea mountain pass between Tarvisio and Chiusaforte is also a popular ski resort.
For decades, Tarvisio benefited economically from people coming from Austria and Yugoslavia for shopping trips. However, trade at the notorious "Rag Market" diminished after the implementation of Schengen Agreement and the establishment of the Eurozone. Today, tourism and winter sports in the Karawanks, the Carnic Alps, and the Julian Alps have become important industries. Tarvisio is known for its heavy alpine snow, which attracts many tourists for skiing and snowboarding, especially school groups. It was host to the 2003 Winter Universiade and the Women's 2007 Alpine Skiing World Cup.
People who were born or lived in Tarvisio include:
Udine is a city and comune (municipality) in northeastern Italy, in the middle of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region, between the Adriatic Sea and the Carnic Alps. It is the capital of the Regional decentralization entity of Udine. Its population was 100,514 in 2012, 176,000 with the urban area.
Friuli-Venezia Giulia is one of the 20 regions of Italy and one of five autonomous regions with special statute. The regional capital is Trieste on the Gulf of Trieste, a bay of the Adriatic Sea.
Friuli is a historical region of northeast Italy. The region is marked by its separate regional and ethnic identity predominantly tied to the Friulians, who speak the Friulian language. It comprises the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the administrative provinces of Udine, Pordenone, and Gorizia, excluding Trieste.
The Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps in Austria and northeastern Italy. They are within Austrian East Tyrol and Carinthia, and Italian Friuli and marginally in Veneto.
The Julian March, also called Julian Venetia, is an area of southern Central Europe which is currently divided among Croatia, Italy, and Slovenia. The term was coined in 1863 by the Italian linguist Graziadio Isaia Ascoli, a native of the area, to demonstrate that the Austrian Littoral, Veneto, Friuli, and Trentino shared a common Italian linguistic identity. Ascoli emphasized the Augustan partition of Roman Italy at the beginning of the Empire, when Venetia et Histria was Regio X.
The Duchy of Carniola was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire, established under Habsburg rule on the territory of the former East Frankish March of Carniola in 1364. A hereditary land of the Habsburg monarchy, it became a constituent land of the Austrian Empire in 1804 and part of the Kingdom of Illyria until 1849. A separate crown land from 1849, it was incorporated into the Cisleithanian territories of Austria-Hungary from 1867 until the state's dissolution in 1918. Its capital was German: Laibach, today Ljubljana.
The Slovene Littoral, or simply Littoral, is one of the traditional regions of Slovenia. The littoral in its name – for a coastal-adjacent area – recalls the former Austrian Littoral, the Habsburg possessions on the upper Adriatic coast, of which the Slovene Littoral was part. Today, the Littoral is often associated with the Slovenian ethnic territory that, in the first half of the 20th century, found itself in Italy to the west of the Rapallo Border, which separated a quarter of Slovenes from the rest of the nation, and was strongly influenced by Italian fascism.
Sella Nevea, at an altitude of 1,195 m (3,921 ft), is a high mountain pass in the Julian Alps, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeast Italy. Sella Nevea also lends its name to a frazione of the Chiusaforte municipality and the nearby Kanin-Sella Nevea Ski Resort.
Chiusaforte is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Malborghetto Valbruna is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in Friuli-Venezia Giulia, north-east Italy.
Moggio Udinese is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Pontebba is a comune (municipality) in the Regional decentralization entity of Udine in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
The Predil Pass or Predel Pass is a high mountain pass on the border between Italy and Slovenia.
Rateče is a village in the Municipality of Kranjska Gora, in the far northwest corner of Slovenia. It is located in the upper part of the Upper Sava Valley, between the Sava Dolinka and Ziljica rivers, a tributary of the Drava. Further up the valley is the Rateče border crossing to Italy. Rateče is the closest Slovenian village to the summit of Mount Peč, the point where the borders of Austria, Italy, and Slovenia meet.
Arnoldstein is a market town in the district of Villach-Land in the Austrian state of Carinthia.
Carnia is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli. Its 27 municipalities all belong to the province of Udine, which itself is part of the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region.
Lake Predil is a lake near Cave del Predil, part of the Tarvisio municipality in the Province of Udine, in the Italian region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia.
Cave del Predil is a frazione subdivision of the comune of Tarvisio in the Province of Udine, in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy.
The Italian Julian Alps are a mountain range that is part of the Italian Alps that extends from Italy to Slovenia.
Fusine in Valromana is a frazione of the comune of Tarvisio in the Province of Udine, in the autonomous Friuli-Venezia Giulia region of northeastern Italy.