Thomas Raikes | |
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Born | 28 March 1741 Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England |
Died | 29 December 1813 72) Stanwell House, Middlesex | (aged
Occupation(s) | Businessman Banker Newspaper owner |
Spouse | Charlotte Finch (m. 1774) |
Children | 9 |
Relatives | Henry Raikes (son) Thomas Raikes (son) Robert Raikes (brother) William Raikes (brother) |
Thomas Raikes ("the Elder") (28 March 1741 – 29 December 1813) was a British merchant particularly trading from London with Russia, [1] a banker and newspaper proprietor. Notably, he was Governor of the Bank of England during the 1797 currency crisis, when the Bank was prohibited by the British Government from paying out in gold.
Raikes was born at Gloucester in 1741, third son of Robert Raikes the Elder and Mary Drew. His brothers included Robert Raikes, the founder and promoter of Sunday schools, and William Raikes, a director of the South Sea Company.
Raikes was Governor of the Bank of England from 1797 to 1799, during the crisis of 1797 when war had so diminished gold reserves that the Government prohibited the Bank from paying out in gold and ordered the use of banknotes instead.
Thomas Raikes was a personal friend of Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger, and of William Wilberforce, the leader of the campaign against the slave trade.
Raikes died at Stanwell House, Middlesex 29 December 1813.
On 8 December 1774 at St George's, Bloomsbury, London, Raikes married Charlotte, illegitimate daughter of Hon. Henry Finch, and granddaughter of Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham. [2] With Charlotte he had four sons and five daughters. Their eldest son Thomas became a noted London diarist; another son, Henry, became a churchman, eventually Chancellor of the Diocese of Chester. One of their daughters, Georgiana (d. 2 December 1861), married Lord William FitzRoy, son of 3rd Duke of Grafton.
Robert Raikes was an English philanthropist and Anglican layman. He was educated at The Crypt School in Gloucester. He was noted for his promotion of Sunday schools.
Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, 7th Earl of Winchilsea PC was an English Tory politician and peer who supported the Hanoverian Succession in 1714. Known as Lord Nottingham until 1729, then as Lord Winchilsea.
Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea and 3rd Earl of Nottingham, , of Burley House near Oakham in Rutland and of Eastwell Park near Ashford in Kent, was a British peer and politician.
William Power Keating Trench, 1st Earl of Clancarty was an Irish aristocrat and politician and later United Kingdom statesman at the time of the Act of Union. His family, through his son Richard, became prominent and hereditary members of the Netherlands' nobility.
Robert Raikes the Elder was a British printer and newspaper proprietor. He is noted as a pioneer of the press who was instrumental in bringing printing out of London and to the provinces.
Henry Raikes (1782–1854) was an English cleric, chancellor of the diocese of Chester from 1830 to 1854.
Robert Raikes Esq., was an English banker, originally from London, that later established a bank in Kingston upon Hull. After 1805 he lived at Welton House in Welton, East Riding of Yorkshire, where in 1818 he had built a family mausoleum in park land to the north. He was the son of William Raikes, who had built a mausoleum in the Churchyard of St Mary, Woodford, London.
The Venerable Francis Wrangham was the Archdeacon of the East Riding. He was a noted author, translator, book collector and abolitionist.
General Robert Napier Raikes joined the British Indian Army aged 16 in 1829. He first returned home to England "on furlough" 35 years later. Aged 76 in 1889, he became General of the Remount, responsible for the provision of horses throughout the British Indian Army.
Cyril Probyn Napier Raikes (1875–1963) was a British Army officer who was awarded the Military Cross in the World War I Mesopotamian campaign flying in the British army's Royal Engineers monitoring the oil pipelines there. He had previously fought in the Boer War.
Please see separate page for Raikes of the United States of America
Raikes Currie was Member of Parliament (MP) for Northampton from 1837 to 1857. He was a partner of the bank Curries & Co., which became part of Glyn, Mills & Co. in 1864, along with his father, Isaac Currie, in Cornhill, City of London, and had several interests in the newly developing colony of South Australia. He restored Minley Manor and made substantial improvements to the estate, work which was continued by his son and grandson.
Joseph Phillimore (1775–1855) was an English civil lawyer and politician, Regius Professor of Civil Law at Oxford from 1809.
Charlotte, Lady Williams-Wynn, was a British aristocrat.
John Rolle (1679–1730) of Stevenstone and Bicton in Devon, was a British landowner and Tory politician who sat in the English House of Commons from 1703 to 1705 and in the British House of Commons from 1710 to 1730. He declined the offer of an earldom by Queen Anne, but 18 years after his death his eldest son was raised to the peerage in 1748 by King George II as Baron Rolle.
A statue of Robert Raikes, often regarded as being the founder of Sunday schools, executed by the sculptor Thomas Brock, stands in Victoria Embankment Gardens, London, United Kingdom. It was unveiled by the Earl of Shaftesbury on 3 July 1880 and marked the centenary of the opening of the first Sunday school. The critic Edmund Gosse considered the statue to be "as good as anything of the kind we possess in England". In 1958 it was designated a Grade II-listed building.
Anne Finch, Countess of Winchilsea and Nottingham, formerly Anne Hatton, was daughter of 1st Viscount Hatton and the second wife of Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, and the mother of Daniel Finch, 8th Earl of Winchilsea. Lady Nottingham was appointed the Lady of the Bedchamber to Mary II of England in 1691, and served in that position until the Queen's death in 1694.
William Dicey (1690-1756) was an English newspaper proprietor, publisher of street literature, printseller and patent medicine seller, in Northampton and later in London. He was also the co-founder and proprietor of the Northampton Mercury newspaper from its establishment in 1720 until his death in November 1756. He also built up a huge distribution network in England for patent medicines.
Robert MacDonald (1813–1893) was a Scottish minister of the Free Church of Scotland who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1882/83.
Susanna Mary Paull (1812–1888) was a British author and translator who published under the name Mrs. H. B. Paull. She is known for her English translations of the fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm and Hans Christian Andersen and the book Swiss Family Robinson.