Thomas Richard Fraser

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Thomas Fraser
Thomas Richard Fraser.jpg
A photograph of Fraser by Andrew Swan Watson
Born(1841-02-05)5 February 1841
Died4 January 1920(1920-01-04) (aged 78)
Alma mater University of Edinburgh
Awards Keith Medal (1891-93)
Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh (1897)
Scientific career
Fields pharmacology
Fraser in middle age Thomas Fraser.png
Fraser in middle age
13 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh 13 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh.jpg
13 Drumsheugh Gardens, Edinburgh
The grave of Thomas Richard Fraser, Dean Cemetery The grave of Thomas Richard Fraser, Dean Cemetery.jpg
The grave of Thomas Richard Fraser, Dean Cemetery

Sir Thomas Richard Fraser FRS FRSE (5 February 1841 – 4 January 1920) was a British physician and pharmacologist. [1] [2] [3] Together with Alexander Crum Brown he discovered the relationship between physiological activity and chemical constitution of the body.

Contents

Life

He was born in Calcutta in India on 5 February 1841, the second son of Mary Palmer and John Richard Fraser, Indian civil servant. [4]

Fraser attended the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated with an MD [5] and gold medal in 1862. His award-winning thesis was based on the positive medical applications of physostigmine. This had been discovered by Sir Robert Christison in 1846 but its suggested uses were largely as a humane killing mechanism rather than as a medical tool. [6]

In 1869, Fraser was a medical assistant professor at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. In 1877, he was a member of an Arctic expedition and later in 1877 was appointed professor of medicine at the University of Edinburgh, serving until 1918. In 1880 he was nominated Dean of the Medical Faculty.

In his later life he was both a consultant of insurance companies and of the Prisons Commission.

In 1867, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposer was Sir Robert Christison. He served as the Society's Vice President from 1911 to 1916. He won the Society's Keith Prize for 1891-3 and its Makdougall-Brisbane Prize 1866-8. In 1877, he also was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. [7] In 1879 he was elected a member of the Aesculapian Club [8]

In 1889 and 1890 he reported about an arrow poison used in coastal areas of Kenya and Nigeria and analysed the highly poisonous Calabar bean and Strophanthus hispidus. [9] [10] In 1897, he was awarded the Cameron Prize for Therapeutics of the University of Edinburgh. From 1898 to 1899 he was president of the Government Commission for the research on the plague in India. He served as President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh from 1900 to 1902. He was knighted in the 1902 Coronation Honours for his work on the Indian Plague Commission, [11] [6] receiving the accolade from King Edward VII at Buckingham Palace on 24 October 1902. [12] In 1908 he was elected President of the Association of Physicians of Great Britain and Ireland. [7] In 1914 he was elected President of the Harveian Society of Edinburgh. [13]

He received honorary doctorates from the universities of Aberdeen (LLD), Glasgow (LLD), Edinburgh (LLD), Cambridge (DSc) and Dublin (MD). [6]

In later years he lived at 13 Drumsheugh Gardens in Edinburgh's West End. [14]

He died in Edinburgh on 4 January 1920. He is buried in Dean Cemetery in western Edinburgh, not far from his home. The grave lies in the south-west of the first northern extension, on the wall backing onto the original cemetery.

Family

With his wife Susanna Margaret Duncan Fraser (1850–1929) they had three daughters and eight sons:

Artistic recognition

His sketch portrait of 1884, by William Brassey Hole, is held by the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. [15]

Publications

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References

  1. "SIR THOMAS RICHARD FRASER, M.D., F.R.S., LL.D.Aberd., Glasg., Edin., Sc.D.Camb., etc". BMJ. 1 (3081): 100–101. 1920. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.3081.100. PMC   2336911 .
  2. Biographisches Lexikon hervorragender Ärzte bei. Zeno.org. Retrieved on 5 June 2014.
  3. Thomas Richard Fraser, toxicologist, 1884. scienceandsociety.co.uk (23 April 2008). Retrieved on 5 June 2014.
  4. "Fraser, Sir Thomas Richard (1841–1920), pharmacologist" . Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/33255. ISBN   978-0-19-861412-8 . Retrieved 8 June 2022.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  5. Fraser, Thomas R. (1862). "The characters and properties of the physostigma venenosum".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. 1 2 3 https://www.rcpe.ac.uk/sites/default/files/notable_fellow.pdf Archived 25 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine [ bare URL PDF ]
  7. 1 2 Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002 (PDF). The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006. ISBN   0-902-198-84-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
  8. Minute Books of the Aesculapian Club. Library of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.
  9. T. R. Fraser. Nndb.com. Retrieved on 5 June 2014.
  10. Neuwinger, H.D. Afrikanische Ethnobotanik: Gifte und Arzneien. neuwinger-online.de
  11. "The Coronation Honours". The Times. No. 36804. London. 26 June 1902. p. 5.
  12. "No. 27494". The London Gazette . 11 November 1902. p. 7165.
  13. Watson Wemyss, Herbert Lindesay (1933). A Record of the Edinburgh Harveian Society. T&A Constable, Edinburgh.
  14. Edinburgh and Leith Post Office Directory 1911–12
  15. "Artworks | Page 13 | National Galleries of Scotland". www.nationalgalleries.org. Retrieved 28 July 2018.
  16. Fraser, T. R. (1867). "On the Physiological Action of the Calabar Bean". J Anat Physiol. 1 (2): 323–32. PMC   1318559 . PMID   17230725.
Academic offices
Preceded by
James Andrew
President of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
19001902
Succeeded by