Thomas Rutherforth

Thomas Rutherforth
Thomas Rutherforth
Born	3 October 1712; Papworth St Agnes, England, Great Britain
Died	5 October 1771 (aged 59)
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (BD)
Children	1 son

Last updated May 01, 2024

Thomas Rutherforth (also Rutherford) (3 October 1712 – 5 October 1771) was an English churchman and academic, Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge from 1745, and Archdeacon of Essex from 1752.

Life

He was the son of Thomas Rutherforth, rector of Papworth Everard, Cambridgeshire, an antiquarian who made collections for a county history. He was born in Papworth St. Agnes, Cambridgeshire, on 3 October 1712, received his education at Huntingdon school under Mr. Matthews, and was admitted a sizar of St John's College, Cambridge, 6 April 1726. He proceeded B.A. in 1729, and commenced M.A. in 1733; he served the office of junior taxor or moderator in the schools in 1736, and graduated B.D. in 1740.^[1]

On 28 January 1742, he was elected a member of the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding, and on 27 January 1743, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. He taught physical science privately at Cambridge, and issued in 1743 Ordo Institutionum Physicarum. In 1745, he was appointed Regius Professor of Divinity at Cambridge, and created D.D.

He became chaplain to Frederick, Prince of Wales, and afterwards to the dowager Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. He also became rector of Shenfield, Essex, and was instituted to the rectory of Barley, Hertfordshire, 13 April 1751. On 28 November 1752, he was presented to the archdeaconry of Essex.

He died in the house of his wife's brother, Sir Anthony Abdy, on 5 October 1771, and was buried in the chancel of Barley church; a memorial slab placed over his tomb was removed in 1871 to the west wall of the south aisle.

Works

Rutherforth was "at the heart of Cambridge latitudinarianism".^[2] His dissertation for D.D., concerning the sacrifice of Isaac as a type of Christ's death, was published in Latin, and elicited a reply from Joseph Edwards, M.A. Besides sermons, tracts, charges, and a paper read before the Gentlemen's Society at Spalding, on Plutarch's description of the instrument used to renew the Vestal fire, Rutherforth published:

‘An Essay on the Nature and Obligations of Virtue,’ Cambridge, 1744. Thomas Chubb attacked this in The Ground and Foundation of Morality Considered (1745).^[3] Catherine Cockburn also wrote a confutation, which William Warburton published with a preface of his own as ‘Remarks upon … Dr. Rutherforth's Essay … in Vindication of the contrary Principles and Reasonings inforced in the Writings of the late Dr. Samuel Clarke,’ 1747.
‘A System of Natural Philosophy, being a Course of Lectures in Mechanics, Optics, Hydrostatics, and Astronomy,’ 2 vols. Cambridge, 1748.
‘A Defence of the Bishop of London's Discourses concerning the use and intent of Prophecy; in a Letter to Dr. Middleton;’ 2nd edit. London, 1750. On behalf of Thomas Sherlock, against Conyers Middleton.
‘The Credibility of Miracles defended against the Author of Philosophical Essays,’ Cambridge, 1751. Against David Hume.
‘Institutes of Natural Law; being the substance of a Course of Lectures on Grotius de Jure Belli et Pacis,’ 2 vols. Cambridge, 1754–6, 8vo; second American edition, revised, Baltimore, 1832.
‘A Letter to … Mr. Kennicott, in which his Defence of the Samaritan Pentateuch is examined, and his second Dissertation on the State of the printed Hebrew Text of the Old Testament is shewn to be in many instances Injudicious and Inaccurate,’ Cambridge, 1761. Benjamin Kennicott published in 1762 an answer, to which Rutherforth retorted in ‘A Second Letter.’
‘A Vindication of the Right of Protestant Churches to require the Clergy to subscribe to an established Confession of Faith and Doctrines, in a Charge delivered at a Visitation in July 1766,’ Cambridge [1766]. ‘An Examination’ of this charge ‘by a Clergyman of the Church of England’ (Benjamin Dawson) reached a fifth edition in 1767.
‘A Second Vindication of the Right of Protestant Churches,’ &c., Cambridge, 1766. This was also answered anonymously by Dawson.
‘A Defence of a Charge concerning Subscriptions, in a Letter to the Author of the Confessional,’ Cambridge, 1767. Against Francis Blackburne, this caused further controversy.

Family

He married Charlotte Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Abdy, 4th Baronet, and left one son, Thomas Abdy Rutherforth, who became rector of Theydon Garnon, Essex, and died on 14 October 1798.

Related Research Articles

Thomas Clap or Thomas Clapp was an American academic and educator, a Congregational minister, and college administrator. He was both the fifth rector and the earliest official to be called "president" of Yale College (1740–1766). He is best known for his successful reform of Yale in the 1740s, partnering with the Rev. Dr. Samuel Johnson to restructure the forty-year-old institution along more modern lines. He convinced the Connecticut Assembly to exempt Yale from paying taxes. He opened a second college house and doubled the size of the college.

Samuel Chandler was an English Nonconformist minister and pamphleteer. He has been called the "uncrowned patriarch of Dissent" in the latter part of George II's reign.

Richard Smallbrooke was an English churchman, Bishop of St David's and then of Lichfield and Coventry.

Anthony Bliss was a clergyman of the Church of England, and the vicar of Portsmouth.

Samuel Bolde (1649–1737) was an English clergyman and controversialist, a supporter of the arguments of John Locke for religious toleration.

Richard Reynolds (1674–1743) was an English bishop of Lincoln.

Samuel Squire was a Bishop of the Church of England and a historian.

Thomas Comber (1645–1699) was an English churchman, Dean of Durham from 1689.

Thomas Brett (1667–1743) was an English nonjuring clergyman known as an author.

John Edwards (1637–1716) was an English Calvinistic divine.

Thomas Kipling was a British churchman and academic.

Michael Lort (1725–1790) was a Welsh clergyman, academic and antiquary.

John Jackson (1686–1763) was an English clergyman and controversial theological writer.

John Chapman (1704–1784) was an English cleric and scholar, archdeacon of Sudbury from 1741.

Thomas Sharp (1693–1758) was an English churchman, known as a biographer and theological writer, archdeacon of Northumberland from 1723.

William Dodwell (1709–1785) was an English cleric known as a theological writer, archdeacon of Berkshire from 1763.

The Divine Legation of Moses is the best-known work of William Warburton, an English theologian of the 18th century who became bishop of Gloucester. As its full title makes clear, it is a conservative defence of orthodox Christian belief against deism, by means of an apparent paradox: the afterlife is not mentioned in terms in the Pentateuch, making Mosaic Judaism distinctive among ancient religions; from which, Warburton argues, it is seen that Moses received a divine revelation.

Thomas Johnson was an English cleric and academic, a moralist writer.

John Whalley was an English academic at the University of Cambridge, clergyman, and poet.

References

"Rutherforth, Thomas" . Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

Notes

↑ "Rutherford, Thomas (RTRT726T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.
↑ Knud Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment (1996), p. 312. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
↑ Probyn, Clive. "Chubb, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5378.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

External links

thepeerage.com

Attribution

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain : "Rutherforth, Thomas". Dictionary of National Biography . London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.

[1] "Rutherford, Thomas (RTRT726T)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge.

[2] Knud Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment (1996), p. 312. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

[3] Probyn, Clive. "Chubb, Thomas". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/5378.(Subscription or UK public library membership required.)

[1]

[2]

[3]

v t e Archdeacons of Essex and of West Ham
High Medieval	Theobald Walter Richard Ruffus Robert Banastre Richard de Hegham Theobald de Valognes Thomas de Fauconberg Hugh de Sancto Edmundo Stephen de Sandwic Richard of Gravesend Adam de Faversham Roger de La Legh Robert Winchelsey Laurence de Fuscis de Bera
Late Medieval	Aldebrand Riccardi de Militiis Hildebrand de Anibaldis Stephen de Segrave John de Elham William Vygerous Robert de Canterbury Hugh de Statherne John de Bouser William de Rothwell John Barnet John de Cantebrugg Roger de Freton Henry de Winterton Richard Prentys Edward Prentys John Shirborne Zanobius Mulakyn James Goldwell John Gunthorpe John Crall Edmund Audley Thomas Jane
Early modern	John de Lopez Francis de Busleiden Richard Rawson Edward Moylle Thomas Darbyshire Thomas Cole John Walker William Tabor Samuel Harsnett George Goldman Edward Layfield Thomas Turner Charles Alston Thomas Gooch Reuben Clerke William Gibson Thomas Rutherforth Stotherd Abdy James Waller
Late modern (Essex)	William Gretton Francis Wollaston Hugh Jones Carew St John Mildmay Gaspard-le-Marchant Carey Alfred Blomfield Henry Johnson Thomas Stevens, Bishop of Barking James Inskip, Bishop of Barking (became Archdeacon of West Ham)
West Ham	James Inskip (previously Archdeacon of Essex) Hugh Gough John Elvin Denis Wakeling James Adams John Taylor Peter Dawes Roger Sainsbury Tim Stevens Michael Fox Elwin Cockett

Authority control databases
International	FAST ISNI VIAF
National	Spain France BnF data Germany Israel United States Netherlands
People	Trove
Other	SNAC IdRef

Thomas Rutherforth
Born	3 October 1712 Papworth St Agnes, England, Great Britain
Died	5 October 1771(1771-10-05) (aged 59)
Alma mater	University of Cambridge (BD)
Children	1 son