Ꝥ (minuscule: ꝥ), or Þ (thorn) with stroke was a scribal abbreviation common in the Middle Ages. It was used for Old English :þæt (Modern English "that"), as well as Old Norse : þor-, the -þan/-ðan in síðan, [1] þat, þæt, and þess. In Old English texts, the stroke tended to be more slanted, while in Old Norse texts it was straight. In Middle English times, the ascender of the þ was reduced (making it similar to the Old English letter Wynn, ƿ), which caused the thorn with stroke abbreviation ( ) to be replaced with a thorn with a small t above the letter (
).
Unicode encodes Ꝥ as U+A764ꝤLATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE, and ꝥ at U+A765ꝥLATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE.
A thorn with a stroke on the descender also exists, used historically as an abbreviation for the word "through". [2] The codepoints are U+A766ꝦLATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER, and U+A767ꝧLATIN SMALL LETTER THORN WITH STROKE THROUGH DESCENDER.
D, or d, is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is dee, plural dees.
F, or f, is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ef, and the plural is efs.
M, or m, is the thirteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is em, plural ems.
N, or n, is the fourteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is en, plural ens.
O, or o, is the fifteenth letter and the fourth vowel letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is o, plural oes.
P, or p, is the sixteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is pee, plural pees.
R, or r, is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ar, plural ars, or in Ireland or.
S, or s, is the nineteenth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ess, plural esses.
T, or t, is the twentieth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is tee, plural tees. It is derived from the Semitic Taw 𐤕 of the Phoenician and Paleo-Hebrew script via the Greek letter τ (tau). In English, it is most commonly used to represent the voiceless alveolar plosive, a sound it also denotes in the International Phonetic Alphabet. It is the most commonly used consonant and the second-most commonly used letter in English-language texts.
Thorn or þorn is a letter in the Old English, Old Norse, Old Swedish and modern Icelandic alphabets, as well as modern transliterations of the Gothic alphabet, Middle Scots, and some dialects of Middle English. It was also used in medieval Scandinavia, but was later replaced with the digraph th, except in Iceland, where it survives. The letter originated from the rune ᚦ in the Elder Fuþark and was called thorn in the Anglo-Saxon and thorn or thurs in the Scandinavian rune poems. It is similar in appearance to the archaic Greek letter sho (ϸ), although the two are historically unrelated. The only language in which þ is currently in use is Icelandic.
Wynn or wyn is a letter of the Old English alphabet, where it is used to represent the sound.
The r rotunda ⟨ ꝛ ⟩, "rounded r", is a historical calligraphic variant of the minuscule (lowercase) letter Latin r used in full script-like typefaces, especially blackletters.
L or l is the twelfth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is el, plural els.
Q with stroke is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from writing the letter Q with the addition of a bar through the letter's descender. The letter was used by scribes during the Middle Ages, where it was employed primarily as an abbreviation—a modern parallel of this would be abbreviating the word "and" with an ampersand (&). The letter was also used to write some modern languages. Between 1928 and 1938, the Lezgin alphabets and Dargin writing had used Ꝗ, but since 1938, both corresponding languages are written with Cyrillic-based alphabets, using the digraph Кь in place of Ꝗ.
K with stroke is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from K with the addition of a bar through the letter.
Ỽ, ỽ is a letter employed in Middle Welsh texts between the 13th and 14th centuries. It represented the sounds of v, u, and w and – prior to inclusion in the Latin Extended Additional block of Unicode characters – was typically represented by the letter w in transcriptions. The Unicode code point for the capital letter is U+1EFC; that for the lower-case letter is U+1EFD.
K with stroke and diagonal stroke is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from K with the addition of bars through the ascender and the leg.
K with diagonal stroke is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from K with the addition of a diagonal bar through the leg.
V with diagonal stroke is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from V with the addition of a bar through the left stroke.
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