Thrixspermum

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Thrixspermum
Thrixspermum-saruwatarii.jpg
Thrixspermum saruwatarii
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandeae
Subtribe: Aeridinae
Genus: Thrixspermum
Lour. [1]
Type species
Thrixspermum centipeda
Synonyms [1]

Thrixspermum, commonly known as hairseeds [2] or 白点兰属 (bai dian lan shu), [3] is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytes, lithophytes or terrestrial plants with flat, leathery leaves and short-lived flowers with the sepals and petals more or less similar to each other. The labellum is rigidly fixed to the column and has three lobes. The side lobes are erect and the middle lobe is thick and fleshy. There are about 190 species distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific. Most species grow in lowland or tropical rainforests up to an altitude of 1,200 m.

Contents

Description

Orchids in the genus Thrixspermum are epiphytic or lithophytic, rarely terrestrial, monopodial herbs with long thick roots, and flat, fleshy leaves arranged in two ranks with their bases sheathing the stem. The flowers are arranged on a pendulous or arching flowering stem arising from a leaf axil. The flowers are usually short-lived and often open for less than a day. The sepals are free from and more or less similar to each other. The petals are free from each other and similar to, but slightly shorter than the sepals. The labellum is stiffly attached to the column with a pouched base and three lobes, the side lobes erect, usually short and blunt and the middle lobe thick and fleshy. The fruit is a long, thin capsule. [2] [3] [4]

Taxonomy and naming

The genus Thrixspermum was first formally described in 1790 by João de Loureiro in Flora Cochinchinensis. [1] [5] The name Thrixspermum is derived from the Ancient Greek words thrix (θρίξ), meaning "hair" and sperma (σπέρμα) meaning "seed". [6]

Species

The following is a list of species of Thrixspermum recognised by the Plants of the World Online as at January 2025:

Thrixspermum pensile Thrixspermum pensile Schltr., Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 104 59 (1911) (44834515771).jpg
Thrixspermum pensile

Distribution

Orchids in the genus Thrixspermum are found in China, Japan (including the Ryukyu Islands), Korea, Taiwan, India (including the Andaman and Nicobar Islands), Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, northern Australia (including Christmas Island), Fiji, New Caledonia, Samoa, Vanuatu and the Caroline Islands. About fourteen species, two of which are endemic occur in China, nine are found in Taiwan and three in Australia. [1] [2] [3] [7]


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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aeridinae</span> Subtribe of orchids

In the botanical classification of plants, Aeridinae Pfitzer is a subtribe of the tribe Vandeae whose representatives all have a monopodial growth habit and do not possess pseudobulbs.

<i>Coelogyne</i> Genus of orchids

Coelogyne is a genus of 594 species, which are sympodial epiphytes from the family Orchidaceae, distributed across India, China, Indonesia and the Fiji islands, with the main centers in Borneo, Sumatra and the Himalayas. They can be found from tropical lowland forests to montane rainforests. A few species grow as terrestrials or even as lithophytes in open, humid habitats. The genera BolborchisLindl., HologynePfitzer and PtychogynePfitzer are generally included here. The genus is abbreviated Coel. in trade journals.

<i>Calanthe</i> Genus of orchids

Calanthe, commonly known as Christmas orchids, is a genus of about 220 species of orchids in the family Orchidaceae. They are evergreen or deciduous terrestrial plants with thick roots, small oval pseudobulbs, large corrugated leaves and upright, sometimes arching flowering stems. The sepals and petals are narrow and a similar size to each other and the labellum usually has spreading lobes.

<i>Bryobium</i> Genus of orchids

Bryobium, commonly known as urchin orchids or 藓兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic or lithophytic plants with large, fleshy pseudobulbs, each with up to three leathery leaves and small, often hairy flowers. These orchids are found from tropical Asia to northern Australia.

<i>Cylindrolobus</i> Genus of plants in the Orchidaceae from New Guinea, Asian Tropics and China

Cylindrolobus is a genus of orchids with about 80 species that grow in New Guinea, Wallacea, Southeast Asia, southern China, and India.

<i>Pinalia</i> Genus of orchids

Pinalia, commonly known as gremlin orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are large epiphytic or lithophytic plants with prominent pseudobulbs, each with up to three thin, flat leaves and cup-shaped, relatively short-lived flowers with scale-like brown hairs on the outside. There are about 120 species occurring from tropical to subtropical Asia to the south-west Pacific.

<i>Appendicula</i> Genus of orchids

Appendicula, commonly known as stream orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic, lithophytic or rarely terrestrial plants herbs with many flat, often twisted leaves and small resupinate, white or greenish flowers. The sepals are free from each other but the lateral sepals and labellum are fused to the base of the column.

<i>Arachnis</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

The genus Arachnis, abbreviated as Arach in horticultural trade, is a member of the orchid family (Orchidaceae), consisting of more than 20 species native to China, India, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, the Philippines, New Guinea, and the Solomon Islands.

<i>Robiquetia</i> Genus of orchids

Robiquetia, commonly known as pouched orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Plants in this genus are epiphytes with long, sometimes branched, fibrous stems, leathery leaves in two ranks and large numbers of small, densely crowded flowers on a pendulous flowering stem. There are about eighty species found from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Western Pacific.

<i>Trichoglottis</i> Genus of orchid

Trichoglottis, commonly known as cherub orchids or 毛舌兰属 , is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with thick roots, relatively thick, fibrous stems and many large, thick, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks. The flowers are usually small and yellowish with light brown or purple markings. The flowers have broad sepals, narrower petals and a labellum which has three lobes and is often hairy. There are about 85 species distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the north-western Pacific. Most species grow in rainforest.

<i>Brachypeza</i> Genus of orchids

Brachypeza, commonly known as sage orchids, is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus have short stems with fleshy leaves and arching flowering stems with short-lived flowers. The sepals and petals are similar in size and shape and the labellum is pouch-like and suspended at the base of the flower. Sage orchids occur in tropical areas from Indochina to New Guinea.

<i>Grosourdya</i> Genus of orchids

Grosourdya is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. As of May 2022, it contains 26 known species, native to Southeast Asia.

  1. Grosourdya appendiculata(Blume) Rchb.f. - widespread from Hainan to the Andaman Islands to the Philippines and Maluku
  2. Grosourdya bicornutaJ.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  3. Grosourdya bigibba (Schltr.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  4. Grosourdya calliferaSeidenf. - Thailand
  5. Grosourdya ciliata (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  6. Grosourdya decipiens (J.J.Sm.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  7. Grosourdya emarginata (Blume) Rchb.f.
  8. Grosourdya fasciculata (Carr) Kocyan & Schuit.
  9. Grosourdya incurvicalcar(J.J.Sm.) Garay - Java, Peninsular Malaysia, Sulawesi
  10. Grosourdya leytensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  11. Grosourdya lobata Kocyan & Schuit.
  12. Grosourdya milneri P.O'Byrne, Gokusing & J.J.Wood
  13. Grosourdya mindanaensis (Ames) Kocyan & Schuit.
  14. Grosourdya minutiflora(Ridl.) Garay - Pahang
  15. Grosourdya minutissima P.T.Ong & P.O'Byrne
  16. Grosourdya multistrata P.O'Byrne, J.J.Verm. & S.M.L.Lee
  17. Grosourdya muscosa(Rolfe) Garay - Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Andaman Islands
  18. Grosourdya myosurus (Ridl.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  19. Grosourdya nitida (Seidenf.) Kocyan & Schuit.
  20. Grosourdya pulvinifera(Schltr.) Garay - Sabah, Sulawesi
  21. Grosourdya quinquelobata(Schltr.) Garay - Sulawesi
  22. Grosourdya reflexicalcarP.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm.
  23. Grosourdya tripercus(Ames) Garay - Leyte
  24. Grosourdya urunensisJ.J.Wood, C.L.Chan & A.L.Lamb - Sabah
  25. Grosourdya vietnamica (Aver.) Kumar & S.W.Gale
  26. Grosourdya zollingeri(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. - Java, Maluku

Pennilabium is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to Southeast Asia and the Himalayas.

  1. Pennilabium acuminatum(Ridl.) Holttum - Malaysia
  2. Pennilabium angraecoides(Schltr.) J.J.Sm. - Borneo
  3. Pennilabium angraecum(Ridl.) J.J.Sm. - Malaysia, Java
  4. Pennilabium armaniiP.O'Byrne, Phoon & P.T.Ong - Malaysia
  5. Pennilabium aurantiacumJ.J.Sm. - Java
  6. Pennilabium confusum(Ames) Garay - Philippines
  7. Pennilabium kidmancoxiiJ.J.Wood - Sabah
  8. Pennilabium lampongenseJ.J.Sm. - Sumatra
  9. Pennilabium longicauleJ.J.Sm. - Sumatra
  10. Pennilabium luzonense(Ames) Garay - Philippines
  11. Pennilabium najaP.O'Byrne - Sulawesi
  12. Pennilabium poringense(J.J.Wood & A.L.Lamb) Schuit. - Sabah
  13. Pennilabium proboscidcumA.S.Rao & J.Joseph - Arunachal Pradesh, Assam
  14. Pennilabium struthioCarr - Malaysia, Thailand
  15. Pennilabium yunnanenseS.C.Chen & Y.B.Luo - Yunnan, Thailand
<i>Pteroceras</i> Genus of orchids

Pteroceras is a genus of flowering plants from the orchid family, Orchidaceae. It is native to China, the Indian Subcontinent, and Southeast Asia.

<i>Trachoma</i> (plant) Genus of orchids

Trachoma, commonly known as spectral orchids, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Orchidaceae. Orchids in this genus are epiphytic plants with leafy stems, crowded, leathery leaves arranged in two ranks and a large number of relatively small, short-lived flowers that often open in successive clusters. The sepals and petals are free from and more or less similar to each other, except that the petals are often smaller. The labellum is rigidly fixed to the column and is more or less sac-shaped. There are about 17 species distributed from Assam to the Western Pacific Ocean. Most species grow in rainforests, often on emergent trees such as hoop pine.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Thrixspermum". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  2. 1 2 3 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 456. ISBN   1877069124.
  3. 1 2 3 Chen, Xinqi; Wood, Jeffrey J. "Thrixspermum". Flora of China. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  4. ↑ D.L.Jones; T.Hopley; S.M.Duffy (2010). "Thrixspermum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Orchids . Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government . Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  5. ↑ de Loureiro, João (1790). Flora Cochinchinensis. Vol. 2. Lisbon. pp. 519–520. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
  6. ↑ Backer, C.A. (1936). Verklarend woordenboek der wetenschappelijke namen van de in Nederland en Nederlandsch-Indië in het wild groeiende en in tuinen en parken gekweekte varens en hoogere planten (Edition Nicoline van der Sijs).
  7. ↑ "Thrixspermum". Digital Flora of Taiwan. Retrieved 7 January 2019.
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