The modern state of Guinea did not come into existence until 1958,but the history of the area stretches back well before European colonization. Its current boundaries were determined during the colonial period by the Berlin Conference (1884–1885) and the French,who ruled Guinea until 1958.
The Malian Armed Forces consists of the Army,Republic of Mali Air Force,and National Guard. They number some 7,000 and are under the control of the Minister of Armed Forces and Veterans. The Library of Congress as of January 2005 stated that "[t]he military is underpaid,poorly equipped,and in need of rationalization. Its organisation has suffered from the incorporation of Tuareg irregular forces into the regular military following a 1992 agreement between the government and Tuareg rebel forces."
The Niger Armed Forces includes military armed force service branches,paramilitary services branches and the National Police of Niger. The Army,Air Force and the National Gendarmerie are under the Ministry of Defense whereas the National Guard and the National Police fall under the command of the Ministry of Interior. With the exception of the National Police,all military and paramilitary forces are trained in military fashion. The President of Niger is the supreme commander of the entire armed forces. The National Assembly of Niger passed a statue for the Army of Niger on November 2020,planning that the army's size should increase from 25,000 personnel in 2020,to 50,000 in 2025 and finally 100,000 in 2030.
The Republican Guard is part of the French National Gendarmerie. It is responsible for special security duties in the Paris area and for providing guards of honour at official ceremonies of the French Republic.
Military police (MP) are law enforcement agencies connected with,or part of,the military of a state. In wartime operations,the military police may support the main fighting force with force protection,convoy security,screening,rear reconnaissance,logistic traffic management,counterinsurgency,and detainee handling.
A gendarmerie is a military force with law enforcement duties among the civilian population. The term gendarme is derived from the medieval French expression gens d'armes,which translates to "men-at-arms",or "rural police". In France and some Francophone nations,the gendarmerie is a branch of the armed forces that is responsible for internal security in parts of the territory,with additional duties as military police for the armed forces. It was introduced to several other Western European countries during the Napoleonic conquests. In the mid-twentieth century,a number of former French mandates and colonial possessions adopted a gendarmerie after independence. A similar concept exists in Eastern Europe in the form of Internal Troops,which are present in many countries of the former Soviet Union and its former allied countries.
The GIGN is the elite police tactical unit of the National Gendarmerie of France. Among its missions are counterterrorism,hostage rescue,surveillance of national threats,protection of government officials,critical site protection,and targeting organized crime.
The National Police,formerly known as the Sûreténationale,is one of two national police forces of France,the other being the National Gendarmerie. The National Police is the country's main civil law enforcement agency,with primary jurisdiction in cities and large towns. By contrast,the National Gendarmerie has primary jurisdiction in smaller towns,as well as in rural and border areas. The National Police comes under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior and has about 145,200 employees. Young French citizens can fulfill their mandatory service in the police force.
A security agency is a governmental organization that conducts intelligence activities for the internal security of a nation. They are the domestic cousins of foreign intelligence agencies,and typically conduct counterintelligence to thwart other countries' foreign intelligence efforts.
Law enforcement in France has a long history dating back to AD 570 when night watch systems were commonplace. Policing is centralized at the national level. Recently,legislation has allowed local governments to hire their own police officers which are called the "police municipale".
The National Gendarmerie is one of two national law enforcement forces of France,along with the National Police. The Gendarmerie is a branch of the French Armed Forces placed under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of the Interior,with additional duties from the Ministry of Armed Forces. Its responsibilities include policing smaller towns,suburbs and rural areas,along with special subdivisions like the GSPR. By contrast,the National Police is a civilian law enforcement agency that is in charge of policing cities and larger towns. Because of its military status,the Gendarmerie also fulfills a range of military and defence missions,including having a cybercrime division. The Gendarmerie has a strength of around 102,269 people.
The principle law enforcement agency in Burundi is the National Police of Burundi. The police falls within the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Public Security. It is separate from the National Intelligence Service (SNR),the state intelligence agency.
Law enforcement in Mali is the responsibility of the National Police Force,which is subordinate to the Ministry of Internal Security and Civil Protection. The National Police Force shares responsibility for internal security with the Gendarmerie,a paramilitary organization;the police are responsible exclusively for urban areas,while the Gendarmerie's primary responsibility is for rural areas,though it may also reinforce the police when needed. According to The Wall Street Journal,each organization has approximately 5,000 personnel,while Interpol gives a figure of over 7,000 for the police.
The Gendarmerie Nationale is the national gendarmerie of Niger. The Gendarmerie Nationale are under the Niger Armed Forces and report to the Ministry of Defense. They are responsible for law enforcement in rural areas. Niger's civilian police force,the National Police,is a separate agency under the Ministry of Interior,Public Safety and Decentralization,and are responsible for policing in urban areas.
Law enforcement in the Central African Republic is primarily vested in the country's National Police,a uniformed civilian branch oriented almost solely towards law enforcement in urban districts,and the paramilitary Central African Gendarmerie. A third department,the Police judiciaire,is the criminal investigation division of the National Police but has become increasingly independent and is widely considered a separate branch in its own right.
Ibrahima N'Diaye is a Malian politician who served in the government of Mali as Minister of Employment and Vocational Training. He was also Second Vice-President of the Alliance for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA).
The Gendarmerie Nationale,is the national gendarmerie force of the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria. As part of the Algerian Armed Forces is commanded by a major general who reports directly to the Minister of National Defense. It was created in 1962 by Decree No.019-62 of 23 August 1962 shortly after its independence. In 2012 the gendarmerie consists of 130,000 personnel. Although generally regarded as a versatile and competent paramilitary force,the gendarmerie has been severely tested in dealing with civil disorder since 1988. It frequently has lacked sufficient manpower at the scene of disorder and its units have been inadequately trained and equipped for riot control. The gendarmerie,however,has demonstrated the ability to root out terrorist groups operating from mountain hideouts.
The Directorate of Cooperation of Security and Defence is a structure belonging to the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development,intended to develop international structural cooperation in the fields of defense,internal security,and civil protection.
Major in France,is a senior superior military rank across various military and security institutions with history dating back well beyond the 18th century.
The first battle of Kidal took place during the Mali war. On 30 March 2012,the city was captured by rebel MNLA and Ansar Dine terrprist forces.
