Tianshuihai 甜水海 | |
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Military service station | |
![]() Sign for the Tianshuihai service station | |
Coordinates: 35°17′49″N79°33′40″E / 35.297°N 79.561°E Coordinates: 35°17′49″N79°33′40″E / 35.297°N 79.561°E | |
Administering country | China |
Province | Xinjiang Autonomous Region |
Prefecture | Hotan |
Elevation | 4,850 m (15,910 ft) |
Tianshuihai | |||||||||
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Traditional Chinese | 甜水海 | ||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 甜水海 | ||||||||
Literal meaning | sweet water sea | ||||||||
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Tianshuihai [2] [3] (Chinese :甜水海; pinyin :Tiánshuǐhǎi),alternately spelled Tien Shui Hai, [4] is a salt water lake in the disputed Aksai Chin region administered by China as part of the Xinjiang Autonomous Region (Hotan County,Hotan Prefecture), [5] which is also claimed by India. The lake's basin is a small plain,formerly known as the Thaldat basin [6] or Mapothang. [7] The lake drains the Thaldat stream that flows from the southwest. [6] It is located east of the Lokzhung Range and northwest of the Aksai Chin Lake. [8]
The Xinjiang–Tibet Highway of the 1950s was laid close to the lake,and an army service station was built on its banks,called the Tianshuihai service station. [9] [10] Around 2000,an improved national highway (G219) was laid on a new alignment further to the east,and the Tianshuihai service station was moved to a new location,closer to the new alignment.
The name Tianshuihai means "sweet water sea" in Chinese,supposedly originating in local army folklore about a dying soldier whose last words before passing were that he wanted to taste sweetened water. [11]
The Tianshuihai basin (or Thaldat basin) is at the northeastern corner of the Lokzhung Range of hills,which divide the Aksai Chin region into two distinct halves (called Lingzithang Plains and Kuenlun Plains by geologist Frederic Drew). [12] [13] The lake is said to drain a very large area,via the Thaldat stream that flows through the Lokzhung Range in a northeasterly direction. [6]
The Thaldat area forms a small plain,which is covered with soft salt and disconnected watered pools from the Thaldat stream and its substreams (which have been referred to as "Thaldat lakes"). The ground is described as sterile. [6] However,on the western edge of the plain,at the foot of Lokzhung hills,patches of vegetation were reported by Henry Cayley,who explored the area as the British Joint Commissioner in Ladakh. The local guides referred to these patches as "Thaldat". Cayley also reported that fuel was "plentiful". [14]
Drew reported kyang (Tibetan wild ass) frequenting the basin,which was considered its watering place. Drew reported a two-mile-long track made by them. [15]
The Tianshuihai lake has a depth of 56.32 metres (184.8 ft). [5] All the lakes in the region are saltwater lakes. [16] Geologically,the area is part of a terrane that was formed in early Mesozoic. [17]
The service station is located at an elevation of 4,850 metres (15,910 ft). [1] Due to this high elevation,there are few inhabitants in the remote area. Since the 1990s,there were numerous attempts by outsiders to establish restaurants or businesses in the area,but so far most have failed.[ citation needed ] While legally not permitted to accommodate outsiders,given the harsh environment,when not accommodating army personnel,the army service station would offer food and lodging to civilians for a relatively expensive price. [9] [18]
China National Highway 219,known as the Xinjiang–Tibet highway,passes nearby,connecting it with Lhasa and Kargilik County. The outpost is 575 kilometres (357 mi) from the starting point of National Highway 219 in Kargilik County. [19] The next settlement northward along the highway is Dahongliutan. The next settlement southward along the highway is the rest stop at Quanshui Lake in Tibet.
The service station was constructed in 1959. [19] During the Sino-Indian War in 1962,Tanshuihai region served as the main communication artery for 3 fronts of the Chinese offensive. [20]
Aksai Chin is a region administered by China as part of Hotan County,Hotan Prefecture,Xinjiang and Rutog County,Ngari Prefecture,Tibet. It is claimed by India to be a part of its Leh District,Ladakh Union Territory. It is a part of the eastern portion of the Kashmir region and has been a subject of dispute between India and China since the late 1950s.
China National Highway 219 is a highway which runs along the entire western and southern border of the People's Republic of China,from Kom-Kanas Mongolian ethnic township in Xinjiang to Dongxing in Guangxi. At over 10,000 kilometres (6,214 mi) long,it is part of the China National Highway Network Planning (2013–2030),and once completed it will be the longest National Highway.
Hotan County is a county in the southwest of the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region and is under the administration of the Hotan Prefecture. Almost all the residents of the county are Uyghurs and live around oases situated between the desolate Taklamakan Desert and Kunlun Mountains. Hotan County is the southernmost county-level division of Xinjiang. The county borders Karakax/Moyu County to the northwest,Hotan City and Lop County to the northeast,Qira County to the east,Pishan County to the west,and Rutog County,Tibet to the southeast. Hotan County administers most of Aksai Chin,an area disputed between China and India. The Line of Actual Control divides the India-controlled part of Ladakh union territory from the Aksai Chin area administered as part of southwest Hotan County.
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Hindu-tagh Pass,also known as Hindutash,is a historical mountain pass in the western Xinjiang,China. The pass cuts through the Kunlun Mountains connecting the now-deserted town of Kangxiwar in the Karakash River valley to the town of Pusha in the Pusha Jilga valley. It also connects to the road to the city of Hotan.
Kangxiwar is the location of a deserted town on the southwest side of the Kunlun Mountains. It is on the bank of the Karakash River in the western Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. It is also the base of the route to Hotan from the Karakash valley via the Hindutash pass. According to Chinese sources,Kangxiwar means "place with mine" in Uyghur.
Dahongliutan or simply Hongliutan is a village situated in Karakash river valley in the Hotan County,Hotan Prefecture,Xinjiang,China. It is located along the China National Highway 219,and is the town just north of the disputed Aksai Chin region of China and India.
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Longgan Lake is a freshwater lake in central China,divided between Susong County of Anhui Province and Huangmei County at the eastern extremity of Hubei Province. The lake is situated near the north bank of the middle reaches of Yangtze River,opposite Poyang Lake. The lake was named Longgan Lake in a 1955 decision which combined the names of two former lakes,Long Lake (龙湖) and Gan Lake (感湖).
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Tianwendian is the location of a Chinese border outpost in the disputed Aksai Chin region controlled by China. It is in the Chip Chap River valley,north of Depsang Plains,close to China's Line of Actual Control with India.
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The Muzart Pass,Muz-art Pass,or Muzat Pass is a high mountain pass that crosses the Tian Shan mountains in Xinjiang,China. It connects the city of Aksu in Tarim Basin with the city of Yining (Kulja) in the upper Ili River valley. It is located on the county boundary between Zhaosu County in Ili Prefecture and Baicheng County in Aksu Prefecture. The route over Muzart Pass is more commonly referred to as Xiate Trail by the Chinese,Xiate being the name of the village in Tekes River valley at the base on the northern side of the route.
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Mazar Pass,also refer to it as Sailyak Pass(Chinese:赛力亚克达坂;pinyin:SàilìyàkèDábǎn) is a long mountain pass with numerous hairpin turns along China National Highway 219 (G219),the highway connecting Xinjiang and Tibet. The mountain pass crosses the Kunlun Mountains. It is between the villages of Kudi and Mazar in Kargilik County in southwestern Xinjiang. Western sources often refer to it as Chiragsaldi Pass.
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The China National Highway 219 ... passes through no towns in Aksai Chin, only some military posts and truck stops, such as the very small Tianshuihai (el. 4,850 m (15,900 ft)) post.
Tianshuihai
Tianshuihai
based on meteorological data collected at Tien Shui Hai
和田县境内有主要湖泊5处:{...}甜水海;
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)the last stop in Xinjiang, the tianshuihai[ sic ] Army Service Station, which is the highest Station in China. It is expensive to stay overnight at the Army Service Station, so we suggest that you camp nearby.
Tianshuihai{...}From here the road turns south, and climbs to the Khitai Pass (kilometre marker 535; 5150m), past the military base of Tianshuihai.
甜水海的来历,曾有这样一个故事:过去,站里有名老兵,临终前紧紧拉着老站长的手说,我想喝口甜水,说完便闭上了眼睛。后来,甜水海这个名字便成了历代官兵最美好的精神寄托。 ... 从1959年建站起,兵站所有的生活用水,都要到90公里外的“死人沟”泉水湖去拉,来回一趟至少6个小时,如果到了冬季,还得破冰取水。
甜水海一路过来都是咸水湖
They are predicted to have formed in the Tianshuihai terrane during its early Mesozoic accretion to the amalgamated Tarim–Qaidam–Kunlun cratonic block.
根据国家的法律法规,兵站是不允许接纳外人,靠近兵站属于违法行为,考虑到新藏线旅行的情况,兵站对求助者进行一定程度的接纳,作为礼尚往来,一定要知道感激和礼貌,注意言行举止。
甜水海兵站,距新藏公路的起点—新疆叶城的零公里处,是575公里。这里海拔4890米,是人民解放军海拔最高、气候最恶劣、条件最艰苦的兵站。
On the Chinese side, there was only one main communication artery ... Near Tianshuihai, this highway divides into three branch roads leading towards Tianwendian, He Weitan[ sic ] and Kongka Pass Defence Areas respectively.