Tide Mills, East Sussex

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Tide Mills
Remains of Tide Mills mill race sluice - seaward side.jpg
The derelict mill race sluice, from the seaward side
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Tide Mills
Location within East Sussex
OS grid reference TQ459002
•  London 50 miles (80 km) N
Civil parish
District
Shire county
Region
Country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Police Sussex
Fire East Sussex
Ambulance South East Coast
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
East Sussex
50°46′58″N0°04′14″E / 50.782865°N 0.0706°E / 50.782865; 0.0706 Coordinates: 50°46′58″N0°04′14″E / 50.782865°N 0.0706°E / 50.782865; 0.0706
The derelict mill race sluice, from the mill pond side Remains of Tide Mills mill race sluice - millpond side.jpg
The derelict mill race sluice, from the mill pond side

Tide Mills is a derelict village in East Sussex, England. It lies about two kilometres (1.2 miles) south-east of Newhaven and four kilometres (2.5 miles) north-west of Seaford and is near both Bishopstone and East Blatchington. The village was condemned as unfit for habitation in 1936 and abandoned in 1939.

Contents

History

Thomas Pelham, the politician and prime minister who also held the title Duke of Newcastle, owned land at Bishopstone, and obtained an Act of Parliament which allowed him to use the foreshore of this land for the site of a tide mill. [1] Construction began in 1761, [2] but Pelham died in 1768, and it was not completed until 1788. Three years later, it was advertised for sale in the Sussex Weekly Advertiser , and at the time contained five pairs of mill stones, which could produce 130 quarters (1.65 tonnes) of wheat each week. The exposed location was often a problem, and in 1792 large quantities of flour and wheat were destroyed when the site was hit by a violent storm. [1]

Thomas Barton bought the mill site, and embarked on a series of improvements to make the mill more efficient. He constructed a new three-storey mill building, to house 16 pairs of stones, with which he was able to produce 1,500 sacks (190 tonnes) of flour per week. Ownership changed as a series of partnerships were created and then dissolved. Barton was in partnership with Edmund Catt just prior to 1800, but the London Gazette in 1801 announced that the agreement was no longer in place. Catt then entered into an agreement with his cousin William Catt (1770–1853), but William dissolved this in 1807. William Catt was part of a family who had many farming and milling interests in Robertsbridge and Buxted, and was a keen businessman. He managed the mill well, and it became very profitable, despite the occasional storm damage, such as that in 1820 which damaged the mill building, and washed away some of the mill dam. [3]

According to the census data from 1851, there were 60 men working at the mill, and most of them lived in cottages which Catt had built around the site. He also built a school to educate the children, and although the conditions were rather rudimentary, a thriving community developed. The workers appreciated the facilities provided for their families, at a time when such provision was not common. After the railway line from Newhaven to Seaford was opened, a siding was constructed, which ran between the cottages, enabling large quantities of flour to be transported to Newhaven, from where much of it was shipped to London by sea. [4]

The Mill closed in 1883 and was used as bonded warehouses until it was pulled down in 1901. The village was condemned as unfit for habitation in 1936, with the last residents forcibly removed in 1939. [5] The area was in part cleared to give fields of fire and also used for street fighting training. The site was not used for target practice by Newhaven Fort Artillery, though this story is common locally. The area accommodated vast numbers of Canadian troops during the Second World War.

There are the remains of a station [6] [7] on the Newhaven to Seaford line at grid reference TQ460003 . It started life as either Bishopstone Station (the Victorian OS map of 1874 shows it as this together with a short branch line to the mills) [8] or Tide Mills Halt, but became Bishopstone Beach Halt in 1939 before its closure in 1942. This is different from today's Bishopstone railway station at grid reference TV469998 .

The Sussex Archaeological Society [9] started a long-term project in April 2006 to record the entire East Beach site: Mills, Railway Station, Nurses Home, Hospital, RNAS Station and the later holiday homes and the Marconi Radio station (1904). Apart from the dig, it will evolve into a large collection of film, video, recollections and photographs logging the decline of the area.

Mill complex

Photograph showing a windmill in addition to the tide mill complex Tide Mills tidal and wind mill.jpg
Photograph showing a windmill in addition to the tide mill complex

Old photographs and paintings, together with a poem, show that the Tide Mill complex included a windmill. [10]

Access

Access is via either Mill Drove, an insignificant single-track road that runs south-west from the Newhaven and Seaford roads at approximately the point where one changes into the other grid reference TQ463005 (very limited parking, and access is via a pedestrian railway crossing at Bishopstone Beach Halt); or along the beach to the east of Newhaven Harbour. Network Rail plans to build a new footbridge across the railway to replace the existing crossing. [11]

The Tide Mills features in the 2007 novel A Kind of Vanishing [12] by crime-writer Lesley Thomson. Two girls are playing hide-and-seek in the summer of 1968. Eleanor is hiding from Alice, who never comes looking for her. Alice disappears and more than thirty years later she is still missing. Much of the "action" takes place around the Tide Mills. The cover photograph for the UK edition published by Myriad Editions shows a shot of the Tide Mills.

It also features in a novel of 2018. Set in 1963-4 Change at Tide Mills [13] uses a version of the Mill and village that is still standing. In practice it was demolished in 1940. A family from London revitalises the Mill's fortunes and the main storylines use local landmarks and contemporary values. The Author also offers a talk using contemporary images to flesh out the actual site and surroundings.

The Tide Mills Project

In 2020, LYT Productions launched a community arts and heritage project exploring the history of Tide Mills. [14] The project is being jointly funded by the National Lottery Heritage Fund, South Downs National Park Authority, Arts Council England, LYT Productions and other local organisations. The project is working to research the social history of Tide Mills to share with a wider audience, as well as creating online learning resources [15] and hosting a Heritage Celebration Week in September 2021. [16]

See also

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References

  1. 1 2 Stidder & Smith 1997, p. 39.
  2. ↑ "Newhaven Local & Maritime Museum". Newhaven Historical Society. Archived from the original on 5 February 2008.
  3. ↑ Stidder & Smith 1997, pp. 39–40.
  4. ↑ Stidder & Smith 1997, p. 40.
  5. ↑ Hamlyn; Octopus Publishing Group (5 May 2009). Top 10 of Britain. Octopus. p. 29. ISBN   978-0-600-62251-2 . Retrieved 16 February 2012.
  6. ↑ "The train now standing at Bishopstone Beach". Sussex Express. Archived from the original on 11 March 2007.
  7. ↑ Bishopstone Beach Halt station
  8. ↑ "Ordnance Survey 1:2500 map". 1874.
  9. ↑ "Bishopstone Tidemills project". Sussex Archaeological Society. Archived from the original on 14 February 2012.
  10. ↑ Source- plaques on the site for visitors
  11. ↑ "Unique footbridge design set to provide safer access across the railway at South Downs National Park". Network Rail Media Centre. Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  12. ↑ Thomson, Lesley. A Kind of Vanishing. Myriad Editions. ISBN   978-0-9549309-4-3.
  13. ↑ Wright, Richard Harbroe (2018). Change at Tide Mills. Seaford, UK: Richard Wright. ISBN   9781706113409 . Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  14. ↑ "The Tide Mills Project - Bringing Tide Mills back to life" . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  15. ↑ "Explore Tide Mills Online - The Tide Mills Project" . Retrieved 17 March 2021.
  16. ↑ "Heritage Celebration Week | 20th - 26th Sept 2021- The Tide Mills Project" . Retrieved 17 March 2021.

Bibliography

  • Stidder, Derek; Smith, Colin (1997). Watermills of Sussex. Vol. 1. Baron Birch. ISBN   978-0-86023-569-9.

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