Gansu is a province in Northwestern China. Its capital and largest city is Lanzhou,in the southeastern part of the province. The seventh-largest administrative district by area at 453,700 square kilometres (175,200 sq mi),Gansu lies between the Tibetan and Loess plateaus and borders Mongolia's Govi-Altai Province,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia to the north,Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west,Sichuan to the south and Shaanxi to the east. The Yellow River passes through the southern part of the province. Part of Gansu's territory is located in the Gobi Desert. The Qilian mountains are located in the south of the Province.
Shaanxi is a province in Northwestern China. It borders the province-level divisions of Inner Mongolia to the north,Shanxi and Henan to the east,Hubei,Chongqing,and Sichuan to the south,and Gansu and Ningxia to the west. Shaanxi covers an area of over 205,000 km2 (79,000 sq mi) with about 37 million people,the 16th-largest in China. Xi'an –which includes the sites of the former capitals Fenghao and Chang'an –is the provincial capital and largest city in Northwest China and also one of the oldest cities in China and the oldest of the Four Ancient Capitals,being the capital for the Western Zhou,Western Han,Jin,Sui and Tang dynasties. Xianyang,which served as the capital of the Qin dynasty (221–202 BC),is just north across the Wei River. The other prefecture-level cities into which the province is divided are Ankang,Baoji,Hanzhong,Shangluo,Tongchuan,Weinan,Yan'an and Yulin.
Qinghai is an inland province in Northwestern China. It is the largest province of China by area and has the third smallest population. Its capital and largest city is Xining.
The Lifan Yuan was an agency in the government of the Qing dynasty of China which administered the empire's Inner Asian territories such as Mongolia and oversaw the appointments of Ambans in Tibet. Until the 1860s,it was also responsible for the Qing's relations with the Russian Empire.
Ma Fuxiang was a Chinese Muslim scholar and military and political figure,spanning from the Qing Dynasty through the early Republic of China. His positions illustrated the power of family,the role of religious affiliations and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of China. A prominent Muslim warlord in northwest China,Ma Fuxiang originally served under Dong Fuxiang,like other Ma Clique Muslim warlords such as Ma Anliang.
The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC) was a ministry-level commission of the Executive Yuan in the Republic of China. It was disbanded on 15 September 2017.
At its establishment in 1912,the Republic of China claimed to be the successor state to the entirety of the Qing empire,which included Outer Mongolia. The Republic of China did not recognize Mongolia's independence until 1945;the two never exchanged diplomats. When the Chinese Civil War ended in 1949,Mongolia recognized the People's Republic of China;the Republic of China continued to show Mongolia as part of its territory on official maps until 2002 when they recognized Mongolia as an independent country and established informal relations.
The Golden Urn is a method introduced by the Qing dynasty of China in 1793 for selecting Tibetan reincarnations by drawing lots or tally sticks from a golden urn. After the Sino-Nepalese War,the Qianlong Emperor promulgated the 29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet,which included regulations on selecting lamas. The Golden Urn was ostensibly introduced to prevent cheating and corruption in the process but it also positioned the Qianlong Emperor as a religious authority capable of adducing incarnation candidates. A number of lamas,such as the 8th and 9th Panchen Lamas and the 10th Dalai Lama,were confirmed using the Golden Urn. In cases where the Golden Urn was not used,the amban was consulted. Lhamo Dhondup was exempted from the Golden Urn to become the 14th Dalai Lama in 1940.
Yuan Zai (元載),courtesy name Gongfu (公輔),formally Duke Huang of Yingchuan (潁川荒公) and then Duke Chengzong of Yingchuan (潁川成縱公),Duke Zhong of Yingchuan (潁川忠公),was a Chinese economist,historian,judge,and politician during the Tang dynasty,serving as a chancellor during the reigns of Emperor Suzong and Emperor Daizong,becoming particularly powerful during the middle of Emperor Daizong's reign. He was said to be very capable as an official,but also treacherous and corrupt. His behavior eventually wore out Emperor Daizong's patience,and he was arrested and executed.
Tibet was a de facto independent state in East Asia that lasted from the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912 until its annexation by the People's Republic of China in 1951.
Tibet under Yuan rule refers to the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty's rule over Tibet from approximately 1270 to 1354. During the Yuan dynasty rule of Tibet,the region was structurally,militarily and administratively controlled by the Yuan dynasty. In the history of Tibet,Mongol rule was established after Sakya Pandita got power in Tibet from the Mongols in 1244,following the 1240 Mongol conquest of Tibet led by the Mongol general with the title doord darkhan. It is also called the Sakya dynasty after the favored Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.
Tien Hung-mao is a Taiwanese politician. He was the Minister of Foreign Affairs from 20 May 2000 until 1 February 2002.
The Yuan dynasty was a Mongol-led imperial Chinese dynasty. During its existence,its territory was divided into the Central Region (腹裏) governed by the Central Secretariat and places under control of various provinces (行省) or Branch Secretariats (行中書省),as well as the region under the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs. In addition,the Yuan emperors held nominal suzerainty over the western Mongol khanates,but in reality none of them were governed by the Yuan dynasty due to the division of the Mongol Empire.
Events from the year 2016 in Taiwan.
Tien Chiu-chin is a Taiwanese politician. She served in the Legislative Yuan from 2005 to 2016,and later that year became the deputy minister of the Overseas Community Affairs Council. Tien was nominated a member of the Control Yuan in 2018.
Events from the year 2017 in Taiwan,Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 106 according to the official Republic of China calendar.
Events from the year 2018 in Taiwan,Republic of China. This year is numbered Minguo 107 according to the official Republic of China calendar.
The Qing dynasty (1644–1912) was the last imperial dynasty of China. The early Qing emperors adopted the bureaucratic structures and institutions from the preceding Ming dynasty but split rule between the Han and Manchus with some positions also given to Mongols. Like previous dynasties,the Qing recruited officials via the imperial examination system until the system was abolished in 1905. The Qing divided the positions into civil and military positions,each having nine grades or ranks,each subdivided into a and b categories. Civil appointments ranged from an attendant to the emperor or a grand secretary in the Forbidden City (highest) to being a prefectural tax collector,deputy jail warden,deputy police commissioner,or tax examiner. Military appointments ranged from being a field marshal or chamberlain of the imperial bodyguard to a third class sergeant,corporal or a first or second class private.
Lee Tsung-hsiao is a Taiwanese military officer.
Yang Youjiong was a Chinese politician,political scientist,journalist,and lawyer.
