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A time zone is an area that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries between countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude, because it is convenient for areas in frequent communication to keep the same time.
Daylight saving time (DST), also known as daylight savings time or daylight time, and summer time, is the practice of advancing clocks during warmer months so that darkness falls at a later clock time. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn to return to standard time. As a result, there is one 23-hour day in late winter or early spring and one 25-hour day in the autumn.
The International Date Line (IDL) is an internationally accepted demarcation on the surface of Earth, running between the North Pole and South Pole and serving as the boundary between one calendar day and the next. It passes through the Pacific Ocean, roughly following the 180° line of longitude and deviating to pass around some territories and island groups.
Time in the United States, by law, is divided into nine standard time zones covering the states, territories and other US possessions, with most of the United States observing daylight saving time (DST) for approximately the spring, summer, and fall months. The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Official and highly precise timekeeping services (clocks) are provided by two federal agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ; and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The clocks run by these services are kept synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations.
Summer time in Europe is the variation of standard clock time that is applied in most European countries in the period between spring and autumn, during which clocks are advanced by one hour from the time observed in the rest of the year, with a view to making the most efficient use of seasonal daylight. It corresponds to the notion and practice of daylight saving time (DST) to be found in many other parts of the world.
Time in New Zealand is divided by law into two standard time zones. The main islands use New Zealand Standard Time (NZST), 12 hours in advance of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) / military M (Mike), while the outlying Chatham Islands use Chatham Standard Time (CHAST), 12 hours 45 minutes in advance of UTC / military M^ (Mike-Three).
UTC−11:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of −11:00. This time is used in Niue, American Samoa, Swains Island, and parts of the United States Minor Outlying Islands. This is the latest inhabited time zone, meaning this is the last inhabited time zone to celebrate the New Year, as the world's latest time zone (UTC-12:00) is completely uninhabited.
UTC+13:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +13:00. Because it does not contain any land in the Northern Hemisphere, this time zone is exclusive to the Southern Hemisphere.
UTC+14:00 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +14:00. This is the earliest time zone on Earth, meaning that areas in this zone are the first to see a new day, and therefore the first to celebrate a New Year. It is also referred to as the "latest time zone" on Earth, as clocks in it always show the 'latest' time of all time zones.
Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Western Standard Time, Australian Central Standard Time, and Australian Eastern Standard Time. Time is regulated by the individual state governments, some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Australia's external territories observe different time zones.
The Indonesian archipelago geographically stretches across four time zones from UTC+07:00 in Aceh to UTC+09:00 in Papua. Therefore, the Indonesian government recognizes three time zones in its territory:
Time in Chile is divided into three time zones. Most of Continental Chile uses the time offset UTC−04:00 in winter time and UTC−03:00 in summer time, while the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica region uses the time offset UTC-03:00 the whole year. Additionally, Easter Island uses the time offset UTC−06:00 in winter time and UTC−05:00 in summer time
Philippine Standard Time, also known as Philippine Time (PHT), is the official name for the time zone used in the Philippines. The country only uses one time zone, at an offset of UTC+08:00, but has used daylight saving time for brief periods in the 20th century.
Daylight saving time in the Americas is the arrangement in the Americas by which clocks are advanced by one hour in spring and moved back in autumn, to make the most of seasonal daylight. The practice is widespread in North America, with most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America participating, but much less so in South America.
Samoa observed daylight saving time in 2010–21. During DST, the observed time changes were from UTC+13:00 to UTC+14:00. Due to the 2009 Samoa tsunami, the planned introduction in 2009 was not carried out. At the time of its introduction on September 26, Samoa was in UTC-11:00 as its primary time zone and switched to UTC-10:00 under DST. On December 29, 2011, Samoa switched from UTC-10:00 to UTC+14:00, skipping the 30th and changing from -10/-11 to +14/+13. In 2021 Samoa scrapped daylight saving time.
As of 2017, daylight saving time is used in the following Asian countries:
Parts of Australia, New Zealand and Fiji are areas of Oceania that currently observe daylight saving time (DST).
Tonga is a sovereign state in Polynesia that wholly utilises UTC+13:00 year round. Tonga does not currently observe daylight saving time, though they did in the Southern Hemisphere summers between 1992 and 2002 as well as the 2016—2017 summer, utilising UTC+14:00. UTC+14:00 is the earliest time zone on Earth and so, when using daylight saving time, Tonga was one of the first regions of Earth to bring in a new year. UTC+14:00 is also used by Samoa and Kiribati's Line Islands. Tonga currently shares a year-round time zone with Tokelau and the Phoenix Islands whilst Fiji, New Zealand and Samoa share Tonga's time seasonally. Tonga is west of the International Date Line (IDL) which deviates east from its standard course following the 180th meridian to roughly the 165th meridian west to traverse east of Tonga and other surrounding land.
Kiribati, a country in Oceania comprising 32 atolls and reef islands and one raised coral island, observes three time zones, ranging from UTC+12:00 to +14. Kiribati does not have an associated daylight saving time.
Time in Sudan is given by a single time zone, officially denoted as Central Africa Time. Sudan has observed CAT since 1 November 2017. Sudan has not observed daylight saving time since 14 October 1985.
References
- ↑ "Daylight savings scrapped". Samoa Observer. 20 September 2021. Retrieved 23 September 2021.
- ↑ "Current time in Apia, Samoa - daylight saving time 2011 dates, Apia clock". 24TimeZones.com. Retrieved 8 September 2011.
- ↑ "Samoa's Daylight Saving Starts in September 2010". www.timeanddate.com.
- ↑ "DST News - Samoa Daylight Saving Time news". www.worldtimezone.com.
- ↑ "Samoa and Tokelau skip a day for dateline change". BBC News. December 30, 2011. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2018.
- ↑ McCabe, Joanne (May 9, 2011). "Samoa to change time zones and move forward by a day". Metro. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012.