Spain has two time zones and observes daylight saving time. Spain mainly uses Central European Time (GMT+01:00) and Central European Summer Time (GMT+02:00) in Peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands, Ceuta, Melilla and plazas de soberanía. In the Canary Islands, the time zone is Western European Time (GMT±00:00) and Western European Summer Time (GMT+01:00). Daylight saving time is observed from the last Sunday in March (01:00 GMT) to the last Sunday in October (01:00 GMT) throughout Spain.
Spain used Greenwich Mean Time (UTC±00:00) before the Second World War (except for the Canary Islands which used GMT−01:00 before this date). However, the time zone was changed to Central European Time in 1940 and has remained so since then, meaning that Spain does not use its "natural" time zone under the coordinated time zone system. Some observers believe that this time zone shift plays a role in the country's relatively unusual daily schedule (late meals and sleep times).
Spain, like other parts of the world, used mean solar time until 31 December 1900. [1] In San Sebastián on 22 July 1900, the president of the Consejo de Ministros, Mr. Francisco Silvela, proposed to the regent of Spain, María Cristina, a royal decree to standardise the time in Spain; thus setting Greenwich Mean Time (GMT±00:00) as the standard time in peninsular Spain, the Balearic Islands and Ceuta and Melilla from 1 January 1901 onwards. The royal decree was sanctioned by María Cristina on 26 July 1900 in San Sebastián, the place where she resided during summer.
Before 1 March 1922, the Canary Islands still used mean solar time until it was discovered that the royal decree of 1900 applied only to the Peninsula and Balearic Islands. [1] The Canary Islands then used a time 1 hour behind the rest of Spain; GMT−01:00, until 16 March 1940, and since then, they have used Western European Time (GMT±00:00). Canary Islands observes daylight saving time at the same time (01:00 GMT) the rest of Spain does, that is, changing from 01:00 WET to 02:00 Western European Summer Time on the last Sunday in March (while the rest of Spain changes from 02:00 Central European Time to 03:00 Central European Summer Time) and, when daylight saving time ends, changing from 02:00 Western European Summer Time to 01:00 Western European Time on the last Sunday in October (while the rest of Spain changes from 03:00 Central European Summer Time to 02:00 CET).
It is very popular in Spanish national media, mainly on the radio, to list the notice ′una hora menos en Canarias′ (English: ′one hour less in the Canary Islands′) [2] when the local time is mentioned.
The natural time zone for the Canary Islands is GMT−01:00.
Daylight saving time (DST) was first introduced in 1918, [3] the year in which World War I ended. It was then introduced and abolished several times. It was not applied in 1920–1923, 1925, 1930 nor during the Second Spanish Republic period in 1931–1936. During the Spanish Civil War, DST was re-established, but there were different dates of application, depending on if the territory was under the control of the Republican faction or Nationalist faction. Curiously, the Republican faction made its first attempt to change from Greenwich Mean Time to Central European Time when time was advanced 1 hour on 2 April 1938 and advanced another hour on 30 April 1938, only adjusting back 1 hour on 2 October 1938. After the war ended on 1 April 1939, Greenwich Mean Time was re-established and on 15 April 1939 DST was also applied.
Since 1974, after the 1973 oil crisis, daylight saving time has been observed every year. In 1981 it was applied as a directive and is revised every 4 years, DST is observed from the last Sunday in March (01:00 GMT) to the last Sunday in September (01:00 GMT). [3] In 1996, daylight saving time was harmonised throughout the European Union by Directive 2000/84/EC, which moved the end of DST to the last Sunday in October.
0h ± 30m | |
1h ± 30m ahead | |
2h ± 30m ahead | |
3h ± 30m ahead |
In 1940, Francisco Franco changed the time zone [4] by changing 16 March 1940 23:00 Greenwich Mean Time to 17 March 1940 00:00 Central European Time during World War II. This was made permanent in 1942 in order to be in line with German occupied Europe. [5] Several western European countries, including France, Belgium, and the Netherlands stayed on German time after the war in addition to Spain. [6]
According to the original 24-hour division of the world, the nearest mean solar time zone is Greenwich Mean Time for all of mainland Spain except the westernmost part (about three-quarters of Galicia), which corresponds with the GMT-01:00 time zone. However, all of mainland Spain has used Central European Time (GMT+01:00) since 1940. At the time it was considered a temporary wartime decision which would be revoked a few years later, but the revocation never happened. [7]
Some activists believe that the mismatch between Spain's clock time and solar time contributes to the country's unusual daily schedule. [8] They believe that the relatively late sunrises and sunsets shift the average Spaniard's day later than it otherwise would be, and that a return to its original time zone would help boost productivity and bring family and work rhythms into better balance. [9]
In September 2013 the subcommittee to study the Rationalisation of Hours, the Reconciliation of Personal, Family Life and Professional Life and Responsibility (subcomisión para el estudio de la Racionalización de Horarios, la Conciliación de la Vida Personal, Familiar y Laboral y la Corresponsabilidad) of the Congress of Deputies made a report to the government of Spain proposing, among other things, a return to Greenwich Mean Time. [10] [11] The subcommittee considered that this time zone change would have a favourable effect, allowing more time for family, training, personal life, leisure, and avoiding downtime during the workday. The proposals are aimed at improving Spanish labour productivity as well as better adjusting schedules to family and work life. [9] [12] The Spanish government will consider the proposal. [13]
In Galicia, the westernmost region of mainland Spain, the difference between the official local time and the mean solar time is about two and a half hours during summer time. [14] There have been political pushes to change the official time so that, as in Portugal, it is one hour in advance of the zone standard time. This would involve switching to GMT and making the time similar to that in Portugal, with which it shares the same longitude. [15] For example, in Vigo (located 35 time minutes west of Greenwich) during summer, it is noon at around 14:40 and sunset is around 22:15 local time, [14] while in Menorca sunset is around 21:20. [16]
The IANA time zone database contains 3 zones for Spain. Columns marked with * are from the file zone.tab from the database.
c.c.* | coordinates* | TZ* | comments* | UTC offset | DST | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ES | +4024−00341 | Europe/Madrid | Spain (mainland) and Balearic Islands | +01:00 | +02:00 | |
ES | +3553−00519 | Africa/Ceuta | Ceuta, Melilla, plazas de soberanía | +01:00 | +02:00 | |
ES | +2806−01524 | Atlantic/Canary | Canary Islands | +00:00 | +01:00 |
Spain has borders with four countries: Portugal, France, Andorra, and Morocco; as well as with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar. Clocks must normally be set one hour earlier than in Spain after crossing the borders with Portugal.
This is the list of historical time changes in Spain, note that the time of change is in Greenwich Mean Time.
Year | Date DST starts | Time zone change | Date DST ends | Time zone change | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1918 | Monday, 15 April 23:00 GMT | Sunday, 6 October 23:00 UTC | |||
1919 | Sunday, 6 April 23:00 GMT | Monday, 6 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1924 | Wednesday, 16 April 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 4 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1926 | Saturday, 17 April 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 2 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1927 | Saturday, 9 April 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 1 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1928 | Saturday, 14 April 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 6 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1929 | Saturday, 20 April 23:00 GMT | Sunday, 6 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1937 | Saturday, 22 May 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 2 October 23:00 GMT | In Nationalist zone | ||
Wednesday, 16 June 23:00 GMT | Wednesday, 6 October 23:00 GMT | In Republican zone | |||
1938 | Saturday, 26 March 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 1 October 23:00 GMT | In Nationalist zone | ||
Saturday, 2 April 23:00 GMT | In Republican zone. Change time zone from GMT to Central European Time. | ||||
Saturday, 30 April 22:00 GMT | Sunday, 2 October 22:00 GMT | In Republican zone | |||
1939 | Saturday, 1 April 22:30 GMT | In Republican zone. End of Spanish Civil War. Change time zone from Central European Time to GMT. | |||
Saturday, 15 April 23:00 GMT | Saturday, 7 October 23:00 GMT | ||||
1940 | Saturday, 16 March 23:00 GMT | Change time zone from GMT to CET. [4] | |||
1942 | Saturday, 2 May 22:00 GMT | Tuesday, 1 September 22:00 GMT | |||
1943 | Saturday, 17 April 22:00 GMT | Sunday, 3 October 22:00 GMT | |||
1944 | Saturday, 15 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 30 September 23:00 GMT | |||
1945 | Saturday, 14 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 29 September 23:00 GMT | |||
1946 | Saturday, 13 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 28 September 22:00 GMT | |||
1949 | Saturday, 30 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 1 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1974 | Saturday, 13 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 5 October 23:00 GMT | |||
1975 | Saturday, 12 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 4 October 22:00 GMT | |||
1976 | Saturday, 27 March 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 25 September 22:00 GMT | |||
1977 | Saturday, 2 April 22:00 GMT | Saturday, 24 September 22:00 GMT | |||
1978 | Sunday, 2 April 22:00 GMT | Sunday, 1 October 01:00 GMT | |||
1979 | Sunday, 1 April 01:00 GMT | Sunday, 30 September 01:00 GMT | |||
1980 | Sunday, 6 April 01:00 GMT | Sunday, 28 September 01:00 GMT | |||
1981–1995 | Last Sunday in March 1:00 GMT | Last Sunday in September 1:00 GMT | |||
1996– | Last Sunday in March 1:00 GMT | Last Sunday in October 1:00 GMT |
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, reckoned from midnight. At different times in the past, it has been calculated in different ways, including being calculated from noon; as a consequence, it cannot be used to specify a precise time unless a context is given.
A time zone is a designated area of the globe that observes a uniform standard time for legal, commercial and social purposes. Time zones tend to follow the boundaries of countries and their subdivisions instead of strictly following longitude because it is convenient for areas in close commercial or other communication to keep the same time. France, including its overseas territories, has the most time zones of any country, with a total of 12.
Daylight saving time (DST), also daylight savings time or daylight time and summer time, is the practice of advancing clocks during warmer months so that darkness falls later each day according to the clock. The typical implementation of DST is to set clocks forward by one hour in the spring and set clocks back by one hour in autumn to return to standard time. As a result, there is one 23-hour day in late winter or early spring and one 25-hour day in the autumn.
Western European Summer Time is a summer daylight saving time scheme, 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time and Coordinated Universal Time. It is used in:
The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada, the United States, Mexico, Central America, some Caribbean Islands, and part of the Eastern Pacific Ocean.
Central European Time (CET), used in most parts of Europe and a few North African countries, is a standard time which is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The time offset from UTC can be written as UTC+01:00. The same standard time, UTC+01:00, is also known as Middle European Time and under other names like Berlin Time, Warsaw Time, Paris Time or Rome Time.
Western European Time is a time zone covering parts of western Europe and consists of countries using UTC±00:00. It is one of the three standard time zones in the European Union along with Central European Time and Eastern European Time.
Time in the United States, by law, is divided into nine standard time zones covering the states, territories and other US possessions, with most of the United States observing daylight saving time (DST) for approximately the spring, summer, and fall months. The time zone boundaries and DST observance are regulated by the Department of Transportation. Official and highly precise timekeeping services (clocks) are provided by two federal agencies: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) ; and the United States Naval Observatory (USNO). The clocks run by these services are kept synchronized with each other as well as with those of other international timekeeping organizations.
Summer time in Europe is the variation of standard clock time that is applied in most European countries in the period between spring and autumn, during which clocks are advanced by one hour from the time observed in the rest of the year, with a view to making the most efficient use of seasonal daylight. It corresponds to the notion and practice of daylight saving time (DST) to be found in many other parts of the world.
The Atlantic Time Zone is a geographical region that keeps standard time—called Atlantic Standard Time (AST)—by subtracting four hours from Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), resulting in UTC−04:00. During part of the year, some portions of the zone observe daylight saving time, referred to as Atlantic Daylight Time (ADT), by moving their clocks forward one hour to result in UTC−03:00. The clock time in this zone is based on the mean solar time of the 60th meridian west of the Greenwich Observatory.
Australia uses three main time zones: Australian Western Standard Time, Australian Central Standard Time, and Australian Eastern Standard Time. Time is regulated by the individual state governments, some of which observe daylight saving time (DST). Australia's external territories observe different time zones.
Canada is divided into six time zones, based on proposals by Scottish Canadian railway engineer Sandford Fleming, who pioneered the use of the 24-hour clock, the world's time zone system, and a standard prime meridian. Most of Canada operates on standard time from the first Sunday in November to the second Sunday in March and daylight saving time the rest of the year.
Time in Chile is divided into three time zones. Most of Continental Chile uses the time offset UTC−04:00 in winter time and UTC−03:00 in summer time, while the Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica region uses the time offset UTC-03:00 the whole year. Additionally, Easter Island uses the time offset UTC−06:00 in winter time and UTC−05:00 in summer time
Mexico uses four main time zones since February 2015. Most of the country observes Daylight Saving Time.
Europe spans seven primary time zones, excluding summer time offsets. Most European countries use summer time and harmonise their summer time adjustments; see Summer time in Europe for details.
Metropolitan France uses Central European Time and Central European Summer Time. Daylight saving time is observed in Metropolitan France from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October. With its overseas territories, France uses 12 different time zones, more than any other country in the world.
Ireland uses Irish Standard Time in the summer months and Greenwich Mean Time in the winter period..
Mexico adopted daylight saving time nationwide in 1996, even in its tropical regions, because of its increasing economic ties to the United States. Although the United States changed the schedule for DST beginning in 2007, only the municipalities located less than 20 km from the border have adopted the change. Daylight saving time for Mexico begins the first Sunday of April and ends last Sunday of October; and is usually referred to as the "Summer Schedule".
Daylight saving time in the Americas is the arrangement in the Americas by which clocks are advanced by one hour in spring and moved back in autumn, to make the most of seasonal daylight. The practice is widespread in North America, with most of Canada, Mexico, and the United States of America participating, but much less so in South America.
Portugal has two time zones and observes daylight saving time. Continental Portugal and Madeira use UTC+00:00, while the Azores use UTC–01:00. Daylight saving time is observed nationwide from the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in October, so that every year, continental Portugal and Madeira temporarily use UTC+01:00, and the Azores temporarily use UTC+00:00.