Timeline of 21st-century Muslim history

Last updated March 27, 2024

Timeline of Islamic history: 6th | 7th | 8th | 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th | 16th | 17th | 18th | 19th | 20th | 21st century

21st century (2001–2100) (1421 AH–1527 AH)

2001

Damascus Spring is brought to an end by the arrest of ten civil society activists who were sentenced to between two and ten years.
Over several weeks beginning on March 2, the Taliban began the systematic shelling and dynamiting of two giant sixth century Buddhas carved into the side of a cliff in the Banyam valley in central Afghanistan. Mullah Mohammed Omar justified the destruction of this UNESCO World Heritage Site on the ground that they were idols under Islamic law.
On September 11, members of the Al Qaeda terrorist organization attacked the United States by hijacking commercial airliners and flying them into the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia, killing upwards of three thousand. In response the United States government would declare a war on terror, beginning with the invasion of Afghanistan.
The 7.7 M_w  Gujarat earthquake shakes Western India with a maximum Mercalli intensity of X (Extreme), leaving 13,805–20,023 dead and about 166,800 injured.

2002

General elections in Pakistan are held after the 1999 military takeover. PML (Q) led by Mian Muhammad Azhar, a pro-military party, gains majority throughout Pakistan. Mir Zafrullah Khan Jamali became the Prime Minister of Pakistan.
The riots between Hindus and Muslims in Gujarat, India. More than 5000 reported killed, most of them Muslims.
A terrorist group linked to Al-Qaeda kills more than 200 people in the 2002 Bali bombings.^[1]
Chechen rebels take 800 hostages in the Moscow theater hostage crisis.^[1]

2003

The United States leads the invasion of Iraq, searching for "weapons of mass destruction," starting the second Iraq War.^[1] As a result of US De-Ba'athification policy, former Iraqi soldiers and police form secret groups and begin insurgency.
Shirin Ebadi becomes the first Muslim woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts in promoting human rights.
On April 5 Israel conducts the Ain es Saheb airstrike near Damascus, claiming the site was a terrorist training facility for members of Palestinian Islamic Jihad.
Truck bombings in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia kill 34.^[1]
Spanish restaurant and Jewish centers attacked in Casablanca, Morocco, killing 43 people.^[1]
Attack on hotel in Jakarta, Indonesia kills 10.^[1]
52 killed in suicide attacks on British and Jewish targets in Istanbul.^[1]

2004

The second-largest earthquake ever recorded occurs in the Indian Ocean, triggering the Asian tsunami. Indonesia suffers the heaviest damage with 167,736 dead, 37,063 missing and over 500,000 displaced.
Pursuant to UN Security Council Resolution coalition forces hand over sovereignty of Iraq to caretaker government.
Photos and documentation reveal extensive torture and abuse of prisoners by US military personnel at Abu Ghraib.
US troops assault the Iraqi city of Fallujah.^[1]

2005

Iraq holds election for National Assembly whose task was to draft constitution, which was ratified by popular vote that same year.
Local body elections are held in Pakistan on non-party basis.
Saudi Arabia's King Fahd dies. Fahd's brother Crown Prince Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz, who had assumed de facto leadership of the country after King Fahd suffered a debilitating stroke in 1994, is declared king.
A powerful, 7.6-magnitude earthquake hits the Azad Kashmir region of Pakistan, killing upwards of 73,000 people.
On October 8 an earthquake in Pakistan kills thousands and leaves families homeless in Khyber-Pakhunkha/Hazara region. Multi story apartment building in Islamabad also collapsed.
Israel removes Jewish settlers and military personnel from the Gaza Strip in August 2005, but continues control of its borders.
Mahmoud Ahmadinejad wins Iranian presidential election.^[1]
A high turnout among Muslims in Iraq parliamentary elections, despite insurgency.^[1]
US attacked Iraq & casualties in Iraq pass the 2000 mark.^[1]

2006

Israel invades part of Lebanon in pursuit of Hezbollah
Execution by hanging of former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein after being found guilty of crimes against humanity.
Muhammad Yunus wins Nobel Peace Prize for successful application of microcredit schemes to poor entrepreneurs in Bangladesh.

2007

Pakistani leader Benazir Bhutto returns to Pakistan after 10 years of self-imposed exile.
Death of Benazir Bhutto in an attack by terrorist at Liaqat Bagh, Rawalpindi. General elections were rescheduled.

2008

In November 2008, 10 Pakistani members of Lashkar-e-Taiba, an Islamic militant organization, carried out a series of twelve coordinated shooting and bombing attacks lasting four days across Mumbai, India.

2009

President Barack Obama delivers an address at Cairo University promising "A New Beginning" in US-Muslim relations.

2010

Last US combat troops leave Iraq.
Rima Fakih becomes the first Miss USA winner to claim the Muslim faith.

2011

Tunisian Revolution, an intensive campaign of civil disobedience and protests begun in December 2010, ousts long-time President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali—the first of a series of upheavals known as Arab Spring.
January 25 Revolution , a series of demonstrations, civil disobedience and strikes in Egyptian urban areas, part of the Arab Spring movement, resulted in the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, who turned power over to a Supreme Council of the Armed Forces.
Crack down in Syria on protests inspired by Arab Spring leads to Syrian Civil War. The opposition rebels are largely Sunni Muslims while loyalists are largely Alawites. A refugee crisis ensued with over 2 million Syrian refugees fleeing to Turkey, Jordan, Iraq and Lebanon.
Militant uprising of the professional class, defecting soldiers and Islamists later backed by French, British and US airpower topple administration of Muammar Gaddafi (who is captured and executed), the power of which was assumed by the rebels' organization the National Transitional Council.
Al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden killed by US Special Forces inside Pakistan.

2012

Mohamed Morsi, a leading member of the Muslim Brotherhood, becomes the first democratically elected president in Egyptian history.

2013

June 2013 Egyptian protests, a mass public demonstration against the administration of Mohamed Morsi, followed by a military coup d'état in which Morsi was deposed and arrested. After leading protests against the coup, the Muslim Brotherhood is officially banned by the end of the year.
2013 was the year in which the jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) adopted that name. The group expanded its territorial control in Syria and began to do so in Iraq also, and committed acts of terrorism in both countries and in Turkey. See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2013)

2014

Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant invades Northern Iraq.
In early 2014, the jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL or ISIS) captured extensive territory in Western Iraq in the Anbar campaign, while counter-offensives against it were mounted in Syria. Raqqa in Syria became its headquarters. The Wall Street Journal estimated that eight million people lived under its control in the two countries. In June the group proclaimed a "worldwide caliphate" and shortened its name to just "Islamic State" (IS). See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2014)
On August, according to statements by the Iraqi government and others, ISIL militants buried alive an undefined number of Yazidi women and children in northern Iraq in an attack that killed 500 people.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Those who escaped across the Tigris River into Kurdish-controlled areas of Syria on 10 August gave accounts of how they had seen individuals also attempting to flee who later died.^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13] Thousands of Yazidi women and girls were forced into sexual slavery by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant,^[14]^[15]^[16] and thousands of Yazidi men were killed.^[17]^[15] See also: Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
Islamic extremist group Boko Haram kidnaps 276 female students in northeast Nigeria.
Badush prison massacre On 10 June 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIS) killed at least 670 Shia prisoners in an attack on Badush prison. ISIL first separated out the Sunni inmates before executing the remaining prisoners.^[18]^[19]^[20] Moreover, there were 39 Indian construction workers who were executed in the region.^[21]
Camp Speicher massacre occurred on 12 June 2014, when the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) killed 1,700 or more^[22]^[23] Iraqi people in an attack on Camp Speicher in Tikrit, Iraq. At the time of the massacre, there were between 5,000 and 10,000 unarmed cadets in the camp,^[24] and ISIL fighters selected the Shias and non-Muslims for execution. It is the second deadliest act of terrorism in history.^[25]

2015

3 February: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) released a video of Jordanian hostage Muath al-Kasasbeh being burned to death while locked in a cage.^[26] Also, ISIL launched another incursion into Arsal, Lebanon, from their base in the countryside near the Syrian border to the west of Flitah, making it the deadliest ISIL incursion into Lebanon since their incursion into Arsal in August 2014.^[27] See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2015)
Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen is an intervention launched by Saudi Arabia on 26 March 2015, in response to calls from the pro-Saudi^[28] president of Yemen Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi for military support after he was ousted by the Houthi movement due to economic and political grievances, and fled to Saudi Arabia.^[29] The war received widespread criticism and had a dramatic worsening effect on Yemen's humanitarian situation, that reached the level of a "humanitarian disaster"^[30] or "humanitarian catastrophe",^[31]^[32]^[33] and many have labelled it as a genocide.^[34]^[35]

2016

9 February Iraqi government forces seized the final pocket of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) resistance in the Husayba Al-Sharqiyah District, which was the last ISIL-held village to the east of Ramadi, thus fully expelling ISIL from the area of Ramadi.^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2016)
2016 Karrada bombing On 3 July 2016, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militants carried out coordinated bomb attacks in Baghdad that killed 340 civilians and injured hundreds more.^[23] a suicide truck-bomb targeted the mainly Shia district of Karrada, busy with late night shoppers for Ramadan. A second roadside bomb was detonated in the suburb of Sha'ab, killing at least five.^[40]^[41]
17 October a major military campaign launched by the Iraqi Army and the Iraqi Popular Mobilization Forces to liberate the city of Mosul from the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. See also: Mosul liberation

2017

10 July Iraqi Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi officially announced the liberation of the city of Mosul from the control of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant.^[42] See also: Timeline of ISIL-related events (2017)
9 December Prime Minister Haider al-Abadi announce of the complete liberation of Iraqi lands from the hands of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, known in the Middle East as Daesh (ISIL).^[43]^[44]

2018

Turkey President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan warned that if the Austrian government closes Mosques and expels Muslims, it could lead to war. He said, “These measures taken by the Austrian prime minister are, I fear, leading the world towards a war between the cross and the crescent, "They say they're going to kick our religious men out of Austria. Do you think we will not react if you do such a thing?” he asked, quoted by AFP. “That means we're going to have to do something".^[45]

Related Research Articles

The Islamic State (IS), also known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and by its Arabic acronym Daesh, is a transnational Salafi jihadist group and a former unrecognised quasi-state. Its origins were in the Jai'sh al-Taifa al-Mansurah organization founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004, which fought alongside al-Qaeda during the Iraqi insurgency. The group gained global prominence in 2014, when its militants successfully captured large territories in northwestern Iraq and eastern Syria, taking advantage of the ongoing Syrian civil war. By the end of 2015, it ruled an area with an estimated population of twelve million people, where it enforced its extremist interpretation of Islamic law, managed an annual budget exceeding US$1 billion, and commanded more than 30,000 fighters.

The Northern Iraq offensive began on 4 June 2014, when the Islamic State of Iraq and Levant, assisted by various insurgent groups in the region, began a major offensive from its territory in Syria into Iraq against Iraqi and Kurdish forces, following earlier clashes that had begun in December 2013 involving guerillas.

The War in Iraq (2013–2017) was an armed conflict between Iraq and its allies and the Islamic State. Following December 2013, the insurgency escalated into full-scale guerrilla warfare following clashes in the cities of Ramadi and Fallujah in parts of western Iraq, and culminated in the Islamic State offensive into Iraq in June 2014, which lead to the capture of the cities of Mosul, Tikrit and other cities in western and northern Iraq by the Islamic State. Between 4–9 June 2014, the city of Mosul was attacked and later fell; following this, Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki called for a national state of emergency on 10 June. However, despite the security crisis, Iraq's parliament did not allow Maliki to declare a state of emergency; many legislators boycotted the session because they opposed expanding the prime minister's powers. Ali Ghaidan, a former military commander in Mosul, accused al-Maliki of being the one who issued the order to withdraw from the city of Mosul. At its height, ISIL held 56,000 square kilometers of Iraqi territory, containing 4.5 million citizens.

The departure of US troops from Iraq in 2011 ended the period of occupation that had begun with the U.S.-led invasion in March 2003. The time since U.S. withdrawal has been marked by a renewed Iraqi insurgency and by a spillover of the Syrian civil war into Iraq. By 2013, the insurgency escalated into a renewed war, the central government of Iraq being opposed by ISIL and various factions, primarily radical Sunni forces during the early phase of the conflict. The war ended in 2017 with an Iraqi government and allied victory, however ISIL continues a low-intensity insurgency in remote parts of the country.

Between 1 and 15 August 2014, the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) expanded territory in northern Iraq under their control. In the region north and west from Mosul, the Islamic State conquered Zumar, Sinjar, Wana, Mosul Dam, Qaraqosh, Tel Keppe, Batnaya and Kocho, and in the region south and east of Mosul the towns Bakhdida, Karamlish, Bartella and Makhmour

The following lists events that happened during 2014 in Iraq.

On 15 June 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama ordered United States forces to be dispatched in response to the Northern Iraq offensive of the Islamic State (IS) as part of Operation Inherent Resolve. At the invitation of the Iraqi government, American troops went to assess Iraqi forces and the threat posed by ISIL.

The condition of human rights in the territory controlled by the Islamic State (IS) is considered to be one of the worst in the world. The Islamic State's policies included acts of genocide, torture and slavery. The United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) stated in November 2014 that the Islamic State "seeks to subjugate civilians under its control and dominate every aspect of their lives through terror, indoctrination, and the provision of services to those who obey". Many Islamic State actions of extreme criminality, terror, recruitment and other activities has been documented in the Middle East.

The Sinjar offensive was a combination of operations of Kurdish Peshmerga, PKK and People's Protection Units forces in December 2014, to recapture regions formerly lost to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in their August offensive.

The Timeline of the War in Iraq covers the War in Iraq, a war which erupted that lasted in Iraq from 2013 to 2017, during the first year of armed conflict.

The response of Saudi Arabia to the Islamic State has taken many forms. For example, Saudi government agencies have worked with the United States since late 2014 to train and equip Syrian fighters hoping to engage with Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) militants. The challenges of dealing with ISIL is complicated by the fact that around 2,500 militants originally from Saudi territory have left for Syria in order to join ISIL, the destabilization created by the Syrian Civil War having a big effect on the region.

The November Sinjar offensive was a combination of operations of Kurdish Peshmerga, PKK, and Yezidi Kurd militias in November 2015, to recapture the city of Sinjar from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Kurdish forces, who expelled the ISIL militants from Sinjar and regained control of Highway 47, which until then had served as the major supply route between the ISIL strongholds of Raqqa and Mosul.

Since 2012, the Islamic State (IS) has produced annual reports giving numerical information on its operations, somewhat in the style of corporate reports, seemingly in a bid to encourage potential donors.

In early 2014, the jihadist group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant captured extensive territory in Western Iraq in the Anbar campaign, while counter-offensives against it were mounted in Syria. Raqqa in Syria became its headquarters. The Wall Street Journal estimated that eight million people lived under its control in the two countries.

This article contains a timeline of events from January 2015 to December 2015 related to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS). This article contains information about events committed by or on behalf of the Islamic State, as well as events performed by groups who oppose them.

Shia Muslims have been persecuted by the Islamic State, an Islamic extremist group, since 2014. Persecutions have taken place in Iraq, Syria, and other parts of the world.

This is a timeline of events during the War in Iraq in 2016.

The Yazidi genocide was perpetrated by the Islamic State throughout Iraq and Syria between 2014 and 2017. It was characterized by massacres, genocidal rape, and forced conversions to Islam. The Yazidi people, who are non-Arabs, are indigenous to Kurdistan and adhere to Yazidism, which is an Iranian religion derived from the Indo-Iranian tradition. Over a period of three years, Islamic State militants trafficked thousands of Yazidi women and girls and killed thousands of Yazidi men; the United Nations reported that the Islamic State killed about 5,000 Yazidis and trafficked about 10,800 Yazidi women and girls in a "forced conversion campaign" throughout Iraq. By 2015, upwards of 71% of the global Yazidi population was displaced by the genocide, with most Yazidi refugees having fled to Iraq's Kurdistan Region and Syria's Rojava. The persecution of Yazidis, along with other religious minorities, took place after the Islamic State's Northern Iraq offensive of June 2014.

The origins of the Islamic State group can be traced back to three main organizations. Earliest of these was the "Jamāʻat al-Tawḥīd wa-al-Jihād" organization, founded by the Jihadist leader Abu Mus'ab al-Zarqawi in Jordan in 1999. The other two predecessor organizations emerged during the Iraqi insurgency against the U.S. occupation forces. These included the "Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah" group founded by Abu Omar al-Baghdadi in 2004 and the "Jaysh Ahl al-Sunnah wa’l-Jama’ah" group founded by Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi and his associates in the same year.

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Islam in the World by Malise Ruthven (Gantra Publications, 2006) ISBN 1-86207-906-4. Page 474
↑ "Harrowing Reports Of Yazidi Massacre Emerge". HuffPost. 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq crisis: Islamic militants 'buried alive Yazidi women and children in attack that killed 500' - Middle East - World - The Independent". Independent.co.uk . 2014-08-11. Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Islamisté povraždili 500 jezídů, ženy a děti zaživa pohřbili, tvrdí Bagdád - Novinky.cz". www.novinky.cz. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Exclusive: Iraq says Islamic State killed 500 Yazidis, buried some victims alive | Reuters". Reuters . 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Exodus from the mountain: Yazidis flood into Iraq following U.S. airstrikes - The Washington Post". The Washington Post . 2019-05-07. Archived from the original on 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Yazidis tormented by fears for women and girls kidnapped by Isis jihadis". the Guardian. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq Crisis: Hundreds of Yazidi Women Held as Slaves by Islamic State Militants". International Business Times UK. 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "ISIL killed 500 Yazidis, took 300 women as slaves: Iraq govt". Firstpost. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Rasheed, Ahmed (2014-08-10). "Islamic State kills 500 Yazidis, burying some alive, claims human rights minister". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq Official: Militants Hold 100s of Yazidi Women - ABC News". ABC News . 2014-08-21. Archived from the original on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq crisis: Hundreds of Yazidi women taken captive by Islamic State" . The Independent. 2014-08-08. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq crisis: 'It is death valley. Up to 70 per cent of them are dead'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Yazidi women tell of sex-slavery trauma". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
1 2 Al-Dayel, Nadia; Mumford, Andrew (2020-01-27). "ISIS and Their Use of Slavery". Archived from the original on 2021-12-05. Retrieved 2020-11-24.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
↑ Tabary, Zoe (2018-06-05). "World failing Yazidi women forced into sex slavery - charity head". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Callimachi, Rukmini (2018-08-17). "Turkish Airstrike in Iraqi Territory Kills a Kurdish Militant Leader (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Rasheed, Stephanie Nebehay, Ahmed (2014-08-25). "U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-25.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "Iraq: ISIS Executed Hundreds of Prison Inmates". Human Rights Watch. 2014-10-30. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
↑ "Security forces find mass grave of 500 bodies in Badush Prison, near Mosul". 11 March 2017.
↑ Mar 2018, Times Now | 20; Ist, 08:27 Pm (20 March 2018). "Indians killed in Iraq: Visuals of 'burial mound' where bodies were found". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
↑ "احصائية رسمية: 1997 العدد الكلي لمفقودي مجزرتي سبايكر وبادوش". rudaw.net (in Arabic). 2014-11-01. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
1 2 "Sri Lanka terrorist attacks among world's worst since 9/11". the Guardian. 2019-04-22. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
↑ راضي, علي محسن (2014-09-07). "ناجون من مجزرة سبايكر: كنّا (4000) مجنّد أعزل وقعنا في قبضة عصابات داعش". وكالة أنباء براثا (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Nordland, Rod; Rubin, Alissa J. (2014-06-15). "Massacre Claim Shakes Iraq (Published 2014)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Burned Alive: ISIS Video Purports to Show Murder of Jordanian Pilot". NBC News. 4 February 2015. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Lebanon's army clashes with militants in Arsal | Syrian Observatory For Human Rights". 2015-12-08. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "With Friends Like the Saudis". The American Conservative. 12 October 2018. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Aboudi, Khaled Abdallah, Sami (2015-03-26). "Yemeni leader Hadi leaves country as Saudi Arabia keeps up air strikes". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-24.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Borger, Julian (2015-06-05). "Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077 . Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Durable ceasefire needed as 'humanitarian catastrophe' leaves millions suffering in Yemen – UN relief chief". UN News. 2015-07-28. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "European Commission steps up humanitarian aid for Yemen crisis - Yemen". ReliefWeb. 15 December 2015. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Yemen conflict: How bad is the humanitarian crisis?". BBC News. 2017-03-28. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Saudi Arabia accused of 'genocide' after airstrike on funeral hall kills 140" . The Independent. 2016-10-09. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Bachman, Jeff (26 November 2018). "US complicity in the Saudi-led genocide in Yemen spans Obama, Trump administrations". The Conversation. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Aboufadel, Leith (2016-02-09). "Iraqi Army liberates all of Ramadi". AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز. Archived from the original on 2019-04-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Al Jazeera Staff. "Iraq army enters last ISIL stronghold in Ramadi". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Iraq's Ramadi retaken, but rebuilding it a huge task". news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Rasheed, Stephen Kalin, Ahmed (2016-02-09). "Iraq's troubled finances slow efforts to rebuild Ramadi". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-24.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ "A Year of Fear and Frustration in Iraq". Australian Institute of International Affairs. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
↑ Moni Basu (12 January 2017). "Iraq's unnamed victims of terror". CNN. Retrieved 2020-11-25.
↑ "Iraqi PM Congratulates Army after Defeat of Daesh in Mosul - World news". Tasnim News Agency. Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "العراق يعلن رسميا انتهاء الحرب مع تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية". BBC News عربي (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ Welle (www.dw.com), Deutsche. "العبادي يعلن انتهاء الحرب ضد "داعش" في العراق | DW | 09.12.2017". DW.COM (in Arabic). Retrieved 2020-11-24.
↑ "Erdogan denounces Austrian decision to close mosques".

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[Islam_in_the_World-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Islam in the World by Malise Ruthven (Gantra Publications, 2006) ISBN 1-86207-906-4. Page 474

[2] "Harrowing Reports Of Yazidi Massacre Emerge". HuffPost. 2014-08-10. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[3] "Iraq crisis: Islamic militants 'buried alive Yazidi women and children in attack that killed 500' - Middle East - World - The Independent". Independent.co.uk . 2014-08-11. Archived from the original on 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[4] "Islamisté povraždili 500 jezídů, ženy a děti zaživa pohřbili, tvrdí Bagdád - Novinky.cz". www.novinky.cz. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[5] "Exclusive: Iraq says Islamic State killed 500 Yazidis, buried some victims alive | Reuters". Reuters . 2014-08-12. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[6] "Exodus from the mountain: Yazidis flood into Iraq following U.S. airstrikes - The Washington Post". The Washington Post . 2019-05-07. Archived from the original on 2019-05-07. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[7] "Yazidis tormented by fears for women and girls kidnapped by Isis jihadis". the Guardian. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[8] "Iraq Crisis: Hundreds of Yazidi Women Held as Slaves by Islamic State Militants". International Business Times UK. 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[9] "ISIL killed 500 Yazidis, took 300 women as slaves: Iraq govt". Firstpost. 2014-08-11. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[10] Rasheed, Ahmed (2014-08-10). "Islamic State kills 500 Yazidis, burying some alive, claims human rights minister". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[11] "Iraq Official: Militants Hold 100s of Yazidi Women - ABC News". ABC News . 2014-08-21. Archived from the original on 2014-08-21. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[12] "Iraq crisis: Hundreds of Yazidi women taken captive by Islamic State" . The Independent. 2014-08-08. Archived from the original on 2022-05-07. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[13] "Iraq crisis: 'It is death valley. Up to 70 per cent of them are dead'". The Telegraph. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[14] "Yazidi women tell of sex-slavery trauma". BBC News. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[:0-15] 1 2 Al-Dayel, Nadia; Mumford, Andrew (2020-01-27). "ISIS and Their Use of Slavery". Archived from the original on 2021-12-05. Retrieved 2020-11-24.{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[16] Tabary, Zoe (2018-06-05). "World failing Yazidi women forced into sex slavery - charity head". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[17] Callimachi, Rukmini (2018-08-17). "Turkish Airstrike in Iraqi Territory Kills a Kurdish Militant Leader (Published 2018)". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved 2020-11-24.

[18] Rasheed, Stephanie Nebehay, Ahmed (2014-08-25). "U.N. accuses Islamic State of mass killings". Reuters. Retrieved 2020-11-25.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

[19] "Iraq: ISIS Executed Hundreds of Prison Inmates". Human Rights Watch. 2014-10-30. Retrieved 2020-11-25.

[20] "Security forces find mass grave of 500 bodies in Badush Prison, near Mosul". 11 March 2017.

[21] Mar 2018, Times Now | 20; Ist, 08:27 Pm (20 March 2018). "Indians killed in Iraq: Visuals of 'burial mound' where bodies were found". The Economic Times. Retrieved 2020-11-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

[22] "احصائية رسمية: 1997 العدد الكلي لمفقودي مجزرتي سبايكر وبادوش". rudaw.net (in Arabic). 2014-11-01. Archived from the original on March 25, 2022. Retrieved 17 May 2023.

[:1-23] 1 2 "Sri Lanka terrorist attacks among world's worst since 9/11". the Guardian. 2019-04-22. Retrieved 2020-11-25.

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