Timeline of European imperialism

Last updated

This Timeline of European imperialism covers episodes of imperialism outside of Europe by western nations since 1400; for other countries, see Imperialism § Imperialism by country.

Contents

Pre-1700

World map at the Padrao dos Descobrimentos, Lisbon, with early Portuguese exploration and imperial projects. Belem - Discoveries Monument P1000152.JPG
World map at the Padrão dos Descobrimentos, Lisbon, with early Portuguese exploration and imperial projects.

Colonization of North America

Map of the northern part and parts of the southern parts of the America, from the mouth of the Saint Laurent River to the Island of Cayenne, with the new discoveries of the Mississippi (or Colbert) River. This map shows the results of the expeditions of Father Marquette and L. Jolliet (1673) and the Cavelier de la Salle expedition in the Mississippi valley. The map shows three forts built between 1679 and 1680: Conty fort (near Niagara Falls), Miamis Fort (south of Michigan lake), and Crevecoeur fort (Left bank of the Illinois River). Mississippi river course is only shown upstream of Ohio confluence. Claude Bernou Carte de lAmerique septentrionale.jpg
Map of the northern part and parts of the southern parts of the America, from the mouth of the Saint Laurent River to the Island of Cayenne, with the new discoveries of the Mississippi (or Colbert) River. This map shows the results of the expeditions of Father Marquette and L. Jolliet (1673) and the Cavelier de la Salle expedition in the Mississippi valley. The map shows three forts built between 1679 and 1680: Conty fort (near Niagara Falls), Miamis Fort (south of Michigan lake), and Crèvecœur fort (Left bank of the Illinois River). Mississippi river course is only shown upstream of Ohio confluence.

1700–1799

1793–1870

1870–1914

Central and east Africa, 1898, during the Fashoda Incident. Fashoda Incident map - en.svg
Central and east Africa, 1898, during the Fashoda Incident.

1914–1945

League of Nations mandates in the Middle East and Africa: #1-5 ex-Ottoman Empire; #6-12 ex-German Empire.
1. Syria, 2. Lebanon, 3. Palestine, 4. Transjordan, 5. Mesopotamia, 6. British Togoland, 7. French Togoland, 8. British Cameroons, 9. French Cameroun, 10. Ruanda-Urundi, 11. Tanganyika and 12. South West Africa League of Nations mandate Middle East and Africa.png
League of Nations mandates in the Middle East and Africa: #1–5 ex–Ottoman Empire; #6–12 ex–German Empire.
1. Syria, 2. Lebanon, 3. Palestine, 4. Transjordan, 5. Mesopotamia, 6. British Togoland, 7. French Togoland, 8. British Cameroons, 9. French Cameroun, 10. Ruanda-Urundi, 11. Tanganyika and 12. South West Africa
League Mandates in the Pacific, All from the German Empire: 1. South Pacific Mandate, 2. Territory of New Guinea, 3. Nauru and 4. Western Samoa League of Nations mandate Pacific.png
League Mandates in the Pacific, All from the German Empire: 1. South Pacific Mandate, 2. Territory of New Guinea, 3. Nauru and 4. Western Samoa

Post-1945

End of colonialism

Maps

French conquests and territories EmpireFrench.png
French conquests and territories

See also

Notes

  1. Perry J. Moree, A Concise History of Dutch Mauritius, 1598-1710: A Fruitful and Healthy Land (Routledge, 1998).
  2. Om Prakash, The Dutch East India Company and the Economy of Bengal, 1630-1720 (2014)
  3. Leonard Blusse, An Insane Administration and Insanitary Town: The Dutch East India Company and Batavia (1619–1799) (Springer Netherlands, 1985).
  4. Jack S. Levy and Salvatore Ali. "From commercial competition to strategic rivalry to war: The evolution of the Anglo-Dutch rivalry, 1609-52." in Paul Diehl, ed. The dynamics of enduring rivalries (1998) pp29-63.
  5. Donald C. Wellington, French East India companies: A historical account and record of trade (Hamilton Books, 2006)
  6. Theodore G. Corbett, "Migration to a Spanish imperial frontier in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: St. Augustine." Hispanic American Historical Review (1974): 414–430 in JSTOR
  7. Charles W. Arnade, "Cattle Raising in Spanish Florida, 1513–1763." Agricultural History (1961): 116–124. in JSTOR
  8. Griffiths, N.E.S. (2005). From Migrant to Acadian: A North American Border People, 1604-1755. McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN   978-0-7735-2699-0.
  9. Horgan, Paul (1994). The Centuries of Santa Fe. University of New Mexico Press. ISBN   9780826314918.
  10. Addison Emery Verrill, The Bermuda Islands: Their Scenery, Climate, Productions, Physiography, Natural History and Geology: With Sketches of Their Early History and the Changes Due to Man (1902) online
  11. Wesley Frank Craven, "An introduction to the history of Bermuda." William and Mary College Quarterly (1937): 318–362. in JSTOR
  12. George F. Dow, Every Day Life in the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1935).
  13. Olmert, Michael (2007). Official Guide to Colonial Williamsburg. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. ISBN   9780879352349.
  14. Liam Connell, "‘A Great or Notorious Liar’: Katherine Harrison and her Neighbours, Wethersfield, Connecticut, 1668–1670." Eras 12.2 (2011); Story of an accused witch put on trial but survived. online
  15. Arnold, Samuel Greene (1859). History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations vol 1 1636–1700. Applewood Books. ISBN   9781429022774.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  16. Joseph Dow (1894). History of the Town of Hampton, New Hampshire: From Its Settlement in 1638, to the Autumn of 1892. ISBN   9781548542160.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  17. Fraser, Walter J. (1990). Charleston! Charleston!: The History of a Southern City. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN   9780872497979.
  18. Illick, Joseph E. (1976). Colonial Pennsylvania: A History . Scribner. ISBN   9780684145655.
  19. John Francis McDermott, The French in the Mississippi Valley (1965)
  20. Carl A. Brasseaux, "The Moral Climate of French Colonial Louisiana, 1699–1763." Louisiana History (1986): 27-41. in JSTOR
  21. Stetson Conn, Gibraltar in British diplomacy in the eighteenth century (1942).
  22. R. Cole Harris; Geoffrey J. Matthews (1987). Historical Atlas of Canada: From the beginning to 1800. U. of Toronto Press. p. 102. ISBN   9780802024954.
  23. Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754–1766 (2001)
  24. Julia Osman, online essay
  25. Edward Gray and Jane Kamensky, eds/ The Oxford Handbook of the American Revolution (2013) Wide-ranging overview by scholars.
  26. Andrew Stockley, Britain and France at the Birth of America: The European Powers and the Peace Negotiations of 1782-1783 (U. of Exeter Press, 2001)
  27. Denys Mostyn Forrest, Tiger of Mysore: The life and death of Tipu Sultan (1970)
  28. Mark Bassin, "Inventing Siberia: visions of the Russian East in the early nineteenth century." American Historical Review 96.3 (1991): 763-794. online
  29. Rory Miller, Britain and Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries (1993).
  30. Barbara A. Tenenbaum, "Merchants, Money, and Mischief the British in Mexico, 1821–1862." The Americas 35.03 (1979): 317-339.
  31. Brian E. Vick, The Congress of Vienna: power and politics after Napoleon (Harvard UP, 2014).
  32. Victoria Glendinning, Raffles and the Golden Opportunity (2012).
  33. Alan K. Manchester, "The recognition of Brazilian independence." Hispanic American Historical Review 31.1 (1951): 80-96 in JSTOR.
  34. H.W.V. Temperley, The Foreign Policy of Canning, 1822-1827: England, the Neo-Holy Alliance, and the New World (1925) online
  35. Dexter Perkins, "Europe, Spanish America, and the Monroe Doctrine." American Historical Review (1922) 27#2 pp: 207–218. in JSTOR
  36. Jennifer E. Sessions (2015). By Sword and Plow: France and the Conquest of Algeria. Cornell University Press. ISBN   9780801454462.
  37. James S. Olson and Robert Shadle, eds. Historical dictionary of the British empire (1996) vol 1 p 47
  38. Joseph Schafer, "The British Attitude toward the Oregon Question, 1815–1846." American Historical Review (1911) 16#2 pp: 273–299. in JSTOR
  39. Richard W. Van Alstyne, "International Rivalries in Pacific Northwest." Oregon Historical Quarterly (1945): 185–218. in JSTOR
  40. David M. Pletcher, The Diplomacy of Annexation: Texas, Oregon, and the Mexican War (1973).
  41. Bernard Semmel, The Rise of Free Trade Imperialism: Classical Political Economy the Empire of Free Trade and Imperialism, 1750–1850 (2004)
  42. Michael Adas, "Twentieth Century Approaches to the Indian Mutiny of 1857–58", Journal of Asian History (1971) 5#1 pp 1–19
  43. Bhupen Qanungo, "A study of British relations with the native states of India, 1858–62." Journal of Asian Studies (1967) 26#2 pp: 251–265.
  44. Donovan Williams, "The Council of India and the Relationship between the Home and Supreme Governments, 1858–1870." English Historical Review (1966): 56–73 in JSTOR.
  45. Oscar Chapuis, The Last Emperors of Vietnam: From Tu Duc to Bao Dai (Greenwood, 2000). online
  46. Donald Creighton, The Road to Confederation: The Emergence of Canada, 1863–1867 (1965).
  47. Thomas Pakenham, Scramble for Africa: The White Man's Conquest of the Dark Continent from 1876–1912 (1991)
  48. Adam Hochschild, King Leopold's Ghost (1998)
  49. Martin Stuart-Fox, "The French in Laos, 1887–1945." Modern Asian Studies (1995) 29#1 pp: 111–139.
  50. Peter Duus, The Abacus and the Sword: The Japanese Penetration of Korea, 1895–1910 (1995)
  51. Thomas J. Osborne, "The Main Reason for Hawaiian Annexation in July, 1898," Oregon Historical Quarterly (1970) 71#2 pp. 161–178 in JSTOR
  52. Fabian Hilfrich, Debating American Exceptionalism: Empire and Democracy in the Wake of the Spa (Palgrave Macmillan, 2012)
  53. Christopher Lasch, "The Anti-Imperialists, the Philippines, and the Inequality of Man." Journal of Southern History (1958): 319–331. in JSTOR
  54. Matthew G. Stanard, Selling the Congo: A History of European Pro-Empire Propaganda and the Making of Belgian Imperialism (U of Nebraska Press, 2012).
  55. Anthony Adamthwaite, Grandeur And Misery: France's Bid for Power in Europe, 1914–1940 (1995) p 6
  56. Willie Santana, "Incorporating the Lonely Star: How Puerto Rico Became Incorporated and Earned a Place in the Sisterhood of States." Tennessee Journal of Law and Policy 9 (2013) pp: 433+ online.
  57. Nele Matz, "Civilization and the Mandate System under the League of Nations as Origin of Trusteeship." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law (2005) 9#1 pp: 47–95. online
  58. Alatalu, Toomas (1992). "Tuva - A State Reawakens" . Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 881–895. doi:10.1080/09668139208412051 via Taylor and Francis Online.

Further reading

Surveys

Africa

Asia

Atlantic world

Latin America

British Empire

French Empire

Decolonization

Primary sources